SCOM-Difference between Problem Count and Event Count in Application Failure Analysis Report

Dear All, 
Could someone explain me clearly , the difference between  Problem Count and
Event Count in Application Failure Analysis  Report. Please help me in understanding What is meant be problem and event in the report .
Thanks in Advance.
Regards,
Rajesh Kumar C

Hello Rajesh,
The "problem" is the logically grouped set of the exception events which have the identical hash calculated over several fields as "Stack", "Source", "Failed Function" and so on... So, even if exceptions are different
in the other properties but hash matches over the considered properties - then all those exceptions go into the same "problem group".
So, event is an instance of the problem. One event contributes to one problem but one problem might have a huge event count if you have a repeating issue.
The logic is similar for the performance analysis report, only fields that go into the "problem" hash are different. e.g. "Stack" is not used in hash for perf events...
Dmitry Matveev

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    Comments
    Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
    PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
    WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
    LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
    TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
    PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
    DECLARATIONS *
    DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
    NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
    PROCESSING BLOCKS *
    Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
    ABAP OBJECTS
    Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
    ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
    ABAP Statements – an Overview
    The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
    Declarative Statements
    These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
    Examples of declarative keywords:
    TYPES, DATA, TABLES
    Modularization Statements
    These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
    The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
    · Defining keywords
    You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
    Examples of definitive keywords:
    METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
    · Event keywords
    You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
    Examples of event key words:
    AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
    Control Statements
    You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
    Examples of control keywords:
    IF, WHILE, CASE
    Call Statements
    You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
    Examples of call keywords:
    CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
    Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
    Examples of operational keywords:
    MOVE, ADD
    Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
    Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
    Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
    Internal Tables as Data Types
    Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
    Line type
    The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
    Key
    The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
    If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
    The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
    Table type
    The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
    Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
    Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
    Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
    Generic Internal Tables
    Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
    Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
    Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
    Choosing a Table Type
    The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
    Standard tables
    This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
    Sorted tables
    This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
    Hashed tables
    This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
    Advanced Topics
    Batch Input: Concepts
    Processing Sessions
    The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
    A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
    For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
    Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
    ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
    Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
    Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
    Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
    Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
    Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
    Considerable Aspects
    It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
    Dynpro persistence
    When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
    The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
    Memory Cache
    It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
    Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
    Interfaces
    It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
    One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
    A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
    Example
    'From SAP NetWeaver:'
    set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
    IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
    IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
    ( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
    CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
    EXPORTING
    obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
    obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
    EXCEPTIONS
    foreign_lock = 1
    system_failure = 2
    OTHERS = 3.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    terminate processing...
    lf_bapi_error = true.—
    ...and add message to return table
    PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
    USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
    sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
    gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
    CHANGING lt_return.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF. " bapi error
    Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
    REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
    *Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
    *table
    *data definition
    tables:
    marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
    Data to be displayed in ALV
    Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
    matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
    Data:
    begin of imat occurs 100,
    matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
    maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
    matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
    " intermediate sums)
    ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
    "make sums)
    gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
    end of imat.
    Other data needed
    field to store report name
    data i_repid like sy-repid.
    field to check table length
    data i_lines like sy-tabix.
    Data for ALV display
    TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
    data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
    select-options:
    s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
    start-of-selection.
    read data into table imat
    select * from marav
    into corresponding fields of table imat
    where
    matnr in s_matnr.
    Check if material was found
    clear i_lines.
    describe table imat lines i_lines.
    if i_lines lt 1.
    Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
    write: /
    'No materials found.'.
    exit.
    endif.
    end-of-selection.
    To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
    The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
    'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
    report source, including this report.
    Store report name
    i_repid = sy-repid.
    Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
    CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
    EXPORTING
    I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
    I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
    I_INCLNAME = i_repid
    CHANGING
    CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
    EXCEPTIONS
    INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
    PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
    OTHERS = 3.
    *explanations:
    I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
    I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
    to display in ALV
    I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
    (DATA....)
    CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
    ALV display
    IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    write: /
    'Returncode',
    sy-subrc,
    'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
    ENDIF.
    *This was the fieldcatlogue
    Call for ALV list display
    CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
    I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
    IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
    TABLES
    T_OUTTAB = imat
    EXCEPTIONS
    PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
    OTHERS = 2.
    *explanations:
    I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
    IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
    now the data definition needed for display
    I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
    T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
    IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    write: /
    'Returncode',
    sy-subrc,
    'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
    ENDIF.
    OOPs ABAP uses Classes and Interfaces which uses Methods and events.
    If you have Java skills it is advantage for you.
    There are Local classes as well as Global Classes.
    Local classes we can work in SE38 straight away.
    But mostly it is better to use the Global classes.
    Global Classes or Interfaces are to be created in SE24.
    SAP already given some predefined classes and Interfaces.
    This OOPS concepts very useful for writing BADI's also.
    So first create a class in SE 24.
    Define attributes, Methods for that class.
    Define parameters for that Method.
    You can define event handlers also to handle the messages.
    After creation in each method write the code.
    Methods are similar to ABAP PERFORM -FORM statements.
    After the creation of CLass and methods come to SE38 and create the program.
    In the program create a object type ref to that class and with the help of that Object call the methods of that Class and display the data.
    Regards
    Anji

  • Question about main difference between Java bean and Java class in JSP

    Hi All,
    I am new to Java Bean and wonder what is the main difference to use a Bean or an Object in the jsp. I have search on the forum and find some post also asking the question but still answer my doubt. Indeed, what is the real advantage of using bean in jsp.
    Let me give an example to illustrate my question:
    <code>
    <%@ page errorPage="errorpage.jsp" %>
    <%@ page import="ShoppingCart" %>
    <!-- Instantiate the Counter bean with an id of "counter" -->
    <jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="ShoppingCart" />
    <html>
    <head><title>Shopping Cart</title></head>
    <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    Your cart's ID is: <%=cart.getId()%>.
    </body>
    <html>
    </code>
    In the above code, I can also create a object of ShoppingCart by new operator then get the id at the following way.
    <code>
    <%
    ShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart();
    out.println(cart.getId());
    %>
    </code>
    Now my question is what is the difference between the two method? As in my mind, a normal class can also have it setter and getter methods for its properties. But someone may say that, there is a scope="session", which can be declared in an normal object. It may be a point but it can be easily solved but putting the object in session by "session.setAttribute("cart", cart)".
    I have been searching on this issue on the internet for a long time and most of them just say someting like "persistance of state", "bean follow some conventions of naming", "bean must implement ser" and so on. All of above can be solved by other means, for example, a normal class can also follow the convention. I am really get confused with it, and really want to know what is the main point(s) of using the java bean.
    Any help will be highly apprecaited. Thanks!!!
    Best Regards,
    Alex

