R3 environment for test my abap programs

Hi forum:
    I download the Sneak Preview Download Full ABAP Edition Trial, but i just want to test with simple abap programs for practice this language, but don´t know i can do it with this tool, because i think that this software it´s only for programing with ABAP WebDynpro, if this is true, is there some free server in Internet to practice my programming with simple ABAP?
thnks
Josue

Hi,
If you want to learn ABAP properly, go through a book called as ABAP OBJECTS. Its a very good book. Along with book, you will get miniSAP CD's on which you can practice your ABAP programs.
Reward points if the answer is helpful.
Regards,
Mukul

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    1.     Objective     5
    2.     Naming Conventions     5
    2.1     Codes for naming conventions     5
    2.1.1     Module Codes     5
    2.1.2     Free text     6
    2.2     Naming Convention of Development Objects     6
    2.2.1     Package     6
    2.2.2     Executable Program     6
    2.2.3     BSP Application     7
    2.2.4     Logical Database     8
    2.2.5     SAP Scripts /Smartforms     9
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    2.2.16     Area Menu     13
    2.3     Naming of Sub-Objects     13
    2.3.1     Program Sub-Objects     13
    2.3.2     SAP Script /Smartform sub-objects     14
    3.     General Programming Guidelines     14
    3.1     Modification Logs     14
    3.2     Program Organization     15
    3.2.1     Executable Programs     15
    3.2.2     Dialog Programs     15
    3.3     Package     15
    3.3.1     Adding Components to existing objects     15
    3.3.2     Creation of New Objects     15
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    3.4.1     Adding Messages to existing landscapes     15
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    3.5     Dictionary Objects     16
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    4.1     Type     16
    4.2     Status     18
    4.3     Authority Check     18
    4.4     Program Structure     19
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    1.     Objective
    The objective of this document is to describe general programming guidelines, methodologies, Naming conventions and performance guidelines for all the programs developed for SAP Project.
    2.     Naming Conventions
    This chapter describes the naming conventions to be followed for naming the programming objects for SAP project.
    2.1      Codes for naming conventions
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    Code ID:  mm
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    FI     Finance
    CO     Controlling Module
    MM     Materials Management
    PP      Production Planning
    SD     Sales & Distribution
    QM      Quality Management
    PM     Plant Maintenance
    IM     Inventory Management
    WM     Warehouse Management
    BC     Basis Module
    BW     Business Warehouse
    WF     Workflows (Master Data Management)
    HR     Human Resources
    EBP     EBP
    PS     Project Systems
    PCP     Synpro: Product Costing
    PAP     Synpro: COPA
    DP     APO :  Demand Planning
    SP     APO :  Supply Network Planning
    DS      APO : Production Planning & Detailed Scheduling
    AT     APO : Global ATP
    TP     APO : Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling
    CI     Core Interface
    LC     Live Cache
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    Code ID: ffff
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    Input field:     if_fffff
    Button:     b_fffff
    Text Edit:     te_fffff
    Text View:     tv_fffff
    Radio button Group:     rbg_fffff
    Radio button:     rb_fffff
    Check Box Group:     cbg_fffff
    Check Box     cb_fffff
    Tray     tr_fffff
    Tabstrip     ts_fffff
    Tableview      tab_fffff
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    Notes:
    1.     Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
    2.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
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    ZFFI_EMP_CONF     Employee Confirmation Letter
    ZFFI_ANN_TO     Annual Turnover Letter To Customers and Vendors
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    3.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
    Extension Type : ZX<Basic type name>_NN
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    1.     Replace <NN> with sequence number .
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    1.   Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
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    1.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text ..
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    1.Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
    2.2.7     Transaction Code
    Notes:
    1.     The tcode name is provided by SAP TIN The Developer must write a mail to SAP Tin asking for the T-Code name with a filled form.
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    Notes:
    1.     Replace <mm> with relevant module code as given above
    2.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
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    Notes:
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    LZMMPURCHASINGI01     ZMMPURCHASING     F.Group-Purchasing: PAI
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         Suffix Project name with a running sequence no.
