Question to understand VRF and VRF-lite features

Hi,
when I look at METRO switches Feature list I see that most of them support only "VRF-Lite".
Does it mean that they can't work with MPLS lables and can't be placed as PE devices in cases where we need VPN services or any kinf of "Lable-switching" services?
Which role then does those METRO switches play in a network?

Hello Konstantin,
VRF lite is a subset of MPLS L3 VPN features missing MPLS forwarding plane capabilities.
An end to end dedicated IP path is needed for each VRF, practically a VRF-lite capable device should be connected to a fully capable PE node by using a L2 trunk and dedicating at least two Vlan and two SVI for each VRF: one towards customer and one towards PE.
you get a multi VRF CE that can be shared by multiple customers
a fully capable PE node uses N+1 links for N VRFs, a multiVRF CE requires 2*N logical interfaces for N VRFs
only one MPLS enabled backbone link is needed for handling traffic of multiple VRFs in a fully capable PE node.
in metro ethernet VRF lite multi VRF CE are used as feeders sort of satellite of PE nodes to provide an access layer to customers
Hope to help
Giuseppe

Similar Messages

1801w ISR and mapping VLAN, WLAN and VRF

I have a problem with getting SSID and local vlans to work unless I create subinterfaces on radio interface. If the VLAN is then associated to a VRF and VRF DHCP pool I won?t get an IP over WLAN.
Has anyone experience with such a solution with the intergrated radio?
Using LWAPP Hybrid REAP AP?s on a trunk (fa8) interface works just fine...

Try the command ip dhcp use vrf connected in order to assign the ip address through DHCP.

AAA Authentication and VRF-Lite

Hi!
I've run into a strange problem, when using AAA Radius authentication and VRF-Lite.
The setting is as follows. A /31 linknet is setup between PE and CE (7206/g1 and C1812), where PE sub-if is a part of an MPLS VPN, and CE uses VRF-Lite to keep the local services seperated (where more than one VPN is used..).
Access to the CE, via telnet, console etc, will be authenticated by our RADIUS servers, based on the following setup:
--> Config Begins <---
aaa new-model
aa group server radius radius-auth
server x.x.4.23 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
server x.x.7.139 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
aaa authentication login default group radius-auth local
aaa authentication enable default group radius-auth enable
radius-server host x.x.4.23 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key <key>
radius-server host x.x.7.139 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key <key>
ip radius source-interface <outside-if> vrf 10
---> Config Ends <---
The VRF-Lite instance is configured like this:
---> Config Begins <---
ip vrf 10
rd 65001:10
---> Config Ends <---
Now - if I remove the VRF-Lite setup, and use global routing on the CE (which is okey for a single-vpn setup), the AAA/RADIUS authentication works just fine. When I enable "ip vrf forwarding 10" on the outside and inside interface, the AAA/RADIUS service is unable to reach the two defined servers.
I compared the routing table when using VRF-Lite and global routing, and they are identical. All routes are imported via BGP correctly, and the service as a whole works without problems, in other words, the AAA/RADIUS part is the only service not working.

Just wanted to help future people as some of the answers I found here were confusing.
This is all you need from the AAA perspective:
aaa new-model
aaa group server radius RADIUS-VRF-X
server-private 192.168.1.10 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 key 7 003632222D6E3839240475
ip vrf forwarding X
aaa authentication login default group RADIUS-VRF-X local
aaa authorization exec default group X local if-authenticated
Per VRF AAA reference:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/12_2b/12_2b4/feature/guide/12b_perv.html#wp1024168

Sourced Based VRFs and IPSEC

Hi All,
I have 2 questions.
1) Does Cisco Router 7600 with SUP720 3BXL supports VRF Selection based on Source IP Address [Layer 3 VPNs]?
2) We have various clients reaching a Router and we want to forward them to a their company's VRFs, based on their source address (Given by Radius or Statically). Now, Ideally, we want to give to the customer's H.Q. the option to connect to this router using Leased Lines (or Frame Relays) or by using IPSEC (over the internet). Is this possible? Can traffic from an access server arrive to an interface and based on the source, the user will be either forwarded to a VRF or an IPSEC?
Regards.
Regards.