    Hi All,
    I am new to Java Bean and wonder what is the main
    difference to use a Bean or an Object in the jsp. The first thing to realize is that JavaBeans are just Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs) that follow a specific set of semantics (get/set methods, etc...). So what is the difference between a Bean and an Object? Nothing.
    <jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="ShoppingCart" />
    In the above code, I can also create a object of
    ShoppingCart by new operator then get the id at the
    following way.
    ShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart();
    out.println(cart.getId());
    ...Sure you could. And if the Cart was in a package (it has to be) you also need to put an import statement in. Oh, and to make sure the object is accessable in the same scope, you have to put it into the PageContext scope. And to totally equal, you first check to see if that object already exists in scope. So to get the equivalant of this:
    <jsp:useBean id="cart" class="my.pack.ShoppingCart"/>Then your scriptlet looks like this:
    <%@ page import="my.pack.ShoppingCart %>
    <%
      ShoppingCart cart = pageContext.getAttribute("cart");
      if (cart == null) {
        cart = new ShoppingCart();
        pageContext.setAttribute("cart", cart);
    %>So it is a lot more work.
    As in my mind, a normal class can also
    have it setter and getter methods for its properties.True ... See below.
    But someone may say that, there is a scope="session",
    which can be declared in an normal object.As long as the object is serializeable, yes.
    It may be
    a point but it can be easily solved but putting the
    object in session by "session.setAttribute("cart",
    cart)".Possible, but if the object isn't serializable it can be unsafe. As the point I mentioned above, the useBean tag allows you to check if the bean exists already, and use that, or make a new one if it does not yet exist in one line. A lot easier than the code you need to use otherwise.
    I have been searching on this issue on the internet
    for a long time and most of them just say someting
    like "persistance of state", "bean follow some
    conventions of naming", "bean must implement ser" and
    so on. Right, that would go along the lines of the definition of what a JavaBean is.
    All of above can be solved by other means, for
    example, a normal class can also follow the
    convention. And if it does - then it is a JavaBean! A JavaBean is any Object whose class definition would include all of the following:
    1) A public, no-argument constructor
    2) Implements Serializeable
    3) Properties are revealed through public mutator methods (void return type, start with 'set' have a single Object parameter list) and public accessor methods (Object return type, void parameter list, begin with 'get').
    4) Contain any necessary event handling methods. Depending on the purpose of the bean, you may include event handlers for when the properties change.
    I am really get confused with it, and
    really want to know what is the main point(s) of
    using the java bean.JavaBeans are normal objects that follow these conventions. Because they do, then you can access them through simplified means. For example, One way of having an object in session that contains data I want to print our might be:
    <%@ page import="my.pack.ShoppingCart %>
    <%
      ShoppingCart cart = session.getAttribute("cart");
      if (cart == null) {
        cart = new ShoppingCart();
        session.setAttribute("cart", cart);
    %>Then later where I want to print a total:
    <% out.print(cart.getTotal() %>Or, if the cart is a JavaBean I could do this:
    <jsp:useBean id="cart" class="my.pack.ShoppingCart" scope="session"/>
    Then later on:
    <jsp:getProperty name="cart" property="total"/>
    Or perhaps I want to set some properties on the object that I get off of the URL's parameter group. I could do this:
    <%
      ShoppingCart cart = session.getAttribute("cart");
      if (cart == null) {
        cart = new ShoppingCart();
        cart.setCreditCard(request.getParameter("creditCard"));
        cart.setFirstName(request.getParameter("firstName"));
        cart.setLastName(request.getParameter("lastName"));
        cart.setBillingAddress1(request.getParameter("billingAddress1"));
        cart.setBillingAddress2(request.getParameter("billingAddress2"));
        cart.setZipCode(request.getParameter("zipCode"));
        cart.setRegion(request.getParameter("region"));
        cart.setCountry(request.getParameter("country"));
        pageContext.setAttribute("cart", cart);
        session.setAttribute("cart", cart);
      }Or you could use:
    <jsp:useBean id="cart" class="my.pack.ShoppingCart" scope="session">
      <jsp:setProperty name="cart" property="*"/>
    </jsp:useBean>The second seems easier to me.
    It also allows you to use your objects in more varied cases - for example, JSTL (the standard tag libraries) and EL (expression language) only work with JavaBeans (objects that follow the JavaBeans conventions) because they expect objects to have the no-arg constuctor, and properties accessed/changed via getXXX and setXXX methods.
    >
    Any help will be highly apprecaited. Thanks!!!
    Best Regards,
    Alex

  • Difference between Session method and call transaction

    Hi,
    please give me the differences between session method and call transaction,
    briefly explaining synchronus , asynchronus, process, update.
    Thanks in advance

