Swap space and tempdb

Hi,
I'm having RAID 1 and RAID 5. RAID 1 is partitioned into 3 drive letters, C, D, and E. RAID 5 got only 1 partition, which is drive F. C for OS, D for SAP Kernel, E for Transaction Log and F for SAP Data.
In which drive should I allocate for swap space and tempdb? Of course for better performance I should have got separate hard disk for these, but unfortunately I can't.
Any suggestion.
BTW, my platform is Windows 2003 Enterprise and SQL Server 2005.
Rgds,
Hapizorr

Dear Hapizorr,
I recommend you review this document developed by Microsoft specifically for SAP systems:
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/4ab89e84-0d01-0010-cda2-82ddc3548c65
This will answer your question.
Thanks
N.P.C

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Is useing swap space and hibernation secure?

As I understand it when you hibernate your system the ram is written to the swap space and the computer powers down. Is this secure and encrypted?

seniorsassycat wrote:As I understand it when you hibernate your system the ram is written to the swap space and the computer powers down. Is this secure and encrypted?
No, it is not. But are ypou running arch from an encrypted filesystem? Otherwise it would be pojntless. Anyway the normal swap is not encrypted either, at least by default.
Last edited by olive (2012-06-18 13:53:22)

How is SWAP space and Oracle's Shared Memory related ?

Platform: RHEL 5.4
Oracle Version: 11.2
I was trying to increase MEMORY_TARGET to 15g. Then I encountered the following error
SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=20g scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set memory_target=15g scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> startup
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select name from v$database;
select name from v$database
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 189 Serial number: 9From the below post
MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
I gathered that In Linux, if you want to set MEMORY_TARGET, MEMORY_MAX_TARGET to nGB , then you should have a SWAP ( /dev/shm ) of nGB.
My Swap was only 16gb and I was trying to set memory_max_target to 20g
$ df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 16G 7.2G 8.6G 46% /dev/shmNow, I am wondering how is Oracle's Shared Memory (SGA+PGA) related to SWAP space in a server ? Shouldn't Oracle's Shared Memory be related to Physical RAM rather than disk based SWAP space ?

related question:
In the above mentioned OTN article it says ,
You could encounter ORA-00845 if your shared memory is not mapped to /dev/shm
I think he meant
You could encounter ORA-00845 if your SWAP space is not mapped to /dev/shm .
Am I right ?

SWAP space and RAM size

Hi all,
However there is no specific measurement for providing SWAP space,there is a ganeral rule says that "SWAP space must be twice the amount of RAM"...Why this specific value(twice of RAM)..Why it cant be the thrice amount? May i know what is the reason for telling this rule?
Please can anyone tell me?
Jasmine

Hi
The minimum requirement should be twice the size of RAM.This is because when a core dump occurs the whole active process avaulable in RAM will be written as a core file .the file will be initially written in the swap.The swap has to hold the full amount of memory and inturn swap will also have some files active.So as a minimum requirement you should have twice the amount of RAM as Swap Space.If you have a high storage and you dont know what to do give to to swap,No issue in that.

How do I keep Warp Stabilizer and aeselflink from filling my swap space?

Hello,
I'm running the lastest version of AE on OS X, when I try and run warp stabilizer on a composition, aeselflink grows the virtual memory it uses (> 50GB) until it fills my swap space and causes my machine to hang, because the hard drive is full.
Running AE's Edit->Purge options has no effect on the amount of virtual memory used. I have to quit AE to get aeselflink to quit and free the memory used. How can I limit the virtual memory used by aeselflink to something reasonable?

I'm not aware of a way to control this in any more detail, but this stuff obeys the settings you make in the Render Multiple Frames Simultanuously prefs if used. Otherwise it will use factory defaults which should never use more than 4GB. Anyway, the behavior you see is highly irregular no matter what. Sounds like a memory leak, so maybe you can provide more info, including which AE version, what footages etc.
Mylenium

Difference between page file and swap space

Hello friends
What is difference between swap space and page file???
I set the page file to 0 MB(No page file) but when I use Everest Software it show 1023 MB swap Space.Is there difference between them?

