SQL command Question
Hello all!
Is my bold condition on sql statement bellow correct?
select vbeln posnr aubel aupos vgbel vgpos matnr into table it_vbrp
from vbrp
for all entries in it_mseg_vbfa
<b> where vgbel = it_mseg_vbfa-xblnr(10)</b>
and matnr = it_mseg_vbfa-matnr
and vgpos < 900000.
If not, how can I correct it? Creating a temporary table to build the records of XBLNR(10) to compare with VGBEL?
Detail: the ABAP Editor does not give a error with this command...
Michel Khouri
if its giving error or check in deburg mode, if it is not taking the same value what u want, then u can do like this too
loop at it_mseg_vbfa.
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
EXPORTING
input = it_mseg_vbfa-xblnr
IMPORTING
OUTPUT = it_mseg_vbfa-xblnr(10)
modify it_mseg_vbfa
endloop.
Thanks & Regards
vinsee
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Hi,
I have a very very basic question, so excuse me for that... I just would like to know the difference ( and the difference in usage) between sql and pl/sql?
thank you
YannSQL - the structured query language - is the language available for extracting data from the database. It is a 4GL, and each command stands alone and performs a database action.
PL/SQL is the 3GL primarily intended to control the flow of a series of SQL commands. PL/SQL does not, in any way, interact with the data in the database. It does, however, allow SQL statements to be called, or even created, in a specific order.
SQL is capable of a LOT more than people usually realize. Unfortunate, as people often create PL/SQL programs when single SQL statements will do the job. I encourage reading the O'Reilly 'Mastering Oracle SQL' book ... only after fiunishing that book do I recommend any of Feuerstein's excellent PL/SQL books. -
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http://stackoverflow.com/questions/198343/how-can-i-get-the-size-of-the-transaction-log-in-sql-2005-programmatically
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How to write sql command in batch file
hi,
i m using oracle 9i on windows. i want to know how can i write sql command on batch file. i want to use a batch file to use sql command like shutdowm & startup command and any select command too.
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thxs u all , i got it at i wanted to do.
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How to use Java with PL/SQL commands to send an email with attachment
Apologizes in advance if this is the wrong place to ask the question.
I need to use Java with PL/SQL commands to send an email with attachment. My java application runs from the command line and does some magic to gather info from an Oracle 11g db. If the DB has sendmail configured, I'd like to send the results of the data gathering as an attachment to the email addresses. I'm not sure how to do this. I've been reading up on on PL/SQL can send email with UTL_SMTP - with attachments. I'm just not sure how to translate that into being triggered by my Java application. Any suggestions or pointers on what I should read would be appreciated.
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Thanks for all help.user13726880 wrote:
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How do i get a output in CSV of a SQL query executed via SQL Command prompt
Hi All,
I have a question with reference to SQL command prompt. I have a sql query which runs properly and gives proper execution in SQL Management console in GUI.
This report is used to pull the free disk space report of our servers
As i want to schedule it as a report so i want to script it to run via SQL command prompt. I made the script and it works fine if i enter it in SQL command prompt. When i try to extract the output to a CSV File it fails. Below is the details of the command
i am using to query to pull the data. Can anyone help me in getting the output of this query in SQL command prompt.
sqlcmd -W -s , -S Servers FQDN
use operationsmanager
Go
Query:"select Path, InstanceName, SampleValue
from PerformanceDataAllView pdv with (NOLOCK)
inner join PerformanceCounterView pcv on pdv.performancesourceinternalid = pcv.performancesourceinternalid
inner join BaseManagedEntity bme on pcv.ManagedEntityId = bme.BaseManagedEntityId
where SampleValue < '20' and CounterName='% Free Space' and TimeSampled > '2014-08-06 11:00:00.00'
order by countername, timesampled" -s "," -o "C:\DataSqlCmd.csv"
Go
When i enter the command without the quotes when the query is starting and ending and also without the output command (-s "," -o "C:\DataSqlCmd.csv") it is working and shows the output in the command prompt. Below is the screen shot for
your reference.
Due to security reasons i have to erase the server names:
But when i add the line to extract the output ( -s "," -o "C:\DataSqlCmd.csv") It gives me this error:
The exact command would be:
sqlcmd -W -s , -S CINMLVSCOM01.e2klab.ge.com
use operationsmanager
Go
"select Path, InstanceName, SampleValue
from PerformanceDataAllView pdv with (NOLOCK)
inner join PerformanceCounterView pcv on pdv.performancesourceinternalid = pcv.performancesourceinternalid
inner join BaseManagedEntity bme on pcv.ManagedEntityId = bme.BaseManagedEntityId
where SampleValue < '20' and CounterName='% Free Space' and TimeSampled > '2014-08-06 11:00:00.00'
order by countername, timesampled" -s "," -o "C:\DataSqlCmd.csv" -h-1
Go
saying the syntax is not correct or some thing as per the below screenshot.
Can any one please help. Below is just the query whi i use to get the output in SQL management studio.