    Example : ZM_VENDOR_1
    2.2.12.3     Object
    Naming Convention: ZM_<ffff>_<n><n>.
    Notes:
         Suffix Subproject name with a running sequence no.
    Example : ZM_VENDOR_11
    2.2.13     Classes
    Naming Convention: ZCL_[IM/DF/BSPCO/BSPHN/BADI]_<ffff>.
    1.     IM: Implementation Class;
    DF: Definition Class
    BSPCO: BSP Controller class
    BSPHN: BSP Handler class
    BADI : BADI implementation
    2.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text: In case of Implementation classes, it should preferably be the same as that of the Definition Class
    3.     Example:
    IMPLEMENTATION Class: ZCL_IM_REBATE_SETTL
    DEFINITION: ZCL_DF_REBATE_SETTL
    2.2.14     BOR Object Types
    Object     Convention     Example
    Supertype     Z<ffff>     ZLVAPPL
    SubType     Z<SuperType><nn>     ZZLVAPPL01
    Program     <Subtype>     ZZLVAPPL01
    1.     Replace <nn> with a running 2 digit serial Number
    2.     Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
    2.2.15     Screen / Transaction Variants
    Naming Convention: <tcode>_<ffff>
    Where:
    1.     Replace <tcode> with the t-code that will be assigned to this Variant
    2.     Replace ffff with a meaningful text
    E.g.:
    For an SE16 variant for table KONA that will be used by T-Code Z_CH_SD_001:
    Z_CH_SD_001_KONA
    2.2.16     Area Menu
    Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<Main Menu>_<Sub Menu>…<ffff>
    Where:
    1.     Replace <mm> with the Module code
    2.     Followed by the hierarchical position of the immediate parent of this Area Menu
    3.     Followed by a Meaningful text for this Menu
    E.g.:
    ZSD
    ZSD_TAB
    ZSD_TAB_VIEW
    ZSD_TAB_UPDT
    Notes:
    1.     Clusters of Transactions should be introduced as Sub-Menus rather than as Folders
    2.     As a gradual process, the current Clusters that exist as Folders should also be replaced with Sub-Menus
    2.3     Naming of Sub-Objects
    2.3.1     Program Sub-Objects
    Naming of all the internal components of a program will be consistent across the project.
    Naming Convention: <Prefix>ffff.
    Notes:
    1.     Replace <Prefix> with the component prefix values given in the table below.
    Program Component     Prefixed by
    Program Constants     C_
    Global Variables     W_
    Types Definition     T_
    Global Structures     WA_
    Global Internal Tables     I_
    Select-Options     SO_
    Parameters     PO_
    Table Type     TT_
    Field Symbols     FS_
    Ranges     R_
    Local Constants     LC_
    Local Variables     L_
    Local Static Variables     LS_
    Local Internal Tables     LI_
    Local Work Area     LWA_
    Local Range     LR_
    Field Groups     FG_
    Container      CO_
    Macro     MA_
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    Naming of all the internal components of a SAPScript/SmartForm shall follow the same convention as for Programs (2.2.2), with the addition of the Field Label on the FRS. E.g. if the FRS has labeled a field for Sales Order Number as Field 27 on the Layout, the variable name should be W_27_VBELN.
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    3.1     Modification Logs
    At the top of every ABAP Object Modified by a Developer, there should be a Modification Log Every Line Created/Changed by the developer should be Identifiable by the TR Number.
    ABAP Patterns: Following Patterns should be used for Uniform ModLogs:
    Nature of Change     Pattern to Use
    New Development     ZZNEWPROG
    In-Line Logs     ZZLINE
    Modification Logs at the Top of Object     ZZMODLOG
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    All the programs will be organized as described below.
    3.2.1     Executable Programs
    TOP Include: For global data declarations
    Form Include: For definition of all the FORMs.
    3.2.2     Dialog Programs
    TOP Include: For global data declarations
    Form Include: For definition of all the FORMs.
    PBO Include: Include for PBO Modules
    PAI Include: Include for PAI Modules
    3.3     Package
    All the related objects within a sub-module of SAP will be developed under a single Package.