Swapping meaning data in and out from memory ie. primary to secondary. Paging is also the same thing, but its mostly used nowadays as virtual memory is based on pages. So, its like pages in and out. Swap space the memory used for swapping entire processes
from system memory into the swapfile. Where as paging transfers the pages to page file when the memory is almost full.
Regarding Everest, I think you should check with the supplier.
Arnav Sharma | Facebook |
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reading the thread.

Problem with swap space

Hi All,
Using Oracle 10gR1, Solaris 9.
prtconf | grep "Memory size"
Memory size: 16384 Megabytesswap space is 16g
Pga_aggregate_target = 2G and after checking the v$pga_target_advice, it shows optimal.
Currently we have a issue of swap space getting used up nearly 100%. The system was out of memory and can't run any application
Alert logs error;
ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [_aio_free_stack_unlocked()+72] [SIGBUS] [Object specific hardware error] [0xFFFFFFFF7B602000] [] []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ksnpost:ksnigb], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-04030: out of process memory when trying to allocate 588408 bytes (pga heap,kco buffer)On checking Metalink note, it said its an unhandled Oracle exception; have to increase the swap space.
AWR excerpt;
Cache Sizes (end)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Buffer Cache:     4,848M      Std Block Size:         8K
           Shared Pool Size:     3,985M          Log Buffer:     1,024K
Load Profile
~~~~~~~~~~~~                            Per Second       Per Transaction
                  Redo size:             63,328.92              2,116.68
              Logical reads:              4,946.83                165.34
              Block changes:                257.73                  8.61
             Physical reads:              1,267.50                 42.36
            Physical writes:                 72.44                  2.42
                 User calls:                385.83                 12.90
                     Parses:                 84.22                  2.81
                Hard parses:                  0.04                  0.00
                      Sorts:                 10.53                  0.35
                     Logons:                  0.14                  0.00
                   Executes:                211.35                  7.06
               Transactions:                 29.92
% Blocks changed per Read:    5.21    Recursive Call %:    13.56
Rollback per transaction %:    0.29       Rows per Sort:    94.72
Top 5 Timed Events
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                        % Total
Event                                 Waits    Time (s)   DB Time     Wait Class
row cache lock                       16,498      45,001     43.44    Concurrency
log file switch (checkpoint in       30,766      30,281     29.23 Configuration
db file sequential read           2,873,716      10,796     10.42       User I/O
buffer busy waits                     8,870       8,718      8.42    Concurrency
db file parallel write                  421       3,848      3.71     System I/O
          -------------------------------------------------------------On increasing the swap space, and restarting the instance, the system was normal.
Now why does oracle use up all the swap space and what can be the workaround to avoid this in future?

Verma wrote:
Using Oracle 10gR1, Solaris 9.
swap space is 16gOracle 10gR2 swap space recommendations are:
- 1 GB - 2 GB = 1.5 times the size of RAM
- 2 GB - 8 GB = equal to the size of RAM
- Greater than 8GB = 0.75 times the size of RAM
Currently we have a issue of swap space getting used up nearly 100%. The system was out of memory and can't run any applicationThat is unusual and should not be happening when you have what seems to be an excess of memory available. This could mean some kind of bug (memory leakage for example), or it could mean plain old fashion abuse of memory. Like PL/SQL code that attempts to bulk fetch a few million rows from the database with a single go.
On checking Metalink note, it said its an unhandled Oracle exception; have to increase the swap space.Wrong IMO (unless you were not following the recommended swap size factor). If you have have a giant swap area..moving the wall a few meters away (by increasing swap) will only enable you to run faster into it - I doubt that this is the intent of that Metalink note.
On increasing the swap space, and restarting the instance, the system was normal.