Can any one make a command for the below quer so i can directly execute and test for getting the output.
select Path, InstanceName, SampleValue
from PerformanceDataAllView pdv with (NOLOCK)
inner join PerformanceCounterView pcv on pdv.performancesourceinternalid = pcv.performancesourceinternalid
inner join BaseManagedEntity bme on pcv.ManagedEntityId = bme.BaseManagedEntityId
where SampleValue < '20' and CounterName='% Free Space' and TimeSampled > '2014-08-06 11:00:00.00'
order by countername, timesampled
Gautam.75801Can you try the below query?
select Path, InstanceName, SampleValue
from PerformanceDataAllView pdv with (NOLOCK)
inner join PerformanceCounterView pcv on pdv.performancesourceinternalid = pcv.performancesourceinternalid
inner join BaseManagedEntity bme on pcv.ManagedEntityId = bme.BaseManagedEntityId
where SampleValue < 20 and CounterName like '% Free Space' and TimeSampled > '2014-08-06 11:00:00.00'
order by countername, timesampled
-- replace the below query part in the below SQLCMD C:\>SQLCMD -S SERVERNAME -E -d operationsmanager -Q "select * from sys.databases ds with (nolock) where name='master'" -s "," -o "F:\PowerSQL\MyData.csv" -h -1
SQLCMD -S SERVERNAME -E -d OperationsManager -Q "select Path, InstanceName, SampleValue
from PerformanceDataAllView pdv with (NOLOCK)
inner join PerformanceCounterView pcv on pdv.performancesourceinternalid = pcv.performancesourceinternalid
inner join BaseManagedEntity bme on pcv.ManagedEntityId = bme.BaseManagedEntityId
where SampleValue < '20' and CounterName='% Free Space' and TimeSampled > '2014-08-06 11:00:00.00'
order by countername, timesampled" -s "," -o "c:\MyData.csv" -h -1
Refer for the other ways
http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/23566/writing-select-result-to-a-csv-file
--Prashanth -
Converting a SQL Command Parameter from Date to Char
Hi,
I'm using CR XI version 11.0.0.1282. I've created a report using a SQL Command and have a parameter defined as Date. I need to convert this Date parameter to a CHAR and have created my WHERE clause as:
WHERE "CC_PAYH"."PPOST"= CHAR ('{?From Date}') AND
"CC_PAYH"."PPTYPE"<>13
I get a message saying 2008 is not a valid token which in AS400 means it doesn't like the year. Go figure.
I've tried running a similar query in AS400 and I get the desired affect. I've tried removing the parameter from the Where clause and putting it into the Select like:
CHAR ('{?From Date}') as MyTestDate
just to see the representation I would get and I get the same error.
The question I have like everyone else is; is this possible with this version of Crystal? I assume so since the same query will work in the database itself.
Thanks,
BrianHi Brain,
Can you please try the query similar to the following syntax and verify whether it helps you!
Select * from Orders where ([Order Date]) =
CStr({?Date})
Regards,
Vinay -
Can I use multiline SQL commands in a query (within a component)?
I would like to modify the following query:
<td>ItranslationString</td>
<td>
INSERT INTO TRANSLATIONSTRINGS (daKey, daLanguage, daTranslation, daStringFlag, daSourceFile) VALUES (?, ?, ?, 'N', ?)
</td>
<td>daKeyField varchar
daLanguageField varchar
daTranslationField varchar
StringTranslationFilename varchar
</td>
so that the daSourceFile a) is selected from another record, if it exists b) uses the constant, if not.
In SQL Command the commands (without placeholders) look:
declare c integer;
res varchar(30);
key_var varchar(100);
def_lang_var varchar(5);
begin
key_var := 'newString';
def_lang_var := 'en';
res := 'ap_string.htm';
select count(*) into c FROM TRANSLATIONSTRINGS WHERE daKey = key_var AND daLanguage = def_lang_var;
if c > 0 then
select daSourceFile into res FROM TRANSLATIONSTRINGS WHERE daKey = key_var AND daLanguage = def_lang_var;
end if;
INSERT INTO TRANSLATIONSTRINGS (daKey, daLanguage, daTranslation, daStringFlag, daSourceFile) VALUES (key_var, 'cs', 'translation', 'N', res);
end;
However, such a query does not work in the query resource (multiline commands cannot be used?).
Neither can I think of one line query that would provide the same functionality (tried to test with COALESCE).Yes, I got the point. The query looks like:
INSERT INTO TRANSLATIONSTRINGS (daKey, daLanguage, daTranslation, daStringFlag, daSourceFile)
SELECT daKey, daLanguage, daTranslation, daStringFlag, daSourceFile FROM (
select 'newString1' daKey, 'en' daLanguage, 'transl' daTranslation, 'N' daStringFlag, daSourceFile FROM TRANSLATIONSTRINGS WHERE daKey = 'newString1' AND daLanguage = 'cs' UNION ALL SELECT 'newString1' daKey, 'en' daLanguage, 'transl' daTranslation, 'N' daStringFlag, 'default' daSourceFile FROM DUAL)
WHERE rownum<=1;
so that's the way how to solve it via SQL.
