Swap space - upgrading to solaris 8

Hi
I have Solaris 2.6, 3Gb RAM and
# swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4 32,4 16 527024 378752.
# vmstat
procs memory page disk faults cpu
r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr f0 m1 m1 m1 in sy cs us sy id
0 0 0 22392 13240 10 379 282 191 219 0 5 0 0 0 8 1381 5898 4631 6 5 89
# sar -r 1
SunOS nwlabs 5.6 Generic_105181-26 sun4u 02/26/02
16:26:54 freemem freeswap
16:26:55 5964 4947043
The Solaris 8 Advanced Installation Guide recommends allocating at least 512Mbytes of swap space before upgrading. Is this referring to swap disk or total swap space?
Do I need to allocate more swap space before upgrading to Solaris 8?
Thanks
D

If you are using the "Installation" cd with Solaris 8 then it requires a minimum of 512 to store the "installer" in swap so it can do the installation. If you forego the use of the Installer CD and start the Installation with Disk 1 of 2 then you don't have to worry about swap issues. The Advanced Installation Guide seems to indicate that you should use the WebStart Installer but it is not needed.
If you are doing an upgrade then it will use what you already have set up as a swap slice. If you are doing an initial install then you can make swap whatever you want.

Similar Messages

Swap space usage in solaris 2.6

Hi
I'm confused abt how the OS uses the swap space in the solaris 2.6. My system has the following configuration.
RAM - 2560 M.
Disk based memory for swap - 513 M (From 'top' / 'swap -l' command)
The 'df -k' over the "/tmp" directory is showing Total around 1.8 GB space for the "swap" volume mounted over "/tmp".
Does it mean that, only 513M of 1.8 GB is allocated for a swap slice?? BTW this is the only swap slice that our system has. So what's happening to the remaining part of 1.8 GB?? Is it getting wasted??
When does the OS exactly starts using the disk memory?? Is it like if the OS finds that the available RAM is not sufficient for its memory operations then it starts using the disk memory??
Any help in clearing my doubts would be highly apreciated.
Rgds
ravi

Hi
Thanks for the response. I understand the concept of anonymous memory. But what is confusing me is the "/tmp" directory. The "df -k" command over the "/tmp" directory is always showing used % as 1%. Also the "swap -s" is never matching with the output of "df -k".. ( I suppose both represent the Virtual attributes of swap space i.e. disk backed memory + portion of the RAM).
for example following is the output of the above commands at a particular instance.
df -k
swap 1908728 1768 1906960 1% /tmp
tcsb.tcs.gs1::/users/tcsuser/tmp-> swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 32,1 16 1049744 84048
tcsb.tcs.gs1::/users/tcsuser/tmp-> swap -s
total: 589008k bytes allocated + 98672k reserved = 687680k used, 1908920k available
Is there anything i'm missing here??
-ravi

What is normal swap space utilization on Solaris 10

Hi all,
I'm running Oracle 11.2 on Solaris 10 on a couple of HP Proliant DL 360 servers.
Both servers have 72G of physical RAM with swap space set to 16G on both of them.
Server A has only one database and total memory free = 30G.
Server A
top: Memory: 72G phys mem, 30G free mem, 16G total swap, 16G free swap
swap -s:   total: 27249744k bytes allocated + 13873764k reserved = 41123508k used, 1000552k available
prstat:
NPROC USERNAME SWAP   RSS MEMORY      TIME CPU
   257 oracle     39G   38G    53% 222:11:52 5.6%
    31 root       57M   59M   0.1% 414:47:23 0.1%
     1 smmsp    1776K 7736K   0.0%   0:00:34 0.0%
     6 zabbix   4752K 4092K   0.0%   0:58:31 0.0%
     4 daemon   3864K 6456K   0.0%   0:00:35 0.0%Server B has two databases and total memory free = 9G.
Server B
top: Memory: 72G phys mem, 9890M free mem, 16G total swap, 16G free swap
swap -s: total: 29223360k bytes allocated + 627312k reserved = 29850672k used, 16926320k available
prstat:
NPROC USERNAME SWAP   RSS MEMORY      TIME CPU
   157 oracle     28G   28G    39% 15:38:41 0.4%
    34 root       58M   65M   0.1%   2:56:57 0.0%
     6 zabbix   5580K 4816K   0.0%   0:00:31 0.0%
     1 smmsp    1776K 5724K   0.0%   0:00:00 0.0%
     5 hpsmh      17M   13M   0.0%   0:00:00 0.0%
     4 daemon   3204K 5912K   0.0%   0:00:00 0.0%We are using zfs file system on both servers (which is pretty much the standard these days on Solaris).
Recently I got an OEM alert that my swap space on server A had crossed the 95% threshhold on one of the servers.
But when I checked the server, I found that the average swap space utilization was 97.45.
In fact, what actually happened was my swap utilization momentarily dropped below 95% and then returned back to its normal range above 95% which caused the alert to be triggered.
So this made me wonder why my swap space utilization was so high on server A, or is this just normal for Solaris (v.10).
Checking with server B, I see that my swap utilization is only at 63.6% (even though server B has much more physical memory in use by the two databases than server A).
Main question is why is swap utilization so high on server A, which is configured the same as server B and with less physical memory actually in use.
Next question is should I be concerned.
When I check vmstat, I do not see any paging in or out or blocked processes.
See below for server A
Server A
$ vmstat -S 5 5
kthr      memory            page            disk          faults      cpu
r b w   swap free si so pi po fr de sr s0 s1 s2 s5   in   sy   cs us sy id
0 0 0 1059868 30507176 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 -0 123 30 13742 25008 7264 5 2 93
0 0 0 1024076 30982140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 122 4433 14793 6854 6 2 92
0 0 0 1030292 30987500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 4055 15049 7014 8 1 91
0 0 0 1044484 30999572 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129 5905 19196 8127 6 1 93
0 0 0 1028584 30987636 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114 10611 19925 7259 6 3 90

