Some (Probably Easy) Issues I Can't Figure Out...
So I installed my new Arch Linux system today, and I am willing to say I got it 90% done. I chose KDE as my environment but I have the following issues:
1.) I have the desktop set up as a traditional desktop. Whenever I save or delete files to or from my desktop, they are still there until I rightclick the desktop and click "refresh". I had this same problem in Kubuntu (which is where I'm coming from) and the KDE 4.3.2 update fixed it, but it doesn't appear to be fixed in Arch unless I did something wrong.
2.) Whenever I install new programs, they do not show up in my KDE menu until I logout and log in again.
3.) Finally, whenever I go into kmenuedit to edit my menu I get the error "Unable to contact khotkeys. Your changes are saved, but they could not be activated". Everything appears to be working fine. (Note: I haven't actually edited my kmenu yet, when I seen that error I stopped what i was up to).
I hope you guys can help me get rid of those small but irritating problems. I'm new to Arch and I am liking what I see so far!
Hi
Could you post the list of daemons you have set to run automatically at startup? (probably this will be the last line or two of your /etc/rc.conf )
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First code:
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Collection;
public class DistributionPlagiarist
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
int keyLength=0, phraseLength=0, numberOfPhrases=0;
String inputFileName="", keepReadingFromFile="", theFile="";
FrequencyLibrary text = new DenseFrequencyLibrary();
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System.out.println();
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System.out.print("Please re-enter the file name: ");
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stop++;
count++;
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private static String randomphrase(FrequencyLibrary textLibrary, int phraseLengthToMake, int startLength)
String startString="";
char characterToAdd=' ';
startLength++;
Random generator = new Random();
int sizeOfLibrary=textLibrary.size()/2, randomInt = generator.nextInt(sizeOfLibrary+1), value=0;
Collection<String> stringNames = textLibrary.makeStringCollection();
for(String stringFromCollection : stringNames)
if(randomInt == value)
startString = stringFromCollection;
value++;
String thePhrase = new String(startString);
System.out.println("INITIAL START:" + startString + "TTTT");
int substringStart=1;
while(startLength < phraseLengthToMake)
characterToAdd = textLibrary.randomUniformChoose(startString);
thePhrase = thePhrase + characterToAdd;
System.out.println("CHARACTER:" + characterToAdd + "TTTT");
System.out.println("PHRASE:" + thePhrase + "TTTT");
startString = thePhrase.substring(substringStart, thePhrase.length());
boolean answer = textLibrary.contains(startString);
System.out.println(answer);
System.out.println("NEW STRING:" + startString + "TTTT");
startLength++;
substringStart++;
return thePhrase;
}Second code:
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class DenseFrequencyLibrary implements FrequencyLibrary
private HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar> bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap = new HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar>();
private MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = new DenseMultiSetOfChar();
* Creates a new DenseFrequencyLibrary with all the essential things clear;
DenseFrequencyLibrary()
bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.clear();
* Input the value from the creation of the DensneMultiSetOfChar into a HashMap. If the key
* already exists then the value associated with it is updated by one.
* @param character a char to be used in forming the HashMap
* @return characterMap
private HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar> inputIntoMap(String name, char character)
if(!bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(name))
keyAndValuePairs = new DenseMultiSetOfChar(character);
else
keyAndValuePairs.add(character);
this.bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.put(name, keyAndValuePairs); //input character and value
return bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap; //return the new HashMap
* Returns the number of books in the library.
* @return |b|, ie the number of books in b
public int size()
int numberOfBooks=bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.size();
return numberOfBooks;
* Searches the library for an occurrence of a given book
* @param target the name of a book to be searched for in the library
* @return true if and only if the argument is already a book title in the library.
public boolean contains(String target)
boolean bookIsInLibrary=false;
if(bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(target))
bookIsInLibrary = true;
return bookIsInLibrary;
* Returns the MultiSetOfChar that represents the occurrences of the individual characters
* in the text of the book indicated by the argument.
* @param target
* @return MultiSetOfChar
public MultiSetOfChar getFrequencies(String target)
MultiSetOfChar frequencyMultiSetOfChar = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(target);
return frequencyMultiSetOfChar;
* Modifies the character occurrences associated with name to include one more occurrence of element.
* @param name string of the name of the book
* @param element character to add to the specified book
public void add(String name, char element)
bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap = inputIntoMap(name, element);
* Modifies the character occurrences associated with name to include one less occurrence of element.
* @param name string of the name of the book
* @param element character to be removed from the specified book
* @return true if and only if the book is modified.
public boolean remove(String name, char element)
boolean characterWasRemovedFromBook=false;
//if the target character is in the map then remove it
if(bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(name))
MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(name);
keyAndValuePairs.remove(element);
characterWasRemovedFromBook = true; //set answer to true because the HashMap was changed
else //target does not exist in the HashMap
characterWasRemovedFromBook = false; //set answer to false because the HashMap was not changed
return characterWasRemovedFromBook;
* Returns a random character, chosen from the same distribution as the characters appear in the book.