(Since I can't use DECLARE, I need to bind entry parameters as many times as they appear in the query - not a very nice way, but it works).
The question still is, whether there is a way how to use a multiline query in Component Queries. Even though it is not mentioned specifically in the documentation, it seems it is NOT to be possible by design. So the real question is really WHY - I guess it would be a little bit more convenient to begin/commit transactions, use variables, etc. in a multiline query.
Yet, Sam, thanks! -
my question is will it possible to use oracle sql commands in toad and genterate the reprot like I have below.
my second question is can I embede this oralc sql command in my apps. to have the out put I have below. I tried and got an error message. I am wondering if this is possible
SQL> -- Multiple COMPUTEs are also allowable.
SQL>
SQL> SET echo off
SQL> BREAK ON city skip1 ON start_date
SQL> COMPUTE sum max min of salary ON city
SQL> COMPUTE sum of salary ON start_date
SQL> SET verify off
SQL> SELECT id, first_name, salary, city FROM employee ORDER BY city
2 /
ID FIRST_NAME SALARY CITY
07 David 7897.78 New York
06 Linda 4322.78
4322.78 minimum
7897.78 maximum
12220.56 sum
01 Jason 1234.56 Toronto
1234.56 minimum
1234.56 maximum
1234.56 sum
05 Robert 2334.78 Vancouver
08 James 1232.78
03 James 6544.78
02 Alison 6661.78
04 Celia 2344.78
1232.78 minimum
6661.78 maximum
19118.9 sumHi,
All of theose SQL*Plus features can be duplicated in Oracle SQL. For example, "GROUP BY ... ROLLUP" can give you an minimum, maximum and total for each city.
You can create a view that looks exactly like the SQL*Plus output (for example, the city column with values like 'New York', NULL, '**********', and 'minimum'), if you really need to. CASE is very useful for things like this, as are some analytic functions. (E.g., ROW_NUMBER can help in telling which is the first row for each city.)
To make such a view, you may find it convenient to do a UNION of two queries:
(1) One that produces one row per employee
(2) One that produces a fixed number of rows (four, to get the results you posted) per city -
Oracle SQL and PL/SQL interview questions.
Can anyone forward me all Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Interview questions and answers asap.
Many Thanks.
BbaDear Pal
I not sure all the all answers are correct. I got one mail couple yrs back. I am just sharing mail contents. Kindly keep question and compare answers.
1 Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS?
EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.
2 Which datatype is used for storing graphics and images?
LONG RAW data type is used for storing BLOB's (binary large objects).
3 When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause. The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.
4 What WHERE CURRENT OF clause does in a cursor?
LOOPSELECT num_credits INTO v_numcredits FROM classesWHERE dept=123 and course=101;UPDATE studentsSET current_credits=current_credits+v_numcreditsWHERE CURRENT OF X;END LOOPCOMMIT;END;
5 What should be the return type for a cursor variable.Can we use a scalar data type as return type?
The return type for a cursor must be a record type.It can be declared explicitly as a user-defined or %ROWTYPE can be used. eg TYPE t_studentsref IS REF CURSOR RETURN students%ROWTYPE
6 What is use of a cursor variable? How it is defined?
A cursor variable is associated with different statements at run time, which can hold different values at run time. Static cursors can only be associated with one run time query. A cursor variable is reference type (like a pointer in C).Declaring a cursor variable:TYPE type_name IS REF CURSOR RETURN return_type type_name is the name of the reference type,return_type is a record type indicating the types of the select list that will eventually be returned by the cursor variable.
7 What is the purpose of a cluster?
Oracle does not allow a user to specifically locate tables, since that is a part of the function of the RDBMS. However, for the purpose of increasing performance, oracle allows a developer to create a CLUSTER. A CLUSTER provides a means for storing data from different tables together for faster retrieval than if the table placement were left to the RDBMS.
8 What is the maximum buffer size that can be specified using the DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function?
1,000,00
9 What is syntax for dropping a procedure and a function .Are these operations possible?
Drop Procedure procedure_nameDrop Function function_name
10 What is OCI. What are its uses?
Oracle Call Interface is a method of accesing database from a 3GL program. Uses--No precompiler is required,PL/SQL blocks are executed like other DML statements. The OCI library provides· -functions to parse SQL statemets· -bind input variables· -bind output variables· -execute statements· -fetch the results
11 What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY whereas there can be any number of UNIQUE keys. The columns that compose PK are automatically define NOT NULL, whereas a column that compose a UNIQUE is not automatically defined to be mandatory must also specify the column is NOT NULL.
12 What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
SUBSTR returns a specified portion of a string eg SUBSTR('BCDEF',4) output BCDEINSTR provides character position in which a pattern is found in a string. eg INSTR('ABC-DC-F','-',2) output 7 (2nd occurence of '-')
13 What is difference between SQL and SQL*PLUS?
SQL*PLUS is a command line tool where as SQL and PL/SQL language interface and reporting tool. Its a command line tool that allows user to type SQL commands to be executed directly against an Oracle database. SQL is a language used to query the relational database(DML,DCL,DDL). SQL*PLUS commands are used to format query result, Set options, Edit SQL commands and PL/SQL.