974632 wrote:
Looks like we don't have 'free' on these Solaris boxes (only the man pages).
I'm guessing that free is for linux (since it works fine on my linux boxes).
$ whereis free
free: /usr/man/man3c/free.3cdarn!
Realize that SWAP is purely an OS facility; which is 100% external to Oracle.
The OS send little used or idle processes into SWAP when RAM is scarce resource.
The fact that SWAP is being used is not a Bad Thing, in and of itself.
as long as vmstat shows that BI+BO > SI+SO I would ignore the Chicken Little warnings.

Available swap space problem in solaris 10

Dear All,
Currently I am facing a most interesting problem regarding swap space.
We have assigned mirrored slice swap space with 20G size. But when we are asking for swap space it is only showing around 2GB.
1. Please have the swap area:
root@palash # swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d1 85,1 16 41945456 35002784
root@palash # swap -s
total: 53562072k bytes allocated + 5689008k reserved = 59251080k used, 615704k available
2. Please have the metastat output:
root@palash # metastat d1
d1: Mirror
Submirror 0: d11
State: Okay
Submirror 1: d21
State: Okay
Pass: 1
Read option: roundrobin (default)
Write option: parallel (default)
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
d11: Submirror of d1
State: Okay
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t0d0s1 0 No Okay Yes
d21: Submirror of d1
State: Okay
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t1d0s1 0 No Okay Yes
3. Here is /etc/vfstab entry for swap:
/dev/md/dsk/d1 - - swap - no -
4. But when we checked swap space using df command:
root@palash # df -h
Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/md/dsk/d0 18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /
/devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices
ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract
proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc
mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab
swap 1.7G 1.7M 1.7G 1% /etc/svc/volatile
objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object
sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_psr/libc_psr_hwcap1.so.1
18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_psr.so.1
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr/libc_psr_hwcap1.so.1
18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1
fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd
swap 1.7G 184K 1.7G 1% /tmp
swap 1.7G 64K 1.7G 1% /var/run
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s4 20G 20M 19G 1% /redo2
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s1 276G 223G 50G 82% /oradata2
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s3 195G 198M 193G 1% /restore
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s0 276G 216G 57G 80% /oradata1
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s5 59G 60M 58G 1% /system1
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s0 276G 220G 53G 81% /index1
/dev/md/dsk/d3 30G 24G 5.7G 81% /oracle
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s1 197G 53G 142G 28% /archive1
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s3 20G 20M 19G 1% /redo1
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t6d0/disk1
0K 0K 0K 0% /cdrom/disk1
Please help me to indentify the reason.