* For example, if 5% of the characters in "Alice in Wonderland" are an 'A', then this method should
* return an 'A' about 5% of the time.
* @param name string of the name of the book to search through and remove a character
* @return true if and only if the argument is already a book title in the library.
public char randomUniformChoose(String name)
MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(name);
char randomCharacter = keyAndValuePairs.randomUniformChoose();
return randomCharacter; //return the random character pulled out
public Collection<String> makeStringCollection()
Collection<String> stringCollection = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.keySet();
return stringCollection;
}Third code:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Random;
* DenseMultiSetOfChar implements MultiSetOfChar.
* @mathmodel b is a finite multiset
* @mathdef
* |b| is the cardinality of b
* ||c,b|| is the number of occurrences of element c in b
* @author Kyle Hiltner
public class DenseMultiSetOfChar implements MultiSetOfChar
private char characterInput=' ';
private HashMap<Character, Integer> characterMap = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
* Create a new DenseMultiSetOfChar with zero argument
DenseMultiSetOfChar()
characterMap.clear(); //clear static HashMap
* Create a new DenseMultiSetOfChar with the passed in value.
* @param newChar character input to be added to the HashMap
DenseMultiSetOfChar(char newChar)
this.characterInput = newChar; //set characterInput to the value passed in
characterMap = inputIntoMap(this.characterInput); //call private procedure to add characterInput to HashMap
* Input the value from the creation of the DensneMultiSetOfChar into a HashMap. If the key
* already exists then the value associated with it is updated by one.
* @param character a char to be used in forming the HashMap
* @return characterMap
private HashMap<Character, Integer> inputIntoMap(char character)
//if the character is not in the HashMap then add it with the starting value of 1
if(!characterMap.containsKey(character))
characterMap.put(character, 1); //input character and value
else //character does exist
int value = characterMap.get(character); //get the value for the specified key
value++; //increase the value so as to show that another character was added
characterMap.put(character, value); //place the character and new value in the HashMap
return characterMap; //return the new HashMap
* Returns the number of elements in this multiset (ie its cardinality).
* Note that since multisets can include duplicates, the cardinality may be
* larger than the number of distinct elements. Also, the total number of
* items in the multiset is bounded above by Integer.MAX_VALUE.
* @return |b|, ie the cardinality of b
public int getCardinality()
int totalElementsInMap=0;
Collection<Integer> integerCollection = characterMap.values(); //create a collection for easy iteration
//iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap
for(Integer valueFromCollection : integerCollection)
totalElementsInMap = totalElementsInMap + valueFromCollection; //compute new value of total values
return totalElementsInMap; //return the final total value
* Returns the number of occurrences of a given element in the multiset. A
* simple identity relating getElementCount and getCardinality is that the
* sum of getElementCount for each char is equal to the cardinality of the
* set.
* @param target
* char to be counted in the multiset
* @return ||target,b||, ie the number of occurrences of target in b
public int getElementCount(char target)
int numberOfGivenCharacters=0; //set initial value
//if the HashMap contains the target character then numberOfGivenCharacters is set to the value
if(characterMap.containsKey(target))
numberOfGivenCharacters = characterMap.get(target); //set numberOfGivenCharacters to the value assigned to the target character
return numberOfGivenCharacters; //return the value for the target character
* Returns a set such that every element in the multiset is in the set (but
* no duplicates). The cardinality of the returned set must be less than or
* equal to |b|. The cardinality of the two are equal if and only if b
* contains no duplicate elements.
* @return a set of Character, s, such that: <br />
* (for all (Character)i in s : (char)i in b) and <br />
* (for all (char)i in b : (Character)i in s)
public Set<Character> getElementSet()
Set<Character> characterSet = characterMap.keySet(); //create a Set from the keys of characters in the HashMap
return characterSet; //return the character Set
* Adds a single element to the multiset. This operation always increases
* the cardinality of the multiset by 1, assuming that the maximum capacity
* of Integer.MAX_VALUE has not been reached.
* @param item
* the char to be added to b
* @requires |b| < Integer.MAX_VALUE
* @alters b
* @ensures b = #b union {item}
public void add(char item)
characterMap = inputIntoMap(item); //call the private method to add new character (item) to the HashMap
* Removes the target, if it is present in the multiset. The method returns
* true if and only if it changes the multiset.