Hello,
a solution to xour problem could be to have a VRF aware access server and place the customers into their respective VRF right away (the feature is called Multi-VRF aka VRF-lite). IPSec and Dialer interfaces are possible. Based on authentication you could define the VRF and by having a dot1Q trunk to the 7600 which operates as the MPLS PE.
A second option is to have the trunk to the 7600, VLANs in different VRFs and to do PBR into different VLANs on the CE router/access server.
Hope this helps! please rate all posts.
Regards, Martin

Multi-vrf CE/vrf lite Instances

I'm currently looking at deploying vrf lite on our ce's but I'm unable to locate the limitations on how many instances can be run. I realise that the low-end ce's (1700, 2600) the limitation is 5 instances. Is there any other CE related devices that can run more instances, if so, how many and what devices?
Regards
Mark

Hi,
The 5 instances restriction comes from the "Designing MPLS Extensions for Customer Edge Routers" Product bulletin. The following script from that document is:
Conclusions
In order to ensure that their data is kept private while traveling across a Service Providers network, customers are presented many VPN options to suit their needs. This paper has focused on one particular type of VPNs: MPLS-VPNs. A general description was outlined for MPLS-VPNs in order to discuss the new feature in Cisco IOS release 12.2: Multi-VRF CE.
Multi-VRF CE extends limited PE functionality to CE devices by allowing the traditional LAN network behind a CE router to be segmented into separate VRFs. With this feature, the CE router is now able to segment their LAN traffic into a maximum of 5 separate VRFs.
So, I'm not sure whether this is just a standard feature set for all models, or this particular feature has been upgraded to support more vrfs, which as you say, will require the appropriate capacity.
Regards
Mark

VRF and FTP Server

I have a weird problem with VRF and FTP Server. I have a lab setup whereby two VRFs Client1 and Client2 are created. Both the VRFs are in the same subnet. I have configured FTP-Server and TFTP-Server on this router. TFTP-Server works perfectly fine from both the networks. But for FTP-Server, I can login in to the FTP Server and authenticate positively. But when I try to do listing of directory, it gives a error "can't bind data".
The web access to this router also works perfectly fine.
Any idea why FTP fails.
Before configuring vrf, the FTP server did work fine.
Any idea why. here's the config :
interface FastEthernet0/0.371
description Client1
encapsulation dot1Q 371
ip vrf forwarding client1
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0.372
description Client2
encapsulation dot1Q 372
ip vrf forwarding client2
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0

Ohhhhhhhh!!!
I'm even more convinced its a passive/active problem with the ftp control channel. Did you try the gentleman's suggestion of passive ftp?? What's happening is that from a client on one vrf, you're attempting to terminate the ftp session in a router whom is in the second vrf. The ftp data session isn't vrf-aware from the sound of it, hence my question about what device models and IOS you're using.
But I agree, it's getting complicated enough that sounds like TAC-time. My bet is something isn't vrf-aware to the point that the data is lost. For instance, to ping from one device to another from _within_ a vrf router instance, you have to use the keyword "vrf" like "ping vrf VRF_Name src dest".
In your situation, your source is on one vrf while the destination is _within_ the second vrf, not just simply the IP packet being routed from vrf1-client (like a Windows PC) to vrf2-server (like a Unix ftp server).
I'd be interested in hearing their solution.
-Jeff

Is it possible for Nexus7000 flexible netflow monitor for interfaces with different vrf and export to one netflow analyzer?

I have a Nexus 7000 with many vlan interfaces with multiple vrf, I would like to know if my netflow analyzer only connected to one vrf, can I use flexible netflow on the Nexus 7000 to monitor those vlan interfaces with multiple vrf and export them to my netflow analyzer, so that I can see all flow from different vrfs on my netflow analyzer?
Thank you!