Now why does oracle use up all the swap space and what can be the workaround to avoid this in future?Oracle only use what is needed to perform the client requests that it receives. If the client request a mountain of data to be moved/processed, Oracle will try to oblige. If that mountain topples and crushes server resources, it is not Oracle that is to blame for trying to do exactly what was requested from it.

Consuming more swap space after upgrade from 10.2.0.1 to 10,2.0.4 on Solari

Hi,
After upgrading 10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.4. Out of four database in one database is consuming more swap space. and in another database while executing catupgrd.sql, it is coming out with error ORa-04030 out of process memory error.
thanks in adavance
Anil Pinto

For your ORA-04030 error, pl see if MOS Doc 414237.1 (ORA-00600 [kksCallPopCallback] ORA-04030 (kxs-heap-c,kdbmal allocation) While Upgrading The Database From 9.2.0 To 10.2.0, With ORA-03113 Errors Halting The Execution Of catupgrd.sql on UNIX platforms) can help
HTH
Srini

Checking Swap space from OS level in HPUX

Hi All,
We have some issues with swap in our SAP production system when I checked the ST06 Tcode
Swap
Configured swap     Kb    20,971,520     Maximum swap-space Kb    54,389,460
Free in swap-space Kb     8,945,160     Actual swap-space   Kb    54,389,460
And when I checked from the OS level ,it gave me the following result
swapinfo
             Kb      Kb      Kb   PCT START/      Kb
TYPE      AVAIL    USED    FREE USED   LIMIT RESERVE PRI NAME
dev     1048576 658208 390368   63%       0       -    1 /dev/vg00/lvol2
dev     19922944 889824 19033120    4%       0       -    1 /dev/vg00/lvol9
reserve       - 19423488 -19423488
memory 33417940 24781076 8636864   74%
Does it mean that total swap space is (1048576 + 19922944)KB which is 20GB?
If yes ,then how to increase the swap space in UNIX based systems?
SWAP SPACE = 3*RAM? If yes ,do we need to put swap size =60 GB?
In ST06
what is the difference between CONFIGURED SWAP-SPACE and ACTUAL SWAP-SPACE?
Regards,
Prashant
Edited by: Prashant Shukla on Oct 13, 2008 4:21 AM
Edited by: Prashant Shukla on Oct 13, 2008 4:23 AM

Hi,
Thanks for ur reply but when I checked it from OS level why it is showing only 20GB ?
What's the diff between configured and actual swap space ?
I checked SAP Notes :146289 and 153641
They clearly says that swap space should be atleast 20 GB plus 10 GB for additional Instance for the server.
In our landscape we have CI and 4 dialog instance connected to it
that means our swap space should be 20 + 10*4=60 GB
We are having HPUX server and ST06 Swap values are
Swap
Configured swap     Kb    20,971,520   Maximum swap-space Kb    54,389,460
Free in swap-space Kb     8,697,960   Actual swap-space   Kb    54,389,460
Do we need to increase the SWAP Space to increase the system performance?
What is difference between configured swap and actual swap space ?
SAP Note 1112627 clearly says that SWAP SPACE = 2* RAM for HPUX servers.
What do you guys say about this?
Regards,
Prashant
Edited by: Prashant Shukla on Oct 13, 2008 5:15 AM
Edited by: Prashant Shukla on Oct 13, 2008 5:53 AM

V890 ran out of swap space cause for Oracle Database curruption.

We have Oracle running on V890 which was crashed due to low swap space and didn't find any hardware issue with the server.
Even after database crash 7gb is showing in use.
and there is absolute no use of swap space on this server
bash-3.00# uname -a
SunOS oracle-a01-00 5.10 Generic_127127-11 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Fire-V890.
last pid: 18804; load avg: 0.05, 0.05, 0.04; up 16+18:16:30 08:19:11
95 processes: 94 sleeping, 1 on cpu
CPU states: 99.9% idle, 0.0% user, 0.1% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap
Memory: 32G phys mem, 25G free mem, 56G total swap, 56G free swap.
Can someone help us to find root cause for this issue???
Thanks
Ravi

Sorry this took so long. Here is part of the alert log. I am sorry it is so long. This sequence is repeated over and over again. I am only guessing, but does the fourth to last line suggest that one of the redo files is corrupted, again, because the machine ran out of space?
ORA-600 signalled during: alter database open...
Mon Sep 19 10:48:48 2005
Restarting dead background process QMN0
QMN0 started with pid=12
Mon Sep 19 10:54:51 2005
Restarting dead background process QMN0
QMN0 started with pid=12
Dump file d:\oracle\admin\orcld\bdump\alert_orcld.log
Mon Sep 19 10:42:49 2005
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
Mon Sep 19 10:42:51 2005
alter database mount exclusive
Mon Sep 19 10:42:56 2005
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2931047851
Mon Sep 19 10:42:56 2005
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.