    Hi Vijay Kumar
    CLASSICAL BATCH INPUT (Session Method)
    CALL TRANSACTION
    BATCH INPUT METHOD:
    This method is also called as ‘CLASSICAL METHOD’.
    Features:
    Asynchronous processing.
    Synchronous Processing in database update.
    Transfer data for more than one transaction.
    Batch input processing log will be generated.
    During processing, no transaction is started until the previous transaction has been written to the database.
    CALL TRANSACTION METHOD :
    This is another method to transfer data from the legacy system.
    Features:
    Synchronous processing. The system performs a database commit immediately before and after the CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
    Updating the database can be either synchronous or asynchronous. The program specifies the update type.
    Transfer data for a single transaction.
    Transfers data for a sequence of dialog screens.
    No batch input processing log is generated.
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
    Among the two methods call transaction is better compared to session bcoz data transfer is faster in it.
    Differences between call transaction and session.
    Session Method:
    1) Data is not updated in the database table until the session is processed.
    2) No sy-subrc is returned.
    3) Error log is created for error records.
    4) Updation is always synchronous.
    Call Transaction Method:
    1) Immediate updation in the database table.
    2) sy-subrc is returned.
    3)Error need to be handled explicitly.
    4) updation can be synchronous as well as asynchronous.
    2) ya u can use using the N mode no screen.
    3)u can't handle multiple transaction in call transaction.
    4) u can handle multiple transaction in session using the BDC_INSERT fm.
    5)When u go to SM35 u can able to see the error records.
    Which is best?
    That depends on your requirement. Both of them have there advantages.
    According to the situation u can choose any one of these.
    difference between batch input and call transaction in BDC Session method.
    1) synchronous processing.
    2) can tranfer large amount of data.
    3) processing is slower.
    4) error log is created
    5) data is not updated until session is processed.
    Call transaction.
    1) asynchronous processing
    2) can transfer small amount of data
    3) processing is faster.
    4) errors need to be handled explicitly
    5) data is updated automatically
    For session method,these are the function modules to b used.
    BDC_OPEN_GROUP
    BDC_INSERT
    BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
    For call transaction,this is the syntax.
    CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA
    MODE A or E or N
    UPDATE A or S
    MESSAGES INTO MESSTAB.
    Take a scenario where we need to post documents in FB01 and the input file has say 2000 records (2000 documents, not line items in FB01 but 2000 records)
    In the BDC call transaction method
    We call the transaction FB01 2000 times (once for each record posting) and if the processing fails in record no 3 it can be captured and start with reocord 4.
    Eg: Loop at itab.
    call transaction FB01
    capture errors
    endloop.
    In the session method.
    We do not explicity call the transaction 2000 times, but all the records are appeneded into a session and this session is stored. The processinf of the session is done wwhenever the user wants it to be done. Hence the errors cannot be captured in the program itself
    Check these link:
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
    http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
    http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
    Batch Input Session method is asynchronous as told by others here. But the advantage of this is that you have all the error messages and the data for each transaction held persistantly. You don't have to code anything for processing them or writing the logs.
    But at the same time, the same feature can be disadvantageous if you need to react to an error or if there are too many errors to manually correct in a session. Since the session are created in the program and its execution is done seperately, you loose the trackability of such transactions.
    With a call transaction, what was a disadvantage above will become an advantage. Call transaction immediately gives you messages back and you can react to it in your program. But the disadvantage is that, if you have several hundreds of transactions to run, running them from within the program can be resource crunching affair. It will hamper the system performance and you cannot really distribute the load. Of course, you have some mechanisms with which you can overcome this, but you will have to code for it. Also, storing the messages and storing the errored transaction data etc will have to be handled by you in the program. Whereas, in batch input session, your program's job is to just create the session, after that everything is standard SAP system's responsibility.
    Ideally, you should do a call transaction if the resources are not a problem and if it fails, put the errored transaction into a session.
    You can decide based on the data volume that your BDC is processing. If data volume is high go for session else call transaction will do.The call transaction updates will be instantaneous where as session needs to be processed explictly after creation.
    Session Method
    1) Session method supports both small amount of data aswell as large amount of data
    2) data processing is asynchronus and data updation is synchronus.
    3) it process multiple apllication while perfomaning validations.
    4) in session method data will be updated in data base only after processing session only.
    5) system provide by default logfile for handling error records.
    6) it supports both foreground aswell as background process
    in bdc we use FM ...
    bdc_open_group " for creating Session
    bdc_insert " adding transaction and bdcdata table for updating database
    bdc_close_group " for closing Session
    Call Transaction
    1) Call transaction exclusively for small amout of data
    2) it supports only one apllication while perfoming validations
    3) there is no default logfile, We can explicitly provide logic for creating logfile for handling error records.
    we can create logfile by using structure....BDCMSGCOLL
    4) it doesn't support background processing.
    5) data processing is synchronous and Data updation is Synchronous( default), in
    this method also supports daya updation in asynchronus process also.
    syntax:
    Call transaction <transaction-name> using BDCDATA
    mode <A/N/E>
    update <L/A/S>
    messages into BDCMSGCOLL.
    BDC:
    Batch Data Communication (BDC) is the process of transferring data from one SAP System to another SAP system or from a non-SAP system to SAP System.
    Features :
    BDC is an automatic procedure.