Adriano, there is a RV042G, which supports the gig ports and a 800 mbps nat throughput. Here is the datasheet
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps10907/ps9923/ps12262/data_sheet_c78-706724.html
If you are using a DSL connection, the SRP527/547 models may be an alternative. These models support the RFC 1483 Bridges EOA Please note the SRP547 should be 10/100/1000. Also note the SRP521/541 are Fast Ethernet units and they do differ from the SRP527/547. The main selling point of these devices are the FXS/FXO ports. So this may also be a bit of an "unfocused" solution. But it's worth throwing the idea out there!
Here is the admin guide;
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/unified_communications/srp540_series/administration/srp500_AG_2567701.pdf
Here is the datasheet;
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/voicesw/ps6790/gatecont/ps10500/data_sheet_c78-550705.pdf

VoIP and VRFs

Does anyone know of any concerns, issues, problems, or hidden gotchas that have been experienced with creating a VRF for a VoIP network? What I would actually like to do is place everything (except the media gateways) in a VRF and firewall it. Thus only call signaling, management traffic, and any required database connectivity would have to pass through the firewall. Any thoughts, anyone?

Firewalling voice is always a headache. Unfortunately a lot of signaling protocols are proprietary like SCCP, and MGCP (not really). Or just change a lot, or not completely standardized like SIP.
Between the time a Dev on a VTG group decides to add a new field to a protocol like SCCP, and the time it takes the corresponding Dev on a Firewall group to add the support for that field on its 'Inspection' engine sometimes takes months. And the fact that all communications are opened on random dynamic ports between the 16K and 32K makes matters worst.
I do think it's a good idea, specially with cybersecuirty threads on the rise, and toll fraud so prevalent this days. I think SBC and Media relay points are a good way to get everything more in control.
I just wanted to raise some awareness that if you want to go down that path, you do need a solid roll-out and testing plan as things will likely get bizarre a few times.

VRF and DHCP issue

VRF and DHCP issue
We have a 6500 ( 12.2 (33) SXH5 ) that has a VRF running for our guest network. On this 6500 resides the DHCP pool with a range defined for our guest network. We have a stack of 3750's (12.2 (46) SE) connected to the 6500 with a L3 connection. The 3750's have a local guest VLAN with its gateway defined in a VLAN interface. This VLAN on the 3750 has an IP helper address pointing to an IP within the VRF on the 6500. When debugging DHCP on the 6500, a request is received and sent back out. The client never receives this request.
If a static IP is applied, the client is able to communicate anywhere within the VRF successfully (including pinging the IP within the helper-address. As many posts have pointed out - there is no VRF <name> under the ip dhcp pool <name> within the 6500. I am just wondering if anyone else has run into this and what their solution was.
Thanks.

Hi,
I have tested the dhcp server and vrf on Cisco 3640 and it is working without VRF under the ip dhcp pool. Please ensure that you have configured routing for the dhcp-relay agent(VLAN facing dhcp client on 3750 in your case).

Questions on Client Failver and Fast Failover

've few questions regarding Client Failover and Fast Faiolver of Oracle Database HA. Before I ask those questions I would like to explain my environment. Below are the details.
- We have two physical locations called 'ABC' and 'PQR'
- ABC is the primary site.
- PQR is the standby site.
- In ABC, we have Oracle RAC database (11.2.0.2) with two nodes.
- In PQR, we have a single server standalone database (11.2.0.2) with ASM. This is not a RAC.
- Data Guard has been configured between ABC and PQR and it is working as expected.
- Please note that we have a licence for Active Data Guard.
- We have Oracle Identity Management products at both ABC and PQR and they are going to use RAC database as a primary database which is in ABC.
- We did not configure Data Guard broker yet.
We want to achieve below goals:
Goal 1:
Whenever RAC primary goes down completely, standby database should become primary database AUTOMATICALLY and it should allow read/write operation.
I guess this is called 'Fast Failover'. Please let me know if I am wrong.
Questions :
- To make this happen, Do I need to configure Data Guard Broker so that standy database becomes primary when RAC goes down completely with planned or unplanned outage.
- Let's say RAC goes down completely, how long does Data Guard broker take to make standby db as Primary.
- What about the client/application who already connected to RAC.
- Let's standby DB has become as primary and after sometime if RAC comes back , Does data guard automatically changes the role of RAC to primary ?
Goal 2:
As I explained above, all Oracle IDM products and applications speak to RAC database they only know about RAC database which is primary.They are not aware of standby database.
- Whenever a client session is in progress with RAC primary database, if RAC goes down completely , we would like to expect client session should get transferred standby datbase without loosing session information . However before this happens, standby database should become primary becuase client session may perform write operations.
- Whenever a client is trying to connect to RAC prmary and assume RAC is completely down, we would like to expect client connections should get transferred to standby database.
However before this happens, standby database should become primary becuase client session may perform write operations.
As per my knowledge, above scenarios are called 'client failver'. Please let me know if I am wrong.
Questions:
1. Please throw some light to achieve above features.
2. As per my understanding, before client failover happens, fast failover should have already occured and standby should get switch to primary role. I guess all this happens through TIMEOUT parameters. What are those.
Could you please help ?
Thanks

