Question regarding Listener and Server Processes in dedicated server mode

Good morning,
The Oracle documentation states that when a client connection request is received on the server, the Listener creates a Server Process which will work with the database instance to carry out the tasks requested by the user/client process. So far, everything good.
Now, when the user is at the Oracle server itself, the Listener does not need to be running to establish a connection to the database. It is therefore possible to stop the Listener and still connect using sqlplus and a valid username and password.
In the above case, the question is: if the Listener is not running, what/who created the Server Process that communicates with the database instance on behalf of the user ? Stated a different way, in the normal case, the Listener would get the request and create the server process. When the Listener is not running what part of Oracle gets the requests and creates the server process ?
Clarification on how this case is handled is much appreciated, thank you,
John.

When using bequeath protocol the server process is created by the client process: it's the client process that is using ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME to compute shared memory key (under UNIX) to know which SGA to attach (i.e. which instance to connect to):
Example with SQL*Plus :
$ ps -fu oracle | grep DB112
oracle    5675     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_DB112
oracle    5677     1  3 18:13 ?        00:00:02 ora_vktm_DB112
oracle    5681     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_DB112
oracle    5683     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_DB112
oracle    5685     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_DB112
oracle    5687     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_DB112
oracle    5689     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_DB112
oracle    5691     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_DB112
oracle    5693     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_DB112
oracle    5695     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_DB112
oracle    5697     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_DB112
oracle    5699     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_DB112
oracle    5701     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_DB112
oracle    5703     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_DB112
oracle    5705     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_DB112
oracle    5707     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_DB112
oracle    5709     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_DB112
oracle    5745     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_DB112
oracle    5747     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_DB112
oracle    5749     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc2_DB112
oracle    5751     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc3_DB112
oracle    5753     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_DB112
oracle    5769     1  1 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_DB112
oracle    5773     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_DB112
oracle    5775     1  0 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_DB112
oracle    5777     1  1 18:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_DB112
oracle    5785     1 46 18:13 ?        00:00:24 ora_j003_DB112
oracle    5797  5796  2 18:14 ?        00:00:00 oracleDB112 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle    5832  5801  0 18:14 pts/2    00:00:00 grep DB112
$ ps -fp 5796
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
oracle    5796  5584  0 18:14 pts/1    00:00:00 sqlplusThis is also documented in 11.2 Net Admin. Guide http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e10836/concepts.htm#CIAFHAEE
>
If the client and database exist on the same computer, then a client connection can be passed directly to a dedicated server process without going through the listener. This is known as a bequeath protocol. The application initiating the session spawns a dedicated server process for the connection request. This happens automatically if the application used to start the database is on the same computer as the database.
>
Edited by: P. Forstmann on 5 sept. 2010 18:23

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