14 What is difference between Rename and Alias?
Rename is a permanent name given to a table or column whereas Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column which do not exist once the SQL statement is executed.
15 What is difference between a formal and an actual parameter?
The variables declared in the procedure and which are passed, as arguments are called actual, the parameters in the procedure declaration. Actual parameters contain the values that are passed to a procedure and receive results. Formal parameters are the placeholders for the values of actual parameters
16 What is an UTL_FILE.What are different procedures and functions associated with it?
UTL_FILE is a package that adds the ability to read and write to operating system files. Procedures associated with it are FCLOSE, FCLOSE_ALL and 5 procedures to output data to a file PUT, PUT_LINE, NEW_LINE, PUTF, FFLUSH.PUT, FFLUSH.PUT_LINE,FFLUSH.NEW_LINE. Functions associated with it are FOPEN, ISOPEN.
17 What is a view ?
A view is stored procedure based on one or more tables, its a virtual table.
18 What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
It is a column that is not an actual column in the table.eg USER, UID, SYSDATE, ROWNUM, ROWID, NULL, AND LEVEL.
19 What is a OUTER JOIN?
Outer Join--Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they dont satisfy the join condition.
20 What is a cursor?
Oracle uses work area to execute SQL statements and store processing information PL/SQL construct called a cursor lets you name a work area and access its stored information A cursor is a mechanism used to fetch more than one row in a Pl/SQl block.
21 What is a cursor for loop?
Cursor For Loop is a loop where oracle implicitly declares a loop variable, the loop index that of the same record type as the cursor's record.
22 What are various privileges that a user can grant to another user?
· SELECT· CONNECT· RESOURCES
23 What are various constraints used in SQL?
· NULL· NOT NULL· CHECK· DEFAULT
24 What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
Using ORACLE PRECOMPILERS, SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks can be contained inside 3GL programs written in C,C++,COBOL,PASCAL, FORTRAN,PL/1 AND ADA.The Precompilers are known as Pro*C,Pro*Cobol,...This form of PL/SQL is known as embedded pl/sql,the language in which pl/sql is embedded is known as the host language. The prcompiler translates the embedded SQL and pl/sql ststements into calls to the precompiler runtime library.The output must be compiled and linked with this library to creater an executable.
25 What are different Oracle database objects?
· TABLES· VIEWS· INDEXES· SYNONYMS· SEQUENCES· TABLESPACES etc
26 What are different modes of parameters used in functions and procedures?
· IN· OUT· INOUT
27 What are cursor attributes?
· %ROWCOUNT· %NOTFOUND· %FOUND· %ISOPEN
28 What a SELECT FOR UPDATE cursor represent. [ANSWER]SELECT......FROM......FOR......UPDATE[OF column-reference][NOWAIT] The processing done in a fetch loop modifies the rows that have been retrieved by the cursor. A convenient way of modifying the rows is done by a method with two parts: the FOR UPDATE clause in the cursor declaration, WHERE CURRENT OF CLAUSE in an UPDATE or declaration statement.
29 There is a string 120000 12 0 .125 , how you will find the position of the decimal place?
INSTR('120000 12 0 .125',1,'.')output 13
30 There is a % sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it?
'' Should be used before '%'.
31 Suppose a customer table is having different columns like customer no, payments.What will be the query to select top three max payments?
SELECT customer_no, payments from customer C1
WHERE 3<=(SELECT COUNT(*) from customer C2
WHERE C1.payment <= C2.payment)
32 minvalue.sql Select the Nth lowest value from a table
select level, min('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') <
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second lowest salary:
-- select level, min(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal < sal
-- group by level
33 maxvalue.sql Select the Nth Highest value from a table
select level, max('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') >
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second highest salary:
-- select level, max(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal > sal
-- group by level
34 How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
SELECT * FROM emp
Where emp_no+' '=12345;
i.e you have to concatenate the column name with space within codes in the where condition.
SELECT /*+ FULL(a) */ ename, emp_no from emp
where emp_no=1234;
i.e using HINTS
35 How you will avoid duplicating records in a query?
By using DISTINCT
36 How you were passing cursor variables in PL/SQL 2.2?
In PL/SQL 2.2 cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.This is because the storage for a cursor variable has to be allocated using Pro*C or OCI with version 2.2, the only means of passing a cursor variable to a PL/SQL block is via bind variable or a procedure parameter.
37 How you open and close a cursor variable.Why it is required?
OPEN cursor variable FOR SELECT...Statement
CLOSE cursor variable In order to associate a cursor variable with a particular SELECT statement OPEN syntax is used. In order to free the resources used for the query CLOSE statement is used.
38 How will you delete duplicating rows from a base table?
delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values_field_name); or
delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);
39 How do you find the numbert of rows in a Table ?
A bad answer is count them (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name)
A good answer is :-
'By generating SQL to ANALYZE TABLE table_name COUNT STATISTICS by querying Oracle System Catalogues (e.g. USER_TABLES or ALL_TABLES).