859875 wrote:
Goal 1:
Whenever RAC primary goes down completely, standby database should become primary database AUTOMATICALLY and it should allow read/write operation.
I guess this is called 'Fast Failover'. Please let me know if I am wrong.You are correct.
>
Questions :
- To make this happen, Do I need to configure Data Guard Broker so that standy database becomes primary when RAC goes down completely with planned or unplanned outage.Yes (you can also use Grid Control that will use Data Guard Broker).
>
Goal 2:
As I explained above, all Oracle IDM products and applications speak to RAC database they only know about RAC database which is primary.They are not aware of standby database.
- Whenever a client session is in progress with RAC primary database, if RAC goes down completely , we would like to expect client session should get transferred standby datbase without loosing session information:This is not possible: it is possible only for SELECT statement and only in a single RAC database.
You can find some interesting documents on MAA home page (best pratices, case studies...):
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-090890.html

Differences between 9i Lite and 8i Lite

Anyone else get the feeling that 9i lite is a stripped down version of 8i lite?
What are the changes between 8i Lite and 9i lite?
For example 9i Lite no longer provides the replication ocx ?!?!?!! Can anyone suggest a migration path?
Are there any good documentation sources for the differences?

Check out the readme document for Oracle9i Lite. It goes over your questions regarding new and desupported features.
Here is some information from the readme:
Deprecated Features and Components
iConnect - an umbrella term for Oracle8i Lite's synchronization and messaging component
C-REPAPI - replaced by the more powerful Mobile Server/Consolidator. C-REPAPI and related components such as Java Replication Classes, Replication Cartridge, OCX Wrapper has been removed from the CD
Oracle Mobile Agent - used for wireless replication under the C-REPAPI replication technology. Obsolete because C-REPAPI is no longer part of Oracle9i Lite
Web-to-Go Server - integrated in Mobile Server
Consolidator Server - integrated in Mobile Server
Synchronization Server for Handheld Devices - integrated in Mobile Server
Scout MTS - no longer supported
Oracle8 Navigator - no longer available. Navigator functionality has been implemented in either Control Center or Packaging Wizard
Oracle Lite Designer- removed
Internet SQL - removed
Oracle Lite Deployment Wizard - obsolete because of Mobile Client
OLITERM - removed because no longer needed
null

LAN BASE and LANE LITE Software

Hi ,
I found this info in the Q&A for Catalyst 2960 Switches:
Q. What are the advantages of Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series Switches with the LAN Base software relative to Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series Switches with the LAN Lite software?
A. Cisco Catalyst 2960 LAN Base switches deliver intelligent services for branch offices and wiring closets. The LAN Base IOS software supports enhanced Layer 2+ security, quality of service (QoS), availability, and scalable management to enable new converged applications. Catalyst 2960 LAN Base switches include both 10/100 Fast Ethernet and 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity in 8-, 24-, and 48-port configurations.
Cisco Catalyst 2960 LAN Lite switches are for entry-level branch office and wiring closet networks. They simplify the migration from nonintelligent hubs and unmanaged switches to a fully scalable and reliable network. The LAN Lite IOS software supports standard Layer 2 security, QoS, and availability while lowering the network total cost of ownership. Catalyst 2960 LAN Lite switches deliver 10/100 Fast Ethernet connectivity in 24- and 48-port configurations.
All Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series Switches have technical support service options available through Cisco SMARTNet® service. All come with a Limited Lifetime Hardware Warranty, and LAN Base and LAN Lite software updates are provided at no additional cost.
my question is about the text in red color, does that mean that if I ordered (WS-C2960-24PC-L) then all the Ethernet interfaces can work at the 10/100/1000 ?