Completed: alter database mount exclusive
Mon Sep 19 10:42:56 2005
alter database open
Mon Sep 19 10:42:57 2005
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
Mon Sep 19 10:42:57 2005
Started redo scan
Mon Sep 19 10:43:00 2005
Errors in file d:\oracle\admin\orcld\udump\orcld_ora_2652.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcratr1_lostwrt], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

Swap Partitioning and multiple disks

Ok so I have been setting up a workstation with Arch Linux that has a total of 16GB of RAM and, because it will run very memory intensive applications we actually require a large swap partition. Because this may eventually get upgraded to even more RAM we decided to go with a 50 GB swap partition.
I also have two drives in the machine, the primary 500GB HDD and a smaller 250 GB HDD that we wanted to use for a /backup partition as well as swap space and so I set up the disks as follows:
sda (500 GB):
/ (30 GB Primary Partition)
/home (435 GB Primary Partition)
/usr/local (2 GB Primary Partition)
sdb (250 GB)
50 GB Primary swap partition
/backup (~200 GB Primary Partition)
Now when I am in gparted or cfdisk that is how these partitions show up. If I do a df I see
sda1, sda2, sda3, and sdb2 but instead of seeing what woul;d be sdb1 as a large swap I see an 8 GB swap listed as being mounted on /dev/shm (which I think is normal).
After reading this:
http://lissot.net/partition/partition-04.html
I think the problem is that I don't have a swap partition set on my 500 GB drive. It seems like any bootable drive needs a swap partition on it. Although my system boots fine and I haven't had any problems running it yet I do need to get this swap partition straightened out otherwise the machine will have issues when it is fully operational and running heavy jobs.
IS this the problem? And if so would the best way to fix it be to use parted to shrink my /home partition by a few GB and make a small swap partition on that drive at the end of the drive space? Right now it is laid out as:
|---------------- / ----------------| |---- /usr/local ----| |------------------------------------------ /home ------------------------------------------|
Suggestions, ideas?
Thanks

The output from free -m is:
<code>
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16018 15372 645 0 91 14600
-/+ buffers/cache: 679 15338
Swap: 47685 0 47685
</code>
For comparison here is the output from my laptop (also Arch Linux):
<code>
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2025 614 1411 0 12 232
-/+ buffers/cache: 370 1655
Swap: 1019 0 1019
</code>
It has an ~ 1GB swap partition but it's df also shows something at /dev/shm:
<code>
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 12G 7.6G 3.4G 70% /
none 1013M 0 1013M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 78G 28G 47G 37% /data
</code>
In gparted on my laptop /dev/sda2 is the swap partition with size: 1019 MB
Going by free -m on the workstation it looks like it is seeing the ~50 GB swap partition and it is mounted in /etc/fstab so perhaps I have nothing to worry about? Is it actually necessary that your bootable disk has a swap partition on it? Both disks (sda and sdb) actually have at least one partition flagged as bootable but sda (which has / and /home on it) didn't have a swap partition on that disk.
Thanks for all the help.

Swap Space in Linux

Hi,
I am newbie to Linux.How to increase the Swap Space in Linux for Oracle 10g Installation.Is it possible to create the Swap space without Reboot in Resue Mode.Tell some commands about Swap space and File system.
Thank You,
With Regards,

1. Find a filesystem or partition on which you want to create swap space. Lets say root filesystem /
2. Example -> dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=65536
3. Making of swapfile -> mkswap /swapfile
4. Immediately enable swap -> swapon /swapfile
5. To enable it at boot time edit /etc/fstab to include -> */swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0*
Finally Check with you Unix system administrator before doing these commands.
Ss

Do we need SWAP Space?

Hi Folks!
I am running Archlinux 64bit on my System with 4096 Mb RAM. I use my System for Programming (Java, C), Gaming (UT2004, Enemy Territory, True Combat Elite, Doom3, ....), Distributed Computing (Boinc), Email, Surfing the Net, Watching and Converting Videos , Picture processing (Gimp) and Office work in general (Printing, Writing, ...).
There was never a lack of memory on my System and my Swap Space, which have an amount of 2000 Mb, is never used.
I would shrink it to 512 Mb, but i would not delete this partition.