The best answer is to refer to the utility which Oracle released which makes it unnecessary to do ANALYZE TABLE for each Table individually.
40 Find out nth highest salary from emp table
SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
For Eg:-
Enter value for n: 2
SAL
3700
41 Display the records between two range?
select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);
42 Display the number value in Words?
SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp'))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,'J'),'JSP'))
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like, Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal "Salary ",
(' Rs. '|| (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'Jsp'))|| ' only.'))
"Sal in Words" from emp
Salary Sal in Words
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only.
43 Display Odd/ Even number of records
Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
Output:-
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
Output:-
2
4
6
44 Difference between procedure and function.
Functions are named PL/SQL blocks that return a value and can be called with arguments procedure a named block that can be called with parameter. A procedure all is a PL/SQL statement by itself, while a Function call is called as part of an expression.
45 Difference between NO DATA FOUND and %NOTFOUND
NO DATA FOUND is an exception raised only for the SELECT....INTO statements when the where clause of the querydoes not match any rows. When the where clause of the explicit cursor does not match any rows the %NOTFOUND attribute is set to TRUE instead.
46 Difference between database triggers and form triggers?
Data base trigger(DBT) fires when a DML operation is performed on a data base table. Form trigger(FT) Fires when user presses a key or navigates between fields on the screen
Can be row level or statement level No distinction between row level and statement level.
Can manipulate data stored in Oracle tables via SQL Can manipulate data in Oracle tables as well as variables in forms.
Can be fired from any session executing the triggering DML statements. Can be fired only from the form that define the trigger.
Can cause other database triggers to fire.Can cause other database triggers to fire, but not other form triggers.
47 Difference between an implicit & an explicit cursor.
PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all SQL data manipulation statements, including quries that return only one row. However,queries that return more than one row you must declare an explicit cursor or use a cursor FOR loop.
Explicit cursor is a cursor in which the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a SELECT statement via the CURSOR...IS statement. An implicit cursor is used for all SQL statements Declare, Open, Fetch, Close. An explicit cursors are used to process multirow SELECT statements An implicit cursor is used to process INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and single row SELECT. .INTO statements.
48 Can you use a commit statement within a database trigger?
No.
49 Can the default values be assigned to actual parameters?
Yes
50 Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables.If yes how. If not why?
No, a cursor variable points a row which cannot be stored in a two-dimensional PL/SQL table.
51 Can a primary key contain more than one columns?
Yes
52 Can a function take OUT parameters. If not why?
No. A function has to return a value,an OUT parameter cannot return a value.
53 What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
Self join-Its a join foreign key of a table references the same table. Outer Join--Its a join condition used where One can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don't satisfy the join condition.
Equi-join--Its a join condition that retrieves rows from one or more tables in which one or more columns in one table are equal to one or more columns in the second table.
54 Differentiate between TRUNCATE and DELETE
TRUNCATE deletes much faster than DELETE
TRUNCATE
DELETE
It is a DDL statement It is a DML statement
It is a one way trip,cannot ROLLBACK One can Rollback
Doesn't have selective features (where clause) Has
Doesn't fire database triggers Does
It requires disabling of referential constraints. Does not require
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
31 Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
32 Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
33 How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC C, PRO COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.
BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any
out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
34 How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the returned Boolean value.
35 Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
36 Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
37 Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor.
Database Triggers
38 Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor.
PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries.
User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
39 Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
Programmatic Constructs
Last Update: September 06, 2004
1 What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database ?
Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.
2 What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints ?
A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.
3 What is difference between Procedures and Functions ?
A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.
4 What is Database Trigger ?
A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in,update to, or delete from a table.
5 What is a Procedure ?
A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
6 What is a Package ?
A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.
7 What are the uses of Database Trigger ?
Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.
8 What are the advantages of having a Package ?
Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)
1 With which function of summary item is the compute at options required?
percentage of total functions.
2 Why is it preferable to create a fewer no. of queries in the data model?
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
3 Why is a Where clause faster than a group filter or a format trigger?
Because, in a where clause the condition is applied during data retrieval than after retrieving the data.
4 Which parameter can be used to set read level consistency across multiple queries?
Read only.
5 Which of the two views should objects according to possession?
view by structure.
6 Which of the above methods is the faster method?
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
7 Where is the external query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.
8 Where is a procedure return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.
9 When do you use data parameter type?
When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to produts invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.
10 When a form is invoked with call_form, Does oracle forms issues a save point?
Yes
11 What are the important difference between property clause and visual attributes?
Named visual attributes differ only font, color & pattern attributes, property clauses can contain this and any other properties. You can change the appearance of objects at run time by changing the named visual attributes programmatically , property clause assignments cannot be changed programmatically. When an object is inheriting from both a property clause and named visual attribute, the named visual attribute settings take precedence, and any visual attribute properties in the class are ignored.