Hello and good afternoon,
Here is the link to the model comparisons:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6406/prod_models_comparison.html
There are gig uplinks on the lan-lite products.
Is there a specific application, feature or functionality you are looking for? Can I assist you all in finding the right switch?
Kindest regards and best wishes for a great new year!
Andrew Lee Lissitz

Poll: Are you pleased your Vista Drivers and their current featur

So my question goes who here uses their Sound Card to do more such as decode Dolby Digital (any kind) for SPDIF IN/OUT or any other function that enables you to do more for your home entertainment system, that Vista currently doesn't support?
POLL:
Are you pleased with your Vista Drivers and their current features? (A respectable question)
Yes
or
No
Maybe we can have a Poll about the feelings of the community without it being blocked for "stirring up trouble", we have an opinion lets see what the community thinks.Message Edited by cyphin6 on 03-20-200705:06 PM
Message Edited by cyphin6 on 03-20-200705:07 PM

Why is it that people think they have all these "rights"? There is a difference between a "right" and a "privilege". It is painfully obvious that most people who say that have a "right" to do something don?t know what their rights are at all.
First and foremost, moderating a privately owned forum is not a violation of anyone's "rights". Before someone complains about their "right to free speech" being violated because of a forum moderator, you need to understand about the right to "free speech" in "America" (Actually you should say in the U.S. because Cuba is part of "America" as well and they don't have a constitutionally guaranteed "right to free speech" ) applies to CONGRESS and what CONGRESS can't do. Basically, it restricts the government, not private citizens and private forums.
And even though you may have the "right" to say something, it doesn't mean that anyone here has to listen to you...and that includes the moderators and forum owner. In other words, they can tell you to shut up by locking or deleting a topic. If you want to practice your ?right? beyond that, open your door and shout at the top of your lungs?and when the police show up, you can'tell them?all about your ?rights?
Message Edited by SGV on 03-20-200705:45 PM

Beginners Guide sound installation -- OSS and ALSA objective features

Beginners Guide sound installation -- OSS and ALSA objective features needed
Hi,
In most wiki pages i just edit the things that i think need editing. Just look at the oss history
In all those cases i didn't really saw a need to ask for permission.. that would kinda destroy the wiki idea.
However i want to change the sound instructions in the beginners guide so i made a copy of the entire guide and the part that i changed there is: http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Use … ling_Sound now i have a slight issue there. As you can see i'm in favor of OSS and because you can spot that it's not objective. Now i would ask 2 things.
1. Could you all post your features of OSS and ALSA
2. Once that's done can i have permission to place that section in the beginners guide? that will also include removing the sound installation from the beginners guide which i already did in my version
My personal reason to do this. i've read this and am since then pro OSS and against the ALSA/PulseAudio combo. i think that combo needs to get out of linux (most notably Fedora and Ubuntu) ASAP. and oss needs to go back into the linux kernel
Thank you for your time,
Mark