    This method is used to transfer large amount of data that is available in electronic medium.
    BDC can be used primarily when installing the SAP system and when transferring data from a legacy system (external system).
    BDC uses normal transaction codes to transfer data.
    Types of BDC :
    CLASSICAL BATCH INPUT (Session Method)
    CALL TRANSACTION
    BATCH INPUT METHOD:
    This method is also called as ‘CLASSICAL METHOD’.
    Features:
    Asynchronous processing.
    Synchronous Processing in database update.
    Transfer data for more than one transaction.
    Batch input processing log will be generated.
    During processing, no transaction is started until the previous transaction has been written to the database.
    CALL TRANSACTION METHOD :
    This is another method to transfer data from the legacy system.
    Features:
    Synchronous processing. The system performs a database commit immediately before and after the CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
    Updating the database can be either synchronous or asynchronous. The program specifies the update type.
    Transfer data for a single transaction.
    Transfers data for a sequence of dialog screens.
    No batch input processing log is generated.
    For BDC:
    http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
    http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
    http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
    Check these link:
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
    http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
    http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
    call Transaction or session method ?
    Check the following links:
    http://www.sap-img.com/bdc.htm
    See below example code :
    Call three FM : BDC_OPEN_GROUP,BDC_INSERT and BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.
    Once you execute the program and it creates the session at SM35 Transaction.
    Report : ZMPPC011
    Type : Data upload
    Author : Chetan Shah
    Date : 05/05/2005
    Transport : DV3K919557
    Transaction: ??
    Description: This ABAP/4 Program creates new Production Versions
    (C223). It accepts tab-delimited spreadsheet input and
    creates BDC sessions.
    Modification Log
    Date Programmer Request # Description
    06/10/2005 Chetan Shah DV3K919557 Initial coding
    report zmppc011 no standard page heading line-size 120 line-count 55
    message-id zz.
    pool of form routines
    include zmppn001.
    Define BDC Table Structure
    data: begin of itab_bdc_tab occurs 0.
    include structure bdcdata.
    data: end of itab_bdc_tab.
    Input record layout of Leagcy File
    data: begin of itab_xcel occurs 0,
    matnr(18) type c,
    werks(4) type c,
    alnag(2) type c,
    verid(4) type c,
    text1(40) type c,
    bstmi like mkal-bstmi,
    bstma like mkal-bstma,
    adatu(10) type c,
    bdatu(10) type c,
    stlal(2) type c,
    stlan(1) type c,
    serkz(1) type c,
    mdv01(8) type c,
    elpro(4) type c,
    alort(4) type c,
    end of itab_xcel.
    data: begin of lt_pp04_cache occurs 0,
    matnr like itab_xcel-matnr,
    werks like itab_xcel-werks,
    alnag like itab_xcel-alnag,
    plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
    arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
    ktext like crtx-ktext,
    end of lt_pp04_cache.
    data: v_ssnnr(4) type n,
    v_lines_in_xcel like sy-tabix,
    v_ssnname like apqi-groupid,
    v_trans_in_ssn type i,
    wa_xcel LIKE itab_xcel,
    l_tabix like sy-tabix,
    v_matnr like rc27m-matnr,
    v_plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
    v_plnal like mapl-plnal,
    v_tcode like sy-tcode value 'C223',
    v_plnty like plas-plnty value 'R',
    v_objty like crhd-objty value 'A',
    v_plpo_steus like plpo-steus value 'PP04',
    v_verwe like crhd-verwe value '0007'.
    Parameters
    selection-screen: skip 3.
    selection-screen: begin of block 1 with frame.
    parameters: p_name like rlgrap-filename
    default 'C:\My Documents\InputFile.txt'
    obligatory,
    bdc session name prefix
    p_bdcpfx(6) default 'ZPVCRT'
    obligatory,
    number for transction per BDC session
    p_trnssn type i
    default 2000 obligatory,
    retain the BDC session after successfull execution
    p_keep like apqi-qerase
    default 'X',
    user who will be executing BDC session
    p_uname like apqi-userid
    default sy-uname
    obligatory.
    selection-screen: end of block 1.
    possible entry list (F4 dropdown) for input file name
    at selection-screen on value-request for p_name.
    *-SELECT FILE FROM USERS LOCAL PC
    call function 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
    exporting
    DEF_FILENAME = ' '
    def_path = 'C:\Temp\'
    mask = ',.,..'
    mode = 'O'
    title = 'Select File '(007)
    importing
    filename = p_name
    RC =
    exceptions
    inv_winsys = 1
    no_batch = 2
    selection_cancel = 3
    selection_error = 4
    others = 5.
    if sy-subrc 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
    WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
    endif.
    begin the show
    start-of-selection.
    read data from input file
    perform transfer_xcel_to_itab.
    loop at itab_xcel.
    hang on to xcel line num
    l_tabix = sy-tabix.
    each line in the xcel file marks begining of new prod.version defn
    if num-of-trnas-in-session = 0, create new BDC session
    if v_trans_in_ssn is initial.
    perform bdc_session_open.
    endif.
    begin new bdc script for rtg create trans
    fill in bdc-data for prod.version maintenance screens
    perform bdc_build_script.
    insert the bdc script as a BDC transaction
    perform bdc_submit_transaction.
    keep track of how many BDC transactions were inserted in the BDC
    session
    add 1 to v_trans_in_ssn.
    if the user-specified num of trans in BDC session is reached OR
    if end of input file is reached, close the BDC session
    if v_trans_in_ssn = p_trnssn or
    l_tabix = v_lines_in_xcel.
    perform bdc_session_close.
    clear v_trans_in_ssn.
    endif.
    endloop.
    top-of-page.
    call function 'Z_HEADER'
    EXPORTING
    FLEX_TEXT1 =
    FLEX_TEXT2 =
    FLEX_TEXT3 =
    FORM TRANSFER_XCEL_TO_ITAB *
    Transfer Xcel Spreadsheet to SAP Internal Table *
    form transfer_xcel_to_itab.
    Read the tab-delimited file into itab
    call function 'WS_UPLOAD'
    exporting
    filename = p_name
    filetype = 'DAT'
    IMPORTING
    filelength = flength
    tables
    data_tab = itab_xcel
    exceptions
    conversion_error = 1
    file_open_error = 2
    file_read_error = 3
    invalid_table_width = 4
    invalid_type = 5
    no_batch = 6
    unknown_error = 7
    others = 8.
    if sy-subrc = 0.
    sort the data
    sort itab_xcel by matnr werks.
    clear v_lines_in_xcel.
    if no data in the file - error out
    describe table itab_xcel lines v_lines_in_xcel.
    if v_lines_in_xcel is initial.
    write: / 'No data in input file'.