12 What use of command line parameter cmd file?
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
13 What is WHEN-Database-record trigger?
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. c generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
14 What is use of term?
The term file which key is correspond to which oracle report functions.
15 What is trigger associated with the timer?
When-timer-expired.
16 What is the use of transactional triggers?
Using transactional triggers we can control or modify the default functionality of the oracle forms.
17 What is the use of place holder column?
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
18 What is the use of image_zoom built-in?
To manipulate images in image items.
19 What is the use of hidden column?
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
20 What is the use of break group?
A break group is used to display one record for one group ones. While multiple related records in other group can be displayed.
21 What is the remove on exit property?
For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
22 What is the purpose of the product order option in the column property sheet?
To specify the order of individual group evaluation in a cross products.
23 What is the maximum no of chars the parameter can store?
The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.
24 What is the main diff. bet. Reports 2.0 & Reports 2.5?
Report 2.5 is object oriented.
25 What is the frame & repeating frame?
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
26 What is the difference between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
27 What is the difference between object embedding & linking in Oracle forms?
In Oracle forms, Embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
28 What is the difference between boiler plat images and image items?
Boiler plate Images are static images (Either vector or bit map) that you import from the file system or database to use a graphical elements in your form, such as company logos and maps. Image items are special types of interface controls that store and display either vector or bitmap images. Like other items that store values, image items can be either base table items(items that relate directly to database columns) or control items. The definition of an image item is stored as part of the form module FMB and FMX files, but no image file is actually associated with an image item until the item is populate at run time.
29 What is the difference between $$DATE$$ & $$DBDATE$$ $$DBDATE$$ retrieves the current database date $$date$$ retrieves the current operating system date.
30 What is the diff. when Flex mode is mode on and when it is off?
When flex mode is on, reports automatically resizes the parent when the child is resized.
31 What is the diff. when confine mode is on and when it is off?
When confine mode is on, an object cannot be moved outside its parent in the layout.
32 What is the diff. bet. setting up of parameters in reports 2.0 reports 2.5?
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
33 What is the advantage of the library?
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
34 What is term?
The term is terminal definition file that describes the terminal form which you are using r20run.
35 What is system.coordination_operation?
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
36 What is synchronize?
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
37 What is strip sources generate options?
Removes the source code from the library file and generates a library files that contains only pcode. The resulting file can be used for final deployment, but can not be subsequently edited in the designer. ex. f45gen module=old_lib.pll userid=scott/tiger strip_source YES output_file
38 What is relation between the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.
39 What is pop list?
The pop list style list item appears initially as a single field (similar to a text item field). When the operator selects the list icon, a list of available choices appears.
40 What is new_form built-in?
When one form invokes another form by executing new_form oracle form exits the first form and releases its memory before loading the new form calling new form completely replace the first with the second. If there are changes pending in the first form, the operator will be prompted to save them before the new form is loaded.
41 What is lexical reference? How can it be created?
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
42 What is forms_DDL?
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/SQl and DDL
43 What is difference between open_form and call_form?
when one form invokes another form by executing open_form the first form remains displayed, and operators can navigate between the forms as desired. when one form invokes another form by executing call_form, the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is, any windows that belong to the calling form are disabled, and operators cannot navigate to them until they first exit the called form.
44 What is bind reference and how can it be created?
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
45 What is an user exit used for?
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments ) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control ( and ) back to Oracle reports.
46 What is an OLE?
Object Linking & Embedding provides you with the capability to integrate objects from many Ms-Windows applications into a single compound document creating integrated applications enables you to use the features form .
47 What is an object group?
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
48 What is an anchoring object & what is its use?
An anchoring object is a print condition object which used to explicitly or implicitly anchor other objects to itself.
49 What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
50 What is a timer?
Timer is an "internal time clock" that you can programmatically create to perform an action each time the timer expires.
51 What is a Text_io Package?
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
52 What is a text list?
The text list style list item appears as a rectangular box which displays the fixed number of values. When the text list contains values that can not be displayed, a vertical scroll bar appears, allowing the operator to view and select undisplayed values.
53 What is a property clause?
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
54 What is a physical page ? & What is a logical page ?
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
55 What is a library?
A library is a collection of subprograms including user named procedures, functions and packages.
56 What is a difference between pre-select and pre-query?
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
57 What is a combo box?
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
58 What does the term panel refer to with regard to pages?
A panel is the no. of physical pages needed to print one logical page.
59 What are visual attributes?
Visual attributes are the font, color, pattern proprieties that you set for form and menu objects that appear in your application interface.
60 What are three panes that appear in the run time pl/sql interpreter?
1.Source pane. 2. interpreter pane. 3. Navigator pane.
