Repeated Hard Drive Corruption + Lion + Mountain Lion

Question

About a month ago, I noticed very slow performance (spinning beach ball) etc on my late 2011 MBP (MacBookPro8,2).
I ran Disk Utility > Verify Disk, which advised that my drive needed to be repaired.
I then ran the repair as advised only to be told next that the drive could NOT be repaired and that I should backup as much information as possible.
Alas, the system was rendered useless at that point and I was forced to wiped the drive, reinstall Lion, and recover my data from Time Machine.
I ran disk utility after all of that, and everything was fine.
Within 7 days of doing all of this however, it all happened again...  then again 3 days later.
Suspecting hard drive failure, I took the opportunity to replace the factory installed HDD with an SSD.
I also took the opportunity to replace the memory, increasing the system memory from 8gb to 16gb.
Lastly, I upgraded to Mountain Lion, and upgraded all my software, periodically running Disk Utility along the way to ensure that all was fine.
That was last week.
Yesterday, while using the computer on battery power, and while doing nothing processor intensive, I noticed that that the fan was spinning up to full blast and my battery was being drained as a result. At first, I looked here in the Community for solutions, and found several reports of overhearing and fan issues by Mountain Lion users. I thought therefore that this was related to my recent Mountain Lion upgrade. Perhaps it still is.
However, I ran Disk Utility again as one user here suggested, just to check.
To my shock, the data on the new SSD is now corrupt, see below from Disk Utility.
I ran this from within OS X Mountain Lion, but I get the same thing when I boot from my Mountain Lion USB Stick and run Disk Utility there:
Verifying volume “Macintosh HD”
Checking file systemPerforming live verification.
Checking Journaled HFS Plus volume.
Checking extents overflow file.
Checking catalog file.
Incorrect block count for file Lost_Photos.storedata
(It should be 102 instead of 6480)
Checking multi-linked files.
Checking catalog hierarchy.
Checking extended attributes file.
Checking volume bitmap.
Volume bitmap needs minor repair for orphaned blocks
Checking volume information.
Invalid volume free block count
(It should be 41853982 instead of 41847604)
The volume Macintosh HD was found corrupt and needs to be repaired.
Error: This disk needs to be repaired using the Recovery HD. Restart your computer, holding down the Command key and the R key until you see the Apple logo. When the OS X Utilities window appears, choose Disk Utility.
Based on all previous experiences, I suspect that running Repair will render the machine useless; unable to reboot once again. I'm also concerned about the sudden drop in battery life, the overheating and the resulting fan activity.
Some helpful facts:
1) As I write this my fans are spinning faster than usual, and all I have running is my browser (Firefox)
2) Activity Monitor seems fine to me, nothing out of the ordinary there.
3) I'm using the intel graphics chip (it's set to switch dynamically, but I have tried an app (gfxCardStatus) that tells me for sure what I'm running.
4) On reboot, the moment that my desktop is displayed, the fans spin all the way up. This may be related to the disk issues, but still highly unusual and wasn't happening yesterday morning.
5) Mountain Lion was installed a week ago, all of the necessary indexing that usually happens post upgrade have been done and the machine was running perfectly fine, and quietly until yesterday.
6) Other than running Apple system updates, and actually removing old apps, I haven't made any software changes.
7) I have a 512GB SSD with 379GB free
I am overseas, and therefore unable to visit an Apple Store. I'll have to get my support from this forum.
Your help would be greatly appreciated.

Answer 1

Thanks. I have exactly the same setup as you, including the Crucial M4. Good stuff.
I already had iStatPro installed.
At boot, the fan spins up to full, then slowly spins back down to ~3600 RPM where it remains when completely idle. It never goes below that these days. In the past I wouldn't hear it at all when the system was idle, now I hear it constantly, and the battery drains faster than before.
The temperature right after boot for me is in the 130+ degree ballpark by the time I am able to get to iStat. After the fans kick in at full blast at boot, the temperature comes down to about 101 degress on the CPU. This is with the machine doing virtually nothing.
I was wondering if this spike had anything to do with the installation of the M4, and the fact that the machine now boots far faster than it used to. However, I find it odd that this just started a few days ago, and days after I installed the SSD.
Thanks for responding.