    stop.
    endif.
    else.
    if file upload failed - error out
    write: / 'Error reading input file'.
    stop.
    endif.
    endform.
    FORM BDC_SESSION_OPEN *
    Open BDC Session *
    form bdc_session_open.
    create bdc session name = prefix-from-selectn-screen + nnnn
    add 1 to v_ssnnr.
    concatenate p_bdcpfx v_ssnnr into v_ssnname.
    open new bdc session
    call function 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP'
    exporting
    client = sy-mandt
    group = v_ssnname
    keep = p_keep
    user = p_uname
    exceptions
    client_invalid = 1
    destination_invalid = 2
    group_invalid = 3
    group_is_locked = 4
    holddate_invalid = 5
    internal_error = 6
    queue_error = 7
    running = 8
    system_lock_error = 9
    user_invalid = 10
    others = 11.
    endform.
    FORM BDC_BUILD_SCRIPT *
    Build BDC *
    form bdc_build_script.
    data: l_arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
    l_text1 like mkal-text1,
    l_mdv01 like mkal-mdv01,
    l_mapl like mapl.
    clear bdc-data itab - begin of new bdc transaction
    clear itab_bdc_tab.
    refresh itab_bdc_tab.
    read material cross reference tables to determine sap part#
    clear : v_matnr, v_plnnr, v_plnal.
    perform read_matnr_cross_ref using itab_xcel-matnr
    itab_xcel-werks
    changing v_matnr.
    determine the version description to use
    if itab_xcel-text1 is initial.
    l_text1 = itab_xcel-verid.
    else.
    l_text1 = itab_xcel-text1.
    endif.
    determine the routing group# and group ctr# to use
    perform read_routing .
    determine the production line to use
    if itab_xcel-mdv01 is initial.
    if not provided in the file then:
    prod line = work ctr on the last PP04 op of the rtg determined above
    perform read_wc_on_last_pp04 using v_plnnr v_plnal
    changing l_mdv01.
    NOTE: when executing the above form\routine, if v_plnnr is initial
    or v_plnal is initial, THEN l_mdv01 will automatically be
    returned blank (ie initial)
    else.
    l_mdv01 = itab_xcel-mdv01.
    endif.
    build bdc script
    perform bdc_build_script_record
    fill in initial screen
    using: 'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
    ' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=ENTE',
    ' ' 'MKAL-WERKS' itab_xcel-werks,
    ' ' 'MKAL-MATNR' v_matnr,
    ' ' 'MKAL_ADMIN-DISPO' space,
    ' ' 'MKAL-PLNNR' space,
    ' ' 'MKAL_ADMIN-STTAG' space,
    ' ' 'MKAL-PLNNG' space,
    ' ' 'MKAL-MDV01' space,
    ' ' 'MKAL-PLNNM' space,
    click create button on initial screen and go to detail screen
    'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
    ' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=CREA',
    fill in the detail screen and go back to initial screen
    'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '2000',
    ' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=CLOS',
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-MATNR' v_matnr,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-VERID' itab_xcel-verid,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-TEXT1' l_text1,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BSTMI' itab_xcel-bstmi,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BSTMA' itab_xcel-bstma,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ADATU' itab_xcel-adatu,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BDATU' itab_xcel-bdatu,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-PLTYG' v_plnty,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-PLNNG' v_plnnr,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ALNAG' v_plnal,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-STLAL' itab_xcel-stlal,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-STLAN' itab_xcel-stlan,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-SERKZ' itab_xcel-serkz,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-MDV01' l_mdv01,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ELPRO' itab_xcel-elpro,
    ' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ALORT' itab_xcel-alort,
    save the production version from initial screen
    'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
    ' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=SAVE'.
    endform.
    FORM BDC_SUBMIT_TRANSACTION *
    Submit BDC Session *
    form bdc_submit_transaction.
    Load BDC script as a trqansction in BDC session
    call function 'BDC_INSERT'
    exporting
    tcode = v_tcode
    tables
    dynprotab = itab_bdc_tab
    exceptions
    internal_error = 01
    not_open = 02
    queue_error = 03
    tcode_invalid = 04.
    endform.
    FORM BDC_BUILD_SCRIPT_RECORD *
    form bdc_build_script_record using dynbegin name value.
    clear itab_bdc_tab.
    if dynbegin = 'X'.
    move: name to itab_bdc_tab-program,
    value to itab_bdc_tab-dynpro,
    'X' to itab_bdc_tab-dynbegin.
    else.
    move: name to itab_bdc_tab-fnam,
    value to itab_bdc_tab-fval.
    shift itab_bdc_tab-fval left deleting leading space.
    endif.
    append itab_bdc_tab.
    endform.
    FORM BDC_SESSION_CLOSE *
    Close BDC Session *
    form bdc_session_close.
    close the session
    call function 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP'
    exceptions
    not_open = 1
    queue_error = 2
    others = 3.
    skip 2.
    if sy-subrc ne 0.
    write: / 'Error Closing BDC Session ' , 'RETURN CODE: ', sy-subrc.
    else.
    write : / 'Session created:', v_ssnname,
    50 '# of transactions:', v_trans_in_ssn.
    endif.
    endform.
    *& Form read_routing_cache
    *FORM read_routing_cache USING pi_matnr
    pi_werks
    pi_alnag
    pi_verid
    pi_mdv01.
    DATA: BEGIN OF lt_plpo OCCURS 0,
    vornr LIKE plpo-vornr,
    objty LIKE crhd-objty,
    objid LIKE crhd-objid,
    arbpl LIKE crhd-arbpl,
    END OF lt_plpo,
    l_mapl_plnnr LIKE mapl-plnnr.
    determine the routing group#
    CLEAR lt_pp04_cache.
    chk if its in the cache first, if not then get it from MAPL table
    and put it in the cache
    READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
    werks = pi_werks
    alnag = pi_alnag.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
    do nothing - lt_pp04_cache header line has rtg#
    ELSE.
    get the routing group # from MAPL
    SELECT plnnr INTO l_mapl_plnnr
    FROM mapl UP TO 1 ROWS
    WHERE matnr = pi_matnr AND
    werks = pi_werks AND
    plnty = 'R' AND
    plnal = pi_alnag AND
    loekz = space.
    ENDSELECT.
    put it in the cache internal table
    IF NOT l_mapl_plnnr IS INITIAL.
    lt_pp04_cache-matnr = pi_matnr.
    lt_pp04_cache-werks = pi_werks.
    lt_pp04_cache-alnag = pi_alnag.
    lt_pp04_cache-plnnr = l_mapl_plnnr.
    APPEND lt_pp04_cache.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF.
    if the rtg# was determined AND
    -- the work center was not determined yet AND
    -- work center was really needed for this line in the input file
    then
    -- read the work center from last PP04 operation on the routing