Regards
B RANGARAJAN -
Error in SQl Query - SQl Command not properly ended
Hi All
I have this SQL query that returns the following error when I run it in TOAD:
SELECT
VC.CAMPAIGN_NUMBER,VC.CAMPAIGN_TITLE,VC.CAMPAIGN_DESC,
VCV.START_DATE, VCV.END_DATE,VC.CAMPAIGN_TYPE,VC.APPLICABILITY,
VC.CAMPAIGN_PRIORITY
FROM
VM_CAMPAIGN_VIN VCV ,VM_CAMPAIGN VC
WHERE
VCV.VIN = 'US'
AND
VCV.CAMPAIGN_NUMBER = VC.CAMPAIGN_NUMBER AND VC.COUNTRY_CODE = 'E'
AND VC.LANGUAGE_CODE = 'L' AND VC.CAMPAIGN_TYPE = null
AND SYSDATE BETWEEN VCV.START_DATE AND VCV.END_DATE
AND SYSDATE BETWEEN VC.START_DATE AND VC.END_DATE)
A ORDER BY A.CAMPAIGN_PRIORITY DESC, A.END_DATE
The error is:
SQl Command not properly ended
Any help is highly appreciated. ThanksThanks a lot to everyone. It helped me run the query without any problem. Now I have another issue. This may not be the right place to post this question, I think.My apologies for that. The problem is, Weblogic posts an error as follows:
java.sql.SQLException: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
I am wondering if this is an Java related error or an SQL related error.
Well, I am using the SQL Statement which you helped debug, and it is inside something called "XXSQLConstants.java consisting of the following SQL statement:
public static final String XX_ALL_CAMPS_SELECT = "SELECT * FROM" +
"(SELECT vc.campaign_number, vc.campaign_title, vc.campaign_desc, vc.start_date," +
"vc.end_date, vc.campaign_type, vc.applicability, vc.campaign_priority" +
"FROM vm_campaign vc" +
"WHERE vc.applicability = 'Y'" +
"AND vc.country_code = ? " +
"AND vc.language_code = ? " +
"AND vc.campaign_type = ? "+
"AND SYSDATE BETWEEN vc.start_date AND vc.end_date" +
"AND NOT EXISTS (" +
"SELECT 'X'" +
"FROM vm_campaign_vin vcv" +
"WHERE (vcv.vin = ? " +
"AND vcv.campaign_number = vc.campaign_number" +
"))" +
"UNION" +
"SELECT vc.campaign_number, vc.campaign_title, vc.campaign_desc," +
"vcv.start_date, vcv.end_date, vc.campaign_type, vc.applicability," +
"vc.campaign_priority" +
"FROM vm_campaign_vin vcv, vm_campaign vc" +
"WHERE vcv.vin = ? " +
"AND vcv.campaign_number = vc.campaign_number" +
"AND vc.country_code = ? " +
"AND vc.language_code = ? " +
"AND vc.campaign_type IS NULL" +
"AND SYSDATE BETWEEN vcv.start_date AND vcv.end_date" +
"AND SYSDATE BETWEEN vc.start_date AND vc.end_date)";
The SQl runs fine when tested (well, it does not return any data for the rows returned, but there are no errors), but in my application server I get the following error (pointing out the same SQL code pasted above:
java.sql.SQLException: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
Any suggestions? Thanks in advance. I appreciate all replies -
UTL_HTTP, different error codes: APEX SQL Commands vs. Oracle SQL Developer
Hi, omniscient all!
I have a code sample where I try to request some URL from an inactive server:
declare
l_text varchar2(32000);
begin
l_text := utl_http.request('http://inactive.url:7777');
exception
when others then
declare
l_errcode number := utl_http.get_detailed_sqlcode;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(l_errcode);
dbms_output.put_line(sqlerrm(l_errcode));
end;
end;
/When I run it in Oracle SQL Developer it shows:
anonymous block completed
-12541
ORA-12541: TNS:no listenerWhen I run it in the APEX 4.0 SQL Commands window it shows:
-29263
ORA-29263: HTTP protocol error
Statement processed.The question is: why?
In real world, I need to make a HTTP POST request (no problem) and catch some exceptions. But instead of the usual ORA-12541 error APEX throws an ORA-29261 one.Any thoughts?
-
Hi,
I am new to SQL and would appreciate any help you can provide with this question.
For my project I have a two tables called PRICE_MODEL_BLANK and PRICE_ROLE
Here are the columns of interest for this problem:
PRICE_MODEL_BLANK
MONTH COUNTRY ROLETITLE SALARY
1/1/2012 USA MANAGER
PRICE_ROLE
COUNTRY ROLETITLE SALARY
USA MANAGER 1000
AUSTRALIA ASSOCIATE MANAGER 500
The goal here is ultimately to get the Salary from the PRICE_ROLE table into the PRICE_MODEL_BLANK table by matching up the COUNTRY AND ROLETITLE for all of the rows in the PRICE_MODEL_BLANK table.
I would like to do this in a view and also in an interactive report. If you could help with the SQL code I would greatly appreciate it, but if you also know if I can use the code to create a view from the PRICE_MODEL_ROLETITLE with the values inserted from the PRICE_TABLE and where I would use a query in an interactive report. I've tried editing the report and choosing "Interactive Report" attributes and placing the query in the conditions area, but I could not get it to work, probably b/c my code was wrong.
Any help with any of these would be greatly appreaciated.