918597 wrote:
Hello,
Thanks for your reply.
But I am not clear about your findings as we have around 64GB physical RAM in my machine.
My question is that if we mount 20GB swap partition, then how we can see this is around less than 2 GB in df -h command.
And even in swap -s command, this is showing same problem.
What might be reason behind this????
//PalashWell no-one else has anwered ... so its back to me.....
Hmmm ... i would use the word observations rather than findings .... I am not on an old root explotation expedition all over our server .. merely observing on the morsels you show me ....
Please be aware I may not be totally technically correct or be using right terminology on what follows so I welcome corrections ....
Your machine has 64GB Memory, and a 20 GB swap file, therefore has the ability up to support 84GB total (Virtual) Memory ofr it's processes/buffers.
The reason little swap is free (let us say 2GB ... thoug it may be 600m) is theat processes/buffers have a virutal memory requirement of 84GB-2GB = 82Gb.
... So rather than wondering about how come 2GB is left, start thinking about ow 82GB is being used.
...... Particularly with databases oracle RDBMS; mysql etc a big influencing factor can be how much memory is allocated its memory structures.
.......... And a DBA may set these extremely high (memory_max / innodb-buffer-pool-size etc etc).
ps -ef will show the (virtual) 'size' for individual processes
prstat -a may help show what is going on (but may double account some things):
ipcs -a would show the allocation for the oracle RDBMS memory_area,
echo ::memstat | mdb -k ### may help ... but i have seen accounts of it taking ages to run.
I'd also check kstat zfs ... but your not using zfs so no need to bother.
.... You may need to show some evidence of how your applications are consuming virutal memory for someone to help you futher ... but if you do htis who may answer your own quesiton.

Consuming more swap space after upgrade from 10.2.0.1 to 10,2.0.4 on Solari

Hi,
After upgrading 10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.4. Out of four database in one database is consuming more swap space. and in another database while executing catupgrd.sql, it is coming out with error ORa-04030 out of process memory error.
thanks in adavance
Anil Pinto

For your ORA-04030 error, pl see if MOS Doc 414237.1 (ORA-00600 [kksCallPopCallback] ORA-04030 (kxs-heap-c,kdbmal allocation) While Upgrading The Database From 9.2.0 To 10.2.0, With ORA-03113 Errors Halting The Execution Of catupgrd.sql on UNIX platforms) can help
HTH
Srini

Swap Space Usage Solaris 8

Hello to all.
I had an application (a C programme) running on Solaris 2.4. Recently i upgraded to Solaris 8.
I recompiled this application (everything went smoothly). However i have a serious problem i
cannot debug further. This application runs as a daemon. As the time passes it eats all my swap space
available and never releases it. When i run out of swap space, the application crashes and has to be
restarted.
Any ideas what may be the problem ?

Sounds like a memory leak.

How can i increase the swap space in solaris 11

On Solaris 10 I use to select how much swap space i need while installing
On Solaris 11 it does it automatically? if it does, how can increase the swap

You can easily create a ZFS volume, see "zfs create -V" for ideas. Then using the swap command you can add that space to your swap. You can also delete swap space with "swap -d" even though that does not delete the underlying ZFS volume.

Swap Space on Solaris 8

We just installed Solaris 8 and allocated 2GB of swap space on the first slice of the disk. When I issue a df -k command, this comes out.
swap 3.5 GB /var/run
swap 3.5 GB /tmp
Is this normal? Where did it get the extra 1.5 GB that it allocated for swap? How about the other 3.5 GB where did it all come from? Can somebody shed light on this? Thanks.

That's normal. To quote from the system administration guide:
http://docs.sun.com
�The Solaris environment uses the concept of virtual swap space, a layer between anonymous memory
pages and the physical storage (or disk-backed swap space) that actually back these pages. A
system's virtual swap space is equal to the sum of all its physical (disk-backed) swap space plus a
portion of the currently available physical memory.�
I.e. you probably have ~ 2GB memory in the machine + the 2 GB disk
based swap you've configured gives ~3.5GB virtual swap.
The two mount points /tmp and /var/run are two different filesystems
that allocate space from the same virtual swap space. They share the
swap resource, that is, if you put things in /tmp, not only the space
available in /tmp but also the space available for /var/run decreases.

Solaris: The System does not have the required swap space

I'm trying to install Oracle onto Solaris 9. The installation check fails with the error
The System does not have the required swap space.
I've read the install Guide I get the following when I do the memory checks
bash-2.05# /usr/sbin/prtconf | grep "Memory size"
Memory size: 1024 Megabytes
bash-2.05# /usr/sbin/swap -s
total: 767688k bytes allocated + 117080k reserved = 884768k used, 379040k available
The install guide doesn't say how to increase the Swap Space. I would like to increase the Swap Space just for the duration of the installation. From the install guide I'll need a Swap Space of 1.5 times the Ram on the machine so I'll need 1.5GB Swap Space. Can someone help me out with the required syntax to increase the Swap File Size?

Found something on the web that did the trick. Create a few files and then add to your swap.. In case it's of