    -- update the cache accordingly
    IF NOT lt_pp04_cache-plnnr IS INITIAL AND
    lt_pp04_cache-arbpl IS INITIAL AND
    ( pi_verid IS INITIAL OR
    pi_mdv01 IS INITIAL ).
    read the last PP04 operation
    CLEAR lt_plpo.
    REFRESH lt_plpo.
    SELECT vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
    INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE lt_plpo
    FROM plas AS b
    INNER JOIN plpo AS c
    ON bplnty = cplnty AND
    bplnnr = cplnnr AND
    bzaehl = czaehl
    INNER JOIN crhd AS e
    ON carbid = eobjid
    WHERE b~plnty = v_plnty AND
    b~plnnr = lt_pp04_cache-plnnr AND
    b~plnal = lt_pp04_cache-alnag AND
    c~loekz = space AND
    c~steus = v_plpo_steus AND
    e~objty = v_objty AND
    e~werks = lt_pp04_cache-werks AND
    e~verwe = v_verwe.
    SORT lt_plpo BY vornr DESCENDING.
    READ TABLE lt_plpo INDEX 1.
    IF NOT lt_plpo-arbpl IS INITIAL.
    lt_pp04_cache-arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
    read work center description
    SELECT SINGLE ktext INTO lt_pp04_cache-ktext
    FROM crtx WHERE objty = lt_plpo-objty AND
    objid = lt_plpo-objid AND
    spras = sy-langu.
    the following read will get the index of the correct record to be
    updated in the cache
    READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache
    WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
    werks = pi_werks
    alnag = pi_alnag.
    MODIFY lt_pp04_cache
    INDEX sy-tabix
    TRANSPORTING arbpl ktext.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF.
    *ENDFORM. " read_last_pp04_operation_cache
    *& Form read_routing
    form read_routing.
    data: begin of lt_mapl occurs 0,
    plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
    plnal like mapl-plnal,
    end of lt_mapl,
    l_arbpl like crhd-arbpl.
    get all the rtg# and grp ctr# from MAPL
    select plnnr plnal
    into corresponding fields of table lt_mapl
    from mapl
    where matnr = v_matnr and
    werks = itab_xcel-werks and
    plnty = v_plnty and "Rate Routing
    loekz = space. "with del flag = OFF
    sort lt_mapl by plnal.
    if not itab_xcel-verid is initial.
    if the verid=0001 then use the 1st good rtg-grp# and grp-ctr#
    if itab_xcel-verid = '0001'.
    read table lt_mapl index 1.
    v_plnnr = lt_mapl-plnnr.
    v_plnal = lt_mapl-plnal.
    else.
    if the verid0001 then use the rtg-grp# and grp-ctr# of the routing
    whose work center on the last PP04 operation matches the given verid
    loop at lt_mapl.
    clear l_arbpl.
    get the work center from the last PP04 operation
    perform read_wc_on_last_pp04 using lt_mapl-plnnr
    lt_mapl-plnal
    changing l_arbpl.
    if itab_xcel-verid = l_arbpl.
    v_plnnr = lt_mapl-plnnr.
    v_plnal = lt_mapl-plnal.
    exit.
    endif.
    endloop.
    endif.
    else.
    do nothing
    endif.
    For version IDs that are other then '0000' or 'ZWIP' :--
    if itab_xcel-verid NE '0000' and
    itab_xcel-verid NE 'ZWIP'.
    if routing group# or group counter was not determined, make the
    valid-to date 99/99/9999 so that the BDC, on execution, errors out.
    if v_plnnr is initial or
    v_plnal is initial.
    itab_xcel-bdatu = '99/99/9999'.
    endif.
    endif.
    determine the routing group#
    CLEAR lt_pp04_cache.
    chk if its in the cache first, if not then get it from MAPL table
    and put it in the cache
    READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
    werks = pi_werks
    alnag = pi_alnag.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
    do nothing - lt_pp04_cache header line has rtg#
    ELSE.
    get the routing group # from MAPL
    put it in the cache internal table
    IF NOT l_mapl_plnnr IS INITIAL.
    lt_pp04_cache-matnr = pi_matnr.
    lt_pp04_cache-werks = pi_werks.
    lt_pp04_cache-alnag = pi_alnag.
    lt_pp04_cache-plnnr = l_mapl_plnnr.
    APPEND lt_pp04_cache.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF.
    if the rtg# was determined AND
    -- the work center was not determined yet AND
    -- work center was really needed for this line in the input file
    then
    -- read the work center from last PP04 operation on the routing
    -- update the cache accordingly
    IF NOT lt_pp04_cache-plnnr IS INITIAL AND
    lt_pp04_cache-arbpl IS INITIAL AND
    ( pi_verid IS INITIAL OR
    pi_mdv01 IS INITIAL ).
    read the last PP04 operation
    CLEAR lt_plpo.
    REFRESH lt_plpo.
    SELECT vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
    INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE lt_plpo
    FROM plas AS b
    INNER JOIN plpo AS c
    ON bplnty = cplnty AND
    bplnnr = cplnnr AND
    bzaehl = czaehl
    INNER JOIN crhd AS e
    ON carbid = eobjid
    WHERE b~plnty = v_plnty AND
    b~plnnr = lt_pp04_cache-plnnr AND
    b~plnal = lt_pp04_cache-alnag AND
    c~loekz = space AND
    c~steus = v_plpo_steus AND
    e~objty = v_objty AND
    e~werks = lt_pp04_cache-werks AND
    e~verwe = v_verwe.
    SORT lt_plpo BY vornr DESCENDING.
    READ TABLE lt_plpo INDEX 1.
    IF NOT lt_plpo-arbpl IS INITIAL.
    lt_pp04_cache-arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
    read work center description
    SELECT SINGLE ktext INTO lt_pp04_cache-ktext
    FROM crtx WHERE objty = lt_plpo-objty AND
    objid = lt_plpo-objid AND
    spras = sy-langu.
    the following read will get the index of the correct record to be
    updated in the cache
    READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache
    WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
    werks = pi_werks
    alnag = pi_alnag.
    MODIFY lt_pp04_cache
    INDEX sy-tabix
    TRANSPORTING arbpl ktext.
    ENDIF.
    ENDIF.
    endform. " read_last_pp04_operation_cache
    *& Form read_wc_on_last_pp04
    form read_wc_on_last_pp04 using pi_plnnr
    pi_plnal
    changing pe_arbpl.
    data: begin of lt_plpo occurs 0,
    vornr like plpo-vornr,
    objty like crhd-objty,
    objid like crhd-objid,
    arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
    end of lt_plpo.
    get all the PP04 operations for the given rtg# & grp-ctr#
    select vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
    into corresponding fields of table lt_plpo
    from plas as b
    inner join plpo as c
    on bplnty = cplnty and
    bplnnr = cplnnr and
    bzaehl = czaehl
    inner join crhd as e
    on carbid = eobjid
    where b~plnty = v_plnty and "Rate Routing
    b~plnnr = pi_plnnr and
    b~plnal = pi_plnal and
    c~loekz = space and "Oper Del Flag = OFF
    c~steus = v_plpo_steus and "PP04
    e~objty = v_objty. "WC Obj Type = 'A'
    read the last operation
    sort lt_plpo by vornr descending.
    read table lt_plpo index 1.
    pe_arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
    endform. " read_wc_on_last_pp04
    Goto LSMW-> Select Direct Input method in 1st step. These are the standard programs for data transfer.
    Otherwise goto SPRO->SAP Reference IMG-> Under this you'll find standard data transfer programs module wise.
    Reward points,
    Shakir