ngoonee wrote:
I'm an alsa/pulse user, so I'll give a bit of the 'other side'.
Alsa/pulse
Pros:-
network sound
advanced connection of sink/source (including merging sinks)
bluetooth support!
highly supported by existing apps, either through directly supporting Pulse or through its alsa plugin (you should not need to recompile properly-written apps which do not assume they should write audio data directly to hardware, I think I only needed to recompile mpd on my system)
Cons:-
Setup isn't the easiest. Can't comment vs OSS4 because I haven't tried it
OSS4
Pros:-
Everyone seems to say sound quality is better. I guess that's because they're comparing it with dmix alsa. Use pulse with alsa and you should not notice any difference in sound quality though.
Cons:-
Most apps nowadays default output to alsa. Meaning OSS plays them using an alsa plugin.
USB support is admittedly skimpy.
EDIT: Having read the sound article you referred to, my only comment is that the writer really has it in for Pulse... 3 seconds latency, where'd he get that from? I use pulse for audio recording (when I'm lazy to fire up JACK) and while there IS latency, its definitely in the ms range.
Thanx for the input
Gen2ly wrote:
Gen2ly wrote:...As a side note, do you need libflashsupport here???...
markg85, libflashsupport isn't needed. [1]
pacman -Ql oss | grep flash
If you don't know, please don't put in wiki, this could cause unnecessary problems. As for the mms section:
If your stream sounds ugly in totem like it did with me then you could try to play it with another codec like ffmpeg (mplayer). That "fixed" the issue for me. This will not fix the issue that somehow pops up in gstreamer when playing MMS streams but it will give you the option to play it with good sound quality. Playing it in mplayer is simple:
# mplayer mmsh://yourstreamurl
Could you fix this? ffmpeg is not a codec . Also define ugly, and what is somehow?
markg85 wrote:Thanx a lot for your feedback. i will certainly use it when i make more edits.
As for the things you didn't know. As soon as i fully understand how i can get a microphone working in OSS i will add that to the wiki as well. Unless you already know it.. in that case, feel free to add it.
For the mic, I did get mine going. Can't remember just how I did mine (sorry, think I had to disable one of the inputs), but do remember to prevent it from passing through the speakers had to disable "Misc Microphone".
# ossmix
Selected mixer 0/High Definition Audio ALC888
Known controls are:
jack.green.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently front)
jack.green [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.green.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.black.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently center/LFE)
jack.black [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.black.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.orange.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently rear)
jack.orange [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.orange.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.gray.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently pcm4)
jack.gray [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.gray.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.pink.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently input)
jack.pink [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 19.9:19.9 dB)
jack.pink.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.fp-pink.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently front)
jack.fp-pink [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.fp-pink.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.blue.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently input)
jack.blue [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.blue.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
jack.fp-green.mode <front|rear|center/LFE|side|pcm4|input> (currently front)
jack.fp-green [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 29.9:29.9 dB)
jack.fp-green.mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.mic1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.fp-mic1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.linein1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.fp-headphone1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.green1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.black1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.orange1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.gray1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.input-mix1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix1 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 38.9:38.9 dB)
record.mix.mute.mic2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.fp-mic2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.linein2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.fp-headphone2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.green2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.black2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.orange2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.gray2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix.mute.input-mix2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
record.mix2 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 4.4:2.9 dB)
misc.mic [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 0.0:0.0 dB)
misc.fp-mic [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 46.4:37.4 dB)
misc.linein [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 38.9:38.9 dB)
misc.fp-headphone [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 34.4:34.4 dB)
misc.green [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 34.4:38.9 dB)
misc.black [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 38.9:38.9 dB)
misc.orange [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 38.9:38.9 dB)
misc.gray [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 40.4:41.9 dB)
misc.input-mix <mic|fp-mic|linein> (currently mic)
misc.front-mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.input-mix-mute1 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.front1 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 43.4:43.4 dB)
misc.front2 <front|input-mix> (currently front)
misc.rear-mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.input-mix-mute2 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.rear1 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 4.4:4.4 dB)
misc.rear2 <rear|input-mix> (currently rear)
misc.center/lfe-mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.input-mix-mute3 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.center/lfe1 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 41.9:41.9 dB)
misc.center/lfe2 <center/LFE|input-mix> (currently center/LFE)
misc.side-mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.input-mix-mute4 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.side1 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 35.9:35.9 dB)
misc.side2 <side|input-mix> (currently side)
misc.pcm4-mute ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.input-mix-mute5 ON|OFF (currently OFF)
misc.pcm41 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 25.4:25.4 dB)
misc.pcm42 <pcm4|input-mix> (currently pcm4)
vmix0-enable ON|OFF (currently ON)
vmix0-rate <decimal value> (currently 48000) (Read-only)
vmix0-channels <Stereo|Multich> (currently Stereo)
vmix0-src <Fast|Low|Medium|High|High+|Production|OFF> (currently Medium)
vmix0-outvol <monovol> (currently 25.0 dB)
vmix0-invol <monovol> (currently 25.0 dB)
vmix0.pcm8 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 19.9:19.9 dB) ("knotify4")
vmix0.pcm9 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 25.0:25.0 dB)
vmix0.pcm10 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 25.0:25.0 dB)
vmix0.pcm11 [<leftvol>:<rightvol>] (currently 25.0:25.0 dB)
For libflashsupport on the same page you linked it clearly states:
# Flash V9 and V10 require libflashsupport to output sound via OSS. Typically a 32-bit version of the library is required.
# Flash V10 has a 64-bit version which requires a 64 bit libflashsupport.
Also i tested it with and without libflashsupport. On archlinux (x64 running here) there most certainly is a need for libflashsupport when you want to have sound in your flash. And yes i tested the archlinux OSS version and the mercurial version (running now) bith need it installed manually! On my pc sound in flash didn't work without it but did with it. So, no not removing from the wiki as it's needed. But i see you removed it for me! please do NOT do that if you didn't even verified it. I use flash 10 x64 and i need it!
As for the ffmpeg "codec" changed it to backend.
And i did get the microphone working near perfect: http://www.4front-tech.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=13192
Now for some news you all might like.
On my school i need to do an investigation to whatever i want and i'm heavily thinking about investigating the pros/cons of alsa compared to oss (or oss compared to alsa). That investigation will take from monday next week till next mondey till friday 23 of oktober. In that investigation i'm going to do some in depth look of alsa and oss and that will include the usability as well.
Following up on that investigation i will spend another 8 weeks on my school making a volume control application that can be used with alsa and oss and easily expandable with other sound systems. The goal of this is to make one sound application that can manage (in the first place) alsa and oss. oss is going to be implemented and alsa is probably going to be dummy implemented because it's likely way to much for me to implement both.
Before you get to exited, both projects (investigating and making the application) are just made up today and i just don't know if both will get accepted by my school. I asked one teacher and he liked the idea a lot and could potentially have a value for the sound management under linux. Once i do get this started i will involve the community (YOU!) with this since this project can't be done without the community specially the investigation.
And once i start and have something to tell/ask i will blog about it on http://blog.mageprojects.com
edit::
And this idea already got dumped. read more a few posts down or click: http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php? … 34#p612634
Last edited by markg85 (2009-09-03 17:51:45)