    3.3.1     Adding Components to existing objects
    When adding new workbench components to existing Objects, the same Package will be used as has been used for the existing Components
    3.3.2     Creation of New Objects
    When creating new Objects or new Sub-lanscapes, Packages used should have the Naming convention as in Section 2 Above
    3.4     Program Messages
    All the messages within a sub-module of SAP will be grouped under a single Message Class.
    3.4.1     Adding Messages to existing landscapes
    When adding new messages for existing Objects, the same Message Class will be used as has been used for the existing Objects
    3.4.2     Creation of New Objects
    When creating new Objects or new Sub-landscapes, Message classes used should have the Naming convention as in Section 2 Above
    3.5     Dictionary Objects
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    4.1     Type
    •     When an ABAP program is run, its processing blocks are called. ABAP programs are controlled from outside the program itself by the processors in the current work process. For the purposes of program flow, we can summarize the screen processor and ABAP processor into the ABAP runtime environment. The runtime environment controls screens and ABAP processing blocks. It contains a range of special control patterns that call screens and processing blocks in certain orders. These sections are also called processors. When a ABAP program is run, the control passes between various processors.
    •     In the R/3 System, there are various types of ABAP program. The program type determines the basic technical attributes of the program, and must be set when created. The main difference between the different program types is the way in which the runtime environment calls its processing blocks.
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    •     The following program types are relevant to application programming:
    Type 1
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    Type M
    •     The most important technical attribute of a type M program is that it can only be controlled using screen flow logic and run via a transaction code which is linked to the program and one of its screens (initial screen).
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    Type F
    •     Type F programs are containers for function modules, and cannot be started using a transaction code or by entering their name directly.
    •     Type F programs are known as function groups. Function modules may only be programmed in function groups. The Function Builder is a tool in the ABAP Workbench that is used to create function groups and function modules. Apart from function modules, function groups can contain global data declarations and subroutines. These are visible to all function modules in the group. They can also contain event blocks for screens in function modules.
    Type K
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    Type J
    •     Type J programs are containers for global interface in ABAP Objects. Type J programs are known as interface definitions and are created in the Class Builder.
    Type I
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    P = SAP standard production program
    K = Customer production program
    S = System program
    T = Test program
    Application
    •     Categorize the program according to the purpose it fulfills.
    4.3     Authority Check
    Authority checks will be carried out as given in the respective FRS’s.
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    •     The first part of an ABAP program is the declaration part for global data, classes, and selection screens. This consists of:
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    •     All selection screen definitions.
    •     All local class definitions (CLASS DEFINITION statement). Local classes are part of ABAP Objects, the object-oriented extension of ABAP.
    •     Declaration statements which occur in procedures (methods, subroutines, function modules) form the declaration part for local data in those processing blocks. This data is only visible within the procedure in which it is declared.
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    2.     Event blocks (no local data area)
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    •     Calling event blocks is different from calling other processing blocks for the following reasons:
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    Example:
    PROCESS AFTER INPUT
       MODULE EXIT_1170 AT EXIT-COMMAND.
       MODULE PAINT_1170.
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    Example:
       PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
       MODULE EXIT_1170 AT EXIT-COMMAND.
       CHAIN.
          FIELD BTCH1170-JOBNAME.
          FIELD BTCH1170-USERNAME.
          FIELD BTCH1170-FROM_DATE.
          FIELD BTCH1170-FROM_TIME.
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    4.6.1     Events
    The Program MUST NOT be coded without the use of Proper Coding blocks
    •     Initializations
    •     Top-of-page during line-selection
    •     At Selection-Screen
    •     At Line-Selection
    •     At User-Command
    •     At Pfn
    •     Start-Of-Selection
    •     Top-Of-Page
    •     Get
    •     End-Of-Page
    •     End-Of-Selection
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    5.1     One command per line
    Each ABAP/4 command consists of a sentence ending with a period. Multiple commands can be on one line; however, as a standard start each new command on a new line. This will allow for easier deleting, commenting, and debugging.
    5.2     Indented Source Code
    The ABAP/4 editor has a "Pretty Printer" command to indent by 2 positions specific lines of code and add subroutine comments. Event keywords are typically not indented.