  • What is difference between sy-index and sy-tabix and where both are using ?

    what is difference between sy-index and sy-tabix and where both are using ?

    hi nagaraju
    sy-tabix is in Internal table, current line index. So it can only be used while looping at the internal table.
    sy-index is in Loops, number of current pass. This you can use in other loop statements also (like do-enddo loop, while-endwhile)
    SY-INDEX is a counter for following loops: do...enddo, while..endwhile
    SY-TABIX is a counter for LOOP...ENDLOOP, READ TABLE...
    Here is an example from which you can understand the difference between sy-tabix and sy-index.
    Itab is an internal table with the following data in it.
    id Name
    198 XYZ
    475 ABC
    545 PQR.
    loop at itab where id > 300.
    write :/ itab-id, itab-name , sy-tabix, sy-index.
    endloop.
    My output will be :
    475 ABC 2 1
    545 PQR 3 2
    Sy-tabix is the index of the record in internal table.
    sy-index gives the no of times of loop passes.
    So, for the first record in the output (475 ABC), 2 is the index of the record in internal table and as it is first time loop pass occured, sy-index value is 1.
    Regards,
    navjot
    award points

  • Difference between open loop and closed loop mode when finding the index on a stepper motor axis.

    I have a test system which uses a PXI-7352 motion controller with a MID-7602 stepper motor drive to position a 200 step/revolution stepper motor with an attached 1000 line encoder.  The MID-7602 is configured for 64 microsteps per step, giving 12,800 microsteps and 4000 encoder counts per revolution.  The system is controlled using LabView 7.1 and NI-Motion 6.13.  To home the motor, I've defined a sequence in MAX which first finds the reverse limit switch and then moves forward to the encoder index pulse.
    When finding its reference in open loop mode, the system its reference at the same microstep each time.  When findings its reference in closed loop mode, the system finds its reference somewhere within about a 20 microstep wide range.
    I hope somebody out there with more experience with this controller can describe the difference between finding the encoder index in open loop mode and finding the encoder index in closed loop mode. 
    Thanks,
    Mark Moss

    Hello Mark,
    I suspect that the behavior you are experiencing has today
    with the resolution difference between your encoder and your
    microstepping.  Let me illustrate with an
    example:
    Example Setup
    Stepper
    Motor
    NI
    Motion Controller
    10
    steps per encoder pulse (Every 10 steps the controller gets an encoder
    pulse, therefore positions 0-9 all appear to be 0 to the controller)
    The
    system has a maximum of 3 pull in moves set
    Open Loop Scenario
    The
    system is commanded to go to position 9.
    The
    controller sends out 9 pulses.
    The
    motor moves to position 9.
    Closed Loop Scenario
    The
    system is commanded to go to position 9.
    The
    controller sends out 9 pulses.
    The
    motor moves to position 9.
    The
    controller checks its position and sees that it is still at position 0
    because it has not received an encoder pulse.
    Because
    the controller thinks it is still at position 0, it sends another 9 pulses
    as its first pull in move.
    The
    motor moves to position 18.
    The
    controller checks its position and sees that it is at position 10 because
    it has only received one encoder pulse.
    Because
    the controller thinks it is still at position 10, it sends1 reverse pulse
    as its second pull in move.
    The
    motor moves to position 17.
    The
    controller checks its position and sees that it is at position 10 because
    it has only received one encoder pulse.
    Because
    the controller thinks it is still at position 10, it sends and additional
    single reverse pulse as its third pull in move.
    The
    motor moves to its final position of 16.
    I believe something similar is happening with your
    application as it looks for the index pulse. 
    Because the controller does not compensate for what it perceives as
    position error in open loop mode, the motor always goes to the same commanded
    position.  In closed loop mode, the motor
    is bouncing around inside the single index encoder pulse trying to find a
    certain position.
    There are several recommendations I can make towards
    correcting this behavior.  These
    recommendations are in order of effectiveness:
    Setup
    your system so that there are more encoder counts per revolution than
    steps per revolution.
    Turn
    off pull-in moves by setting them to 0 in MAX.
    Use an
    open loop configuration.
    Play
    around with the pull in window in MAX.
    Regards,
    Luke H

  • Difference between inner join and outer join

    1.Difference between inner join and outer join
    2.wht is the difference in using hide and get crusor value in interactive.
    3. Using join is better or views in writting program . Which is better.