By the way: i do not use the hibernate Funktion. In that case i should give at least 4096 Mb to the Swap Partition.
Here are some interesting Articles about that Problem:
http://sourcefrog.net/weblog/software/l … /swap.html
http://kerneltrap.org/node/3660
http://www.linux.com/feature/121916
What do you thing about this issue?
Greetz
roost

iphitus wrote:In shining's case, something must have been forking off, possibly make starting new compilation processes.
Actually, I just checked some old mails and here are some precisions :
1) the first time, the box was totally unresponsive, and nothing visible had been killed
2) the second time, it killed both firefox and gnome. I suspect I had the compilation running in screen, so that was still going on.
And with firefox and gnome killed, the box was much more responsive
Also I believe that I was using makeflags -j3 in both cases. So probably that does not help with memory usage.
And it could also indeed makes the task of oom killer more difficult.
So if I ever want to compile it again, I can do two things : running outside X to free a lot of mem, and with -j1
Besides, I have only 1gb. So people with 2gb and more probably don't need to care about this.
But I still think that it is better to have some swap space, and have the system slows down because of swap usage in extreme conditions, rather than having the oom killer kill tasks and losing potentially important data / work / whatever.
Now if you know that the maximum memory usage you can achieve doing something productive is lower than your mem, then it is fine.
Actually I have only 1gb and no swap, the only times I had problems is with this octave compilation, and I was not even using the box at this point, I just let it compile, so I did not lose anything.

GWTDOMAIN using lots of swaps space in WLE 4.2!!!

We are having problem in one our of non- production environments where the GWTDOMAIN is using lots of swap space and not releasing them. It got so bad that the swap space used was 100% and we had to "kill -9" this GWTDOMAIN and bounce it again to to release this space. Is this a known bug and if not what can I do to resolve this problem
or do we need to open a trouble ticket with BEA to fix.
Thank for your help.
Bayo Alege
Senior Analyst, Systems
CIMG
513-723-2954

Excessive archivelog generation on an EM12c repository database may mean you are hitting bug 14726136. Please see MOS note 1502370.1. I would suggest filing an SR with support to confirm whether or not you are experiencing this bug; they can help you with some additional analysis.

Swap space is reducing

Hello Sun Gurus,
I monitor swap space daily. From last 3-4 days I am finding that free swap sapce is reducing day by day. However, our system is stable and we haven't installed any new software/application on this.
Please tell me what is going wrong on the system.
Regards
Gaurav

Your system is probably doing just what it is supposed to do. Take a look at this article, it may explain what you're seeing.
http://www.sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld/UIR951001perf.html
Below is an excerpt, explaining why swap doesn't seem to clean itself up after closing an application:
Launch your application again. Notice that it starts up more quickly than it did the first time, and with less disk activity. The application code and its data files are still in memory, even though they are not active. The memory they occupy is not "free." If you restart the same application it finds the pages that are already in memory. The pages are attached to the inode cache entries for the files. If you start a different application, and there is insufficient free memory, the kernel will scan for pages that have not been touched for a long time, and "free" them. Once you quit the first application, the memory it occupies is not being touched, so it will be freed quickly for use by other applications.
In 1988, Sun introduced this feature in SunOS 4.0. It still applies to all versions of Solaris 1 and 2. The kernel is trying to avoid disk reads by caching as many files as possible in memory. Attaching to a page in memory is around 1,000 times faster than reading it in from disk. The kernel figures that you paid good money for all of that RAM, so it will try to make good use of it by retaining files you might need.
By contrast, Memory leaks appear as a shortage of swap space after the misbehaving program runs for a while. You will probably find a process that has a larger than expected size. You should restart the program to free up the swap space, and check it with a debugger that offers a leak-finding feature (SunSoft's DevPro debugger, for example).

Swap space and tempdb

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