    5.3     Extended Syntax Check
    Extended Program Check (EPC) to be done on each object to make sure the code is Syntactically correct. There should be no Error/warning messages in the code.
    5.4     Reusability and Modularity
    If a block of code is executed more than once, it should be placed in a subroutine at the bottom of the code. This makes the code more readable, requires less indentation, and is easier to debug since the debugger can jump through an entire subroutine via a PF key. Also, when possible parameters should be passed to and from subroutines to make the purpose easier to understand and reduce the need for global variables. Always document the purpose of each parameter.
    5.5     Text Handling
    Text elements must be used to display any text messages.
    5.6     Usage of System Variables
    The system variables should be used wherever possible. The SY-SUBRC is to be checked after any function call, selection operation, etc.
    5.7     Chaining Statements
    •     Consecutive sentences with an identical beginning shall be combined into a chained statement.
    Example:
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    MOVE SY-MANDT TO D00001-MANDT.
    MOVE SY-LANGU TO D00001-SPRAS.
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    MOVE:
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    •     Includes can also be created for re-usable or common code e.g. common data declaration statements.
    5.9     Dialog Messages
    Dialogue messages are stored in table T100. Programmers shall check to see if an appropriate message exists before adding a new message. Programs shall use the message-id which corresponds to the SAP module that the program most relates to.
    5.10     Function Keys
    PF-keys should be programmed to execute functions where required. SAP Standard function keys should be used where appropriate. The most commonly used buttons should be displayed as pushbuttons in the application toolbar.
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    •     All database objects being processed by a program, for purposes other than for display, shall be enqueued before such processing is executed. If the enqueue is unsuccessful, then a message shall be returned stating why the enqueue was unsuccessful.
    •     Enqueue and Dequeue objects should be created via the data dictionary.
    5.12     Error Handling (SY-SUBRC)
    •     Return codes shall always be checked immediately after an event which returns a code.  
    Eg. Function calls, Select statements, Updates etc.
    •     The value of SY-SUBRC is 0 when successful and generally produces a value of 4 when unsuccessful (there are a few exceptions).
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               IF SY-SUBRC <> 0
    than with
             IF SY-SUBRC = 4  (which is redundant and makes the system do a double check)
    •     Error messages displayed to the user must be clear and descriptive.
    •     Remember to group related / dependant steps together and to Rollback all changes for steps in that group should any one of them fail, thus maintaining the integrity of the system.
    •     Check whether an Error Log, (file), must be produced by your program and if so check on the format of the file.
    •     If any Error Logging is done to a custom table in the database then make sure this table is maintained and monitored correctly. (Dev. Note)
    •     Transaction SE91 provides the facility to create and utilize messages in their appropriate message class. Elaborate on the message if necessary, using the long text documentation for that message number.
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    •     There should be NO hard coding of values in programs – easy maintainability
    •     For amounts, use the CURRENCY command in write statements to automatically convert fields into their correct decimal format. The currency specified in the write statement is treated as a key for the table TCURX. If no entry exists for the currency specified, the system assumes two decimal places.
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    •     Use the ‘LIKE’ statement as often as possible to declare ‘DATA’ variables instead of an explicit ‘TYPE’ declarations.
    •     Try to use the ‘INCLUDE’ statement with standard SAP structures and tables for your structures and internal tables where possible.  If you use the include statement to include other program components in your code then document what those components are, what they do and how to use them.
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    •     Make use of the SAP PATTERN tool to automatically insert the standard code for:
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    •     MESSAGE ID
    •     SELECT*FROM
    •     PERFORM
    •     AUTHORITY-CHECK
    •     WRITE
    •     CASE
    •     CALL DIALOG
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    6.1     General Tips on Performance Tuning
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    Avoid leaving "dead" code in the program. Comment out variables that are not referenced and code that is not executed. To analyze the program, use the Program Analysis function in SE38 -> Utilities -> Program Analysis.
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    For good modularization, the decision of whether or not to execute a subroutine should be made before the subroutine is called.
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    endloop.
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