    Table 1                      Table 2
    A
    B
    C
    D
    D
    E
    F
    G
    H
    a1
    b1
    c1
    1
    1
    e1
    f1
    g1
    h1
    a2
    b2
    c2
    1
    3
    e2
    f2
    g2
    h2
    a3
    b3
    c3
    2
    4
    e3
    f3
    g3
    h3
    a4
    b4
    c4
    3
    |--|||--|
        Inner Join
        |--||||||||--|
        | A  | B  | C  | D  | D  | E  | F  | G  | H  |
        |--||||||||--|
        | a1 | b1 | c1 | 1  | 1  | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |
        | a2 | b2 | c2 | 1  | 1  | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |
        | a4 | b4 | c4 | 3  | 3  | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
        |--||||||||--|
    Example
    Output a list of all flights from Frankfurt to New York between September 10th and 20th, 2001 that are not sold out:
    DATA: DATE   LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
          CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
          CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID.
    SELECT FCARRID FCONNID F~FLDATE
        INTO (CARRID, CONNID, DATE)
        FROM SFLIGHT AS F INNER JOIN SPFLI AS P
               ON FCARRID = PCARRID AND
                  FCONNID = PCONNID
        WHERE P~CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
          AND P~CITYTO   = 'NEW YORK'
          AND F~FLDATE BETWEEN '20010910' AND '20010920'
          AND FSEATSOCC < FSEATSMAX.
      WRITE: / DATE, CARRID, CONNID.
    ENDSELECT.
    If there are columns with the same name in both tables, you must distinguish between them by prefixing the field descriptor with the table name or a table alias.
    Note
    In order to determine the result of a SELECT command where the FROM clause contains a join, the database system first creates a temporary table containing the lines that meet the ON condition. The WHERE condition is then applied to the temporary table. It does not matter in an inner join whether the condition is in the ON or WHEREclause. The following example returns the same solution as the previous one.
    Example
    Output of a list of all flights from Frankfurt to New York between September 10th and 20th, 2001 that are not sold out:
    DATA: DATE   LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
          CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
          CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID.
    SELECT FCARRID FCONNID F~FLDATE
        INTO (CARRID, CONNID, DATE)
        FROM SFLIGHT AS F INNER JOIN SPFLI AS P
               ON FCARRID = PCARRID
        WHERE FCONNID = PCONNID
          AND P~CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
          AND P~CITYTO   = 'NEW YORK'
          AND F~FLDATE BETWEEN '20010910' AND '20010920'
          AND FSEATSOCC < FSEATSMAX.
      WRITE: / DATE, CARRID, CONNID.
    ENDSELECT.
    Note
    Since not all of the database systems supported by SAP use the standard syntax for ON conditions, the syntax has been restricted. It only allows those joins that produce the same results on all of the supported database systems:
    Only a table or view may appear to the right of the JOIN operator, not another join expression.
    Only AND is possible in the ON condition as a logical operator.
    Each comparison in the ON condition must contain a field from the right-hand table.
    If an outer join occurs in the FROM clause, all the ON conditions must contain at least one "real" JOIN condition (a condition that contains a field from tabref1 amd a field from tabref2.
    Note
    In some cases, '*' may be specified in the SELECT clause, and an internal table or work area is entered into the INTO clause (instead of a list of fields). If so, the fields are written to the target area from left to right in the order in which the tables appear in the FROM clause, according to the structure of each table work area. There can then be gaps between table work areas if you use an Alignment Request. For this reason, you should define the target work area with reference to the types of the database tables, not simply by counting the total number of fields. For an example, see below:
    Variant 3
    ... FROM tabref1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN tabref2 ON cond
    Effect
    Selects the data from the transparent database tables and/or views specified in tabref1 and tabref2. tabref1 und tabref2 both have either the same form as in variant 1 or are themselves join expressions. The keyword OUTER can be omitted. The database tables or views specified in tabref1 and tabref2 must be recognized by the ABAP-Dictionary.
    In order to determine the result of a SELECT command where the FROM clause contains a left outer join, the database system creates a temporary table containing the lines that meet the ON condition. The remaining fields from the left-hand table (tabref1) are then added to this table, and their corresponding fields from the right-hand table are filled with ZERO values. The system then applies the WHERE condition to the table.
    Left outer join between table 1 and table 2 where column D in both tables set the join condition:
    Table 1                      Table 2
    A
    B
    C
    D
    D
    E
    F
    G
    H
    a1
    b1
    c1
    1
    1
    e1
    f1
    g1
    h1
    a2
    b2
    c2
    1
    3
    e2
    f2
    g2
    h2
    a3
    b3
    c3
    2
    4
    e3
    f3
    g3
    h3
    a4
    b4
    c4
    3
    |--|||--|
        Left Outer Join
        |--||||||||--|
        | A  | B  | C  | D  | D  | E  | F  | G  | H  |
        |--||||||||--|
        | a1 | b1 | c1 | 1  | 1  | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |
        | a2 | b2 | c2 | 1  | 1  | e1 | f1 | g1 | h1 |
        | a3 | b3 | c3 | 2  |NULL|NULL|NULL|NULL|NULL|
        | a4 | b4 | c4 | 3  | 3  | e2 | f2 | g2 | h2 |
        |--||||||||--|
    Regards
    Prabhu

  • Difference between capacity formulae and scheduling formulae in workcenter

    Hi experts please give me the solution for my queries
    1. What are  the  capacity formulae and scheduling formulae in workcenter, give me examples, What is the difference between capacity formulae and scheduling formulae in workcenter , how these  are used  in workcenter.
    2. what is group and group counter in routing  , how these are used in routing , please explain.
    3. what is the difference between PRTs created with MM01 AND CF01
    4. what is alternative group and order catagery
    5. what is system status , user status and authorisation matrix

    >
    hemamaheswararao wrote:
    > Hi experts please give me the solution for my queries
    > 1. What are  the  capacity formulae and scheduling formulae in workcenter, give me examples, What is the difference between capacity formulae and scheduling formulae in workcenter , how these  are used  in workcenter.
    > 2. what is group and group counter in routing  , how these are used in routing , please explain.
    > 3. what is the difference between PRTs created with MM01 AND CF01
    > 4. what is alternative group and order catagery
    > 5. what is system status , user status and authorisation matrix
    Dear Hemamashewararao,
    Welcome to SDN !
    As per rules you need to raise only one query as per one thread
    Coming to your first query
    As per business requirement formula will be defined
    The most important difference between Capacity formula and scheduling formula
    In SPRO
    for scheduling formula tick mark will be marked for scheduling where as for capacity option  tick mark will not ticked
    For capacity formula tick mark will be marked for option capacity where as for scheduling option tick mark will not ticked
    Currently i am not in front of SAP so i couldn't give you path
    Good Luck !!!
    Regards
    Madhu

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