Smart Folders That Omit Files Contained In Particular Folders

I would like to create a smart folder that contains all files that have a filename matching a certain string that are not contained in a list of particular folders e.g. everything that has ".pdf" in the filename that is not contained in folders Downloads or Music.
I do not want to permanently exclude these folders from Spotlight's indexing just omit search results that yield files contained in certain folders.
Is there a way to do this?
Thanks

Folder has not been a criteria available for searching. There is a raw query item for the folder, but it specifically states that it cannot be used in a search.
I'm not aware of a workaround.

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