* @param target
* the char to be removed
* @alters b
* @ensures (target not in #b) ==> (b = #b) <br />
* (target in #b) ==> (b union {target} = #b)
* @return target in #b
public boolean remove(char target)
boolean answer=false; //set initial value to false
//if the target character is in the map then remove it
if(characterMap.containsKey(target))
int value = characterMap.get(target); //find the value associated with the target character
//if the value is 1 call remove from the HashMap and remove key and value
if(value == 1)
characterMap.remove(target); //remove key and value from the HashMap
else //value is greater than 1
value--; //decrease value to show removal
characterMap.put(target, value); //replace target character with new value back into the HashMap
answer = true; //set answer to true because the HashMap was changed
else //target does not exist in the HashMap
answer = false; //set answer to false because the HashMap was not changed
return answer; //return answer
* Returns a char chosen randomly based on the contents of the multiset.
* This operation does not remove the char from the multiset or change the
* multiset in any way. In particular, the cardinality of the multiset is
* the same before and after this method.
* <p>
* Characters should be returned with a random distribution equal to the
* distribution of characters in the multiset. That is, for a character that
* appears N times in a multiset of cardinality M, the probability of that
* character being returned is N / M. For example, a multiset that contains
* only the character 'a', possibly many times, would always result in an
* 'a' being generated. On the other hand, a multiset with an equal number
* of 'a' and 'b' elements would return an 'a' approximately half the time
* and a 'b' the other half.
* @requires |b| >= 1
* @return char c with probability p, where: <br />
* p = ||c,b|| / |b|
public char randomUniformChoose()
char randomCharacter=' ';
Random generator = new Random();
int totalElementsInMap=0;
Collection<Integer> integerCollection = characterMap.values(); //create a collection for easy iteration
//iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap.
//Do this in case a remove call was made
for(Integer valueFromCollection : integerCollection)
totalElementsInMap = totalElementsInMap + valueFromCollection; //compute new value of total values
int randomInt = generator.nextInt(totalElementsInMap+1), lowerValue=0, upperValue=0;
Collection<Character> keyCollection = characterMap.keySet();
//iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap
for(Character keyFromCollection : keyCollection)
upperValue = upperValue + characterMap.get(keyFromCollection);
if(randomInt == upperValue)
randomCharacter = keyFromCollection;
if(randomInt >= lowerValue && randomInt <= upperValue)
randomCharacter = keyFromCollection;
lowerValue = upperValue + 1;
return randomCharacter; //return the random character pulled out
}The Error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at DenseFrequencyLibrary.randomUniformChoose(DenseFrequencyLibrary.java:137)
at DistributionPlagiarist.randomphrase(DistributionPlagiarist.java:146)
at DistributionPlagiarist.main(DistributionPlagiarist.java:112)I will attempt to explain what this does in as few words as possible. For a breakdown of the lab go urlhttp://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~paolo/teaching/494MJ/labs/lab8.shtml{url}. If you don't feel like reading that: THe program reads in some command line arguments. From there it reads from the file provided in the command line and creates "keys" from the specified length. From there I need to create a phrase of the specified length. If i am supposed to create more then one then i do. That is pretty much it. I can't figure out where (really why) the NullPointerException error is coming from.
Help is appreciated!!Post the actual error text (copy and paste, don't "interpret" it) here.
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unless you suppressed the trace, in which case change your error handling
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Identify which program line in your post the error is pointing to so that we can match
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Edited by: ChuckBing on Nov 16, 2007 7:19 PM
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I have been using keyframes to create zooms and pans over pics, but every once in a while one of the pics shakes while it's moving. I can't figure out why this happens- any ideas? THANKS
What you might be experiencing is a scaling issue: you're not really zooming into a picture but actually scaling it. Keep in mind DV is a 4:3 ratio. And your photos probably aren't. Scaling an image is shifting the pixels in an image and so if you're making the picture grow or shrink, you're shifting those pixels and that's could be what you are seeing. What size are your pictures? Are they huge, like twice the size of your standard 720 x 480 DV?
If your photo images are extremely large (like 2838 x 2205, 300 dpi) you might try opening them up in a program like Photoshop and making a smaller version. You can force the results to be 4:3 by using the Crop tool. Be sure to adjust the Crop settings to something like 1440 px x 960 px , 72 dpi (double 720 x 480 so you can still scale) and then Crop the photo. Keep in mind, you might lose some of the photo because it isn't 4:3, so use Crop judiciously. Save the resulting image as something else and try using it instead of the original. Be sure to _render the results in the Timeline_ even though Final Cut may refer to it as a real-time effect.
Also you should only have four total keyframes: a keyframe for the starting Scale size and a keyframe for the starting Center position. Then you should have a keyframe for the ending point for both Scale and Center where the image in Final Cut's Canvas window is either larger or smaller. That's it. If you have any other keyframes in-between these four, you can have problems-- which show up as the image moving around, hesitation, or some other unwanted movements.
Good luck!
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