Thanks,Thanks for the advice, point well taken. I have played with joins in the query builder alot, but I was never getting the results that I needed, so I started typing out queries in SQL commands. I am on my 3rd app in Apex and could use a little further advice if you don't mind. There are two columns COUNTRY and ROLETITLE that need to match to pull over the SALARY data in the join. The SALARY data exists in the PRICE_ROLE table, and I have a SALARY column in the PRICE_MODEL_BLANK table.
From what I understand about joins, aren't you actually moving columns or joining columns from one table to another? But what I am trying to do is to get the data from the SALARY column in PRICE_ROLE into the PRICE_MODEL_BLANK SALARY column whenever the country and roletitle matchup. Is this a different type of join then, like an inner join or not a join at all and something else?
Thank You, -
I have been forced to write some simple scripts for Windows users who use Oracle. I used to write in bash/ksh and have no experience at all about windows scripts. What I figured out is :
cmd file:
echo off
set script_dir= .
set log=%script_dir%\log\db.log
set scrsql=%script_dir%\db.sql
sqlplus /nolog @%scrsql% >> %log%
so my questions are :
- I would like to have all commands ( batch and sql) visible inside cmd file. Is it any way to put sql commands line by line into cmd file ?
- how to redirect output of sql command ( for example simple select ) to screen or file
- how to put external parameter into sql command ( for example select xx from yy where zz=@param)
KP>well, I do not see too much responses for my question - maybe it was not clear enough ?
Let me write it in this way:
I have a short ksh script:
+#!/usr/bin/ksh+
LOG_DIR=$ORACLE_HOME/dba/scripts/log
LOG=$LOG_DIR/log.txt
VAR=$2
export ORACLE_SID=$1
sqlplus -s '/as sysdba' << ! >> $LOG << call sqlplus commands inside a script
whenever sqlerror exit failure;
select * from table where columnsvalue= $VAR; << use variable in sql query
+!+
How to convert, in most easy way, such a script to windows batch. If I get an answer it solves almost all problems I have. -
How do I write this SQL command in Oracle
Hi all
I wriote this SQ L statement in Ms SQL Server. How do I write this sql command in Oracle?
ALTER VIEW dbo.ConsumptionAS SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT ID,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200710' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Oct2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200711' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Nov2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200712' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Dec2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200801' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jan2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200802' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Feb2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200803' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Mar2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200804' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Apr2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200805' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS May2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200806' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jun2008 ,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200807' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jul2008 ,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200808' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Aug2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200809' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Sep2008
FROM dbo.MasterConsumption WHERE YEAR_MONTH >= '200710' AND YEAR_MONTH <= '200809' GROUP BY ID ORDER BY ID
I am very interested in this part:
SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200710' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Oct2007
thanks
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 8:25 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 8:26 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 8:27 AMThank you!!
Now let me aslk the second part of my question.
This sql command:
ALTER VIEW dbo.ConsumptionAS SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT ID,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200710' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Oct2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200711' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Nov2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200712' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Dec2007,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200801' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jan2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200802' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Feb2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200803' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Mar2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200804' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Apr2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200805' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS May2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200806' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jun2008 ,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200807' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ Days_Usage) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Jul2008 ,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200808' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Aug2008,
CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = '200809' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS Sep2008
FROM dbo.MasterConsumption WHERE YEAR_MONTH >= '200710' AND YEAR_MONTH <= '200809' GROUP BY ID ORDER BY ID
was created with this query in SQL Server and then I saved it in a store procedure, that I scheduled to run montlhy
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
DECLARE @SQLString NVARCHAR(4000)
/* Build the SQL string once.*/
SET @SQLString = 'ALTER VIEW dbo.Consumption AS SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT ID, CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = ' +
"'" + dbo.CONLastMonth_fn(getdate(), month(getdate()) - 12) +
"'" +
' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS ' +
dbo.CONMonthInEnglish(getdate(), month(getdate()) - 12) +
… (GOES FROM current month -12 to current month -1)
, CONVERT(decimal(10, 2), SUM(CASE WHEN YEAR_MONTH = ' +
"'" + dbo.CONLastMonth_fn(getdate(), month(getdate()) - 1) +"'" +
' AND NbrDaysUsed != 0 THEN (QtyUsed/ NbrDaysUsed) * 748.05 ELSE 0 END)) AS ' +
dbo.CONMonthInEnglish(getdate(), month(getdate()) - 1) +
' FROM dbo.MasterConsumption WHERE YEAR_MONTH >= ' +
"'" + dbo.CONLastMonth_fn (getdate(), month(getdate())-12 ) +"'" +
' AND YEAR_MONTH <= ' +
"'" + dbo.CONLastMonth_fn (getdate(), month(getdate())-1 ) +"'" +
' GROUP BY ID ORDER BY ID '
EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
Is that something that can be done in Oracle in the same way?
Do you use another approach?
please advice
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:19 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:21 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:21 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:22 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:23 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:23 AM
Edited by: user631364 on Oct 27, 2008 10:24 AM
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