Few questions about sql2008 functions and commands

hello,
I am learning sql2008 implementation and maintenance,I am just 2 weeks bussy.there is some questions in my mind wich I can't answer it.
1-when I can use USE MASTER statement
2-can a database for example (test) have many and unlimmited file groups?
3-what is the diferrence between file and filegroup! is the term of file means tables in filegroup?
4-with boundary points does mean the data type when creating partition function!
5`what is diferrence between full text index and index,where you have to use the index and wher you have to use full text index?
6-each filegroup must have one partition or one partition can have many filegroups in partition scheme!
7-do you have to partition every scheme or not! where do you have to partition a scheme and where not?
8-can you give a little example with switch operator!
9-again do you have to partition every table and index in the real world or not!
thanks
johan
h.david

Hi,
Let me try to answer your questions:
You need to use USE MASTER whenever you need to do some work in the MASTER database and the database context is not that.
Yes, a database can have many filegroups. Please check this article:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179316.aspx
Please check this article:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179316.aspx
As per BOL:
boundary_value is a constant expression that can reference variables. This includes user-defined type variables, or functions and user-defined functions. It cannot reference Transact-SQL expressions.
boundary_value must either match or be implicitly convertible to the data type supplied in
input_parameter_type, and cannot be truncated during implicit conversion in a way that the size and scale of the value does not match that of its corresponding
input_parameter_type. For more details check
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187802.aspx
For simplicity: Full-Text index is used to search in a LOB/text data in a column, index is used to speed up your queries. Please check these articles:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms142571.aspx,
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189271.aspx
As per BOL: When you create a partition scheme, you define the filegroups where the table partitions are mapped, based on the parameters of the partition function. You must specify enough filegroups to hold the number of partitions. You can specify that
all partitions map to a different filegroup, that some partitions map to a single filegroup, or that all partitions map to a single filegroup. You can also specify additional, "unassigned" filegroups in the event you want to add more partitions later. For
more info, please check
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188730.aspx
8. Please read the concept of partitioning here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190199.aspx and for SWITCH operator, please check the sliding window example at here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa964122(SQL.90).aspx
9. It depends :) but you always will have at least 1 partition!
I hope it helps.
J.
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