SSD in MBP 13" Retina Late 2013 doesn't work - Can't boot at all

Question

I have a new MacBook Pro 13" Retina which works flawlessly. It has a factory installed 512 GB SSD, which also works flawlessly. Then I bought basically the same type of 512 GB SSD, 2nd hand but new, which I intended to install in another MacBook Pro Retina Late 2013.
The seller told me it is compatible with the MBP Retina Late 2013, but when installed, the known to be good MBPR doesn't boot. Not from that SSD, not from an attached USD HDD which has two perfectly bootable Mavericks partitions. When pressing the alt-Key on booting, I can however see two partitions on that SSD (Mac OS X 10.8.4 and a Recovery Partition), yet it is not booting at all, thus also doesn't allow me to inspect or treat this SSD with Disk Utility or other tools.
All I get is the grey screen with the striked through circle sign (see attached image). I've tried both, PRAM reset and SMC reset, no change.
Here comes the interesting part: Although both SSD look identical, they have slightly different model and part numbers (see attached image).
Working, factory installed SSD: Model MZ-JPUS512T/0A6. Part No. 665-1805D
Non-booting, 2nd hand SSD: Model MZ-JPUS512T/0A2. Part No. 665-1805A
Any ideas what’s going on here and how to solve this?

Answer 1

Excellent point! Mac OS X 10.9.1 doesn’t equal Mac OS X 10.9.1!
Back in the bad old days of Mac OS X Install DVDs, I was aware of the fact that there were different versions of the OS X Installer testing against the Mac ID to make sure that bundled versions get only installed on those Macs which the DVD came with. And the DVD where clearly labeled in that sense.
Now in the days of Internet download and installation from USB sticks, SSD and HDD, one completely forgets about this. On the other hand, with Mavericks being free, I don’t understand the need for such limitations, and not at least the recovery partition allows booting any Mac which supports Mavericks.
When you boot with the alt-Key pressed and you see at least one partition with Mac OS X 10.9.1, one just doesn’t understand why the heck the Mac doesn’t boot. Now I do. Apple would be well advised to simply add a short info line, like „This version of Mac OS X is missing components to boot this Mac. Please re-install from the AppStore using this computer“. It would take out A LOT of guesswork.
Anyhow… I booted the MBPR using the working SSD, installed Mavericks from the AppStore on the external USB HDD, switched the SSDs, booted from the external USD HDD’s now bootable 10.9.1 Recovery Partition, wiped the suspicious non-booting SSD and installed Mavericks. No further problems. (Completely forgot about the CMD-OPT-R Internet Recover Mode keg55 has mentioned…)
Thanks for the hint!