(Silly)Question about a specific tool in Photoshop...

First off, I apologize if this is one of those DUH questions, but I am not a scholar of Photoshop (yet...lol):
Ok, seen these logos? :
My question is: How exactly do I go about making a round shape(Or any shape really) and then cutting out swathes or sections of it to make stuff like the above? (Am I even using the correct terminology?)
I used to have Illustrator 7 and I remember the stuff I had to access in order to do that (merge/cut I think?) but with Cs4, everything is so diferent....Where in Photoshop are the controls to merge/cut/slice whatever (If those are even the ones)???
I know there are tutorials online, but I can't even find those cuz I don't know what terms to use in order to get to them...
Thanks so much for your help//
I a

To draw a circle there are detailed instructions in the help file under circle.
To get the "cut-outs" you can draw circles or lines with the background color to make it look like your examples.
Many other ways to do it, but start simple.

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