Same photo in more than one catalog - what happens?

What happens if you have the same photo in more than one catalog?
Background: I'm using a 4yr old 13" MacBook and my Lightroom is getting rather slow, on some pictures unusable.  At the same time my lrcat files are growing rather fast.  Probably due to my current work on some old scanned slides which require quite a lot of spot removal (last 3 photos worked on increased the lrcat file by 250mb) and each time Lightroom became virtually unusable.  I will be upgrading the computer but it wont be for a few months yet.  On one of the last slides I ended up with a "Oops! An untagged string (history step does not belong to instance) got thrown far enough that we display it to the user. This shouldn't happen.".
So I'm looking at splitting my catalog into two or more seperate catalogs.  But I have some galleries which contain photos from what would cross "sensible" splits of catalog so I thought about having the same photo in both catalogs where necessary.
My Lightroom is set to include metadata in XMP (probably making the performance worse).  I had intended to split catalogs using "export to catalog".
Does the photo in each catalog have it's own develop "fork" ? (i.e. does the metadata include catalog tags) ?  Or will changes made to the photo in one catalog automatically upadate the next catalog (or overwrite changes made in the other catalog), etc.?  Only a single computer, no network/sharing issues, nothing on exchangable/removable disk drives.
I could experiment but after quite some time the other day resolving the "history step does not belong to instance") I am treating my catalog with great care.
(I have does a search for the question so will be very embarassed/appologetic if somebody says "Read www.adobe.com/.....").
Many thanks

For some reason photos were scanned in as jpegs.  They end-up at around 16-19MB each.  Reasons for that are historical.  I am applying spot corrections in Photoshop in a new layer, then merging layers when everyting is done OK to save (saving as PSD gave a massive file size).  I will try saving as tiff.  Personally I hate JPEGs but was never too concerned about the scans in LR as LR is never resaving the image (non-destructive editing).  I may easily upgrade to CS6 (upgrade is <£200 on Amazon), but being non-professional, fuds are not unlimited (particularly with new computer coming soon!!).
So weird effect is with jpegs around 16MB after Photoshop edits.  It is completely reproducable (i.e. has happened exactly the same of every photo done via this route).  The surprising thing is that exiting and restarting LR stops the weird effect.
Adding 2 and 2 together to get 22, I wonder if, as I have "Write Metadata to XMP ..." enabled, if LR has a watch on the file for changes after switching to external editor (i.e. to detect when external editor saved changes so LR updates from the file) and that that "watch for change" is not cancelled after exiting the external editor - maybe because LR cannot know if external editing is compketed (even though exitng Photoshop does not stop the effect).  Then, when LR writes to the file (to update the XMP data) it "detects" the change it causd itself and hence the reload.  If I change the Catalog Settings to disable the "Include develop settings in JPEG ..." and disable the "Save XMP Data ...", the effect goes away and if I re-enable those catalog options the effect returns.
I will try saving as tiff in future now I'm really re-saving the image.
Many thanks

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