Re-installing drivers & certain programs - How to do this in Lion?

Question

Re-installing drivers & certain components/programs - How does one do this in Lion?
I believe I know how to do this in Windows, i.e. in Device manager for drivers etc. which can be helpful as often that can cure some problems in windows. However in OS X Lion I am clueless. If there is an easy way of doing this then there's no harm trying and would be a far better solution than the dreaded full system re-installation which is the final straw and the absolute last resort.
I'm in need of some possible solution to help fix the many problems I'm having with both OS X 10.7.3 and my Thunderbolt Display. I wont list them all here, but first of many on the list will be the sound dissapearing from my Thunderbolt Display (with MacBook Pro early 2011 in clamshell mode), this often happens after a resume from 'Sleep' but can happen from a boot and sometimes from other instances. Other problems are Bluetooth connections having trouble, WiFi issues, past backups in Time machine not accessible when attempting to click on them in the 'space time travel window' when you enter Time Machine mode and the list goes on.
Therefore how could one re-install OS X Lion components/programs & drivers? doing this for the MacBook Pro system sound and/or my Thunderbolt Display just maybe could get it working.

Answer 1

As a rule I only post after trying many many possible fixes to the best of my ability. Failing that I then search the forums and can only rely on what the search results return; then based on what the search engine returns I then read other posts, if their problems and issues have not been completely addressed, answered, or any partial resolve they received didn't quite resolve my problem.. then I post to the forum.
This post is asking the question: if and how I could reinstal certain drivers and also if and how to reinstall any relating system components (i.e. like time machine program); just in case they have been corrupted in some way because reparing permisions, verifying disk, checking file structure, checkin B-Tree structure, checking bitmap disk structure, etc and everything else, has not worked. Sometimes, the reinstalling an entire program/app/driver method can often cure some occassional issues encountered in windows, therefore the question here is how to possibly do that. But in anticipation that other members may ask WHY, I have given some mere examples for their reference in the often instance that they may ask and therefore to save time replyng that before maybe being fortunate enough to have a helpful reply that may actually acheive a problem to the solution.
The fact that I have some othere posts which haven't been answered is testiment to the fact that I have exhausted all other possibilities in finding a genuine solution to any problems and they are real issues that haven't been got around to having genuine fix yet therefore no one knows of a solution (but I don't know this until I post and when later no one has an answer). It's also a last resort for me to take the time to draft and then submit a thread as I'm not the best person in the world for writing posts and besides am sadly often hesitant and put off by what can appear at times as occassionaly cold, frosty and familiarly unwelcome reception in some instances where often an issue is too easily dismissed and other advice is given not relating to the problem such as "to limit my post" and "posting again in the right discussion". As explained above, my post is limited to the question of how to possibly re-install drivers/programs in Mac OS X Lion which I thought this discussion board was for, all the rest 'pre-answers' for reference any potential questions of why I would want to do so (as often is the case ) therefore this gives them more info relating to the issue before answering... and secondly as just mentioned, I believed as the question relates to possible procedural operations within OS X Lion operating system (reinstalling system drivers & relevant program components), therefore this discussion board appeared to be appropriate.
Lastly I too was of the opinion and quite proud of the fact that it appeared there are many things that you do not have to do in OS X that unfortunately has to be done from time to time in Windows to cure problems such as reinstalling drivers occassionally; however the problems I'm posting are very real and some/most still currently un-addressed, but I try and remain positive that eventually they can be resolved because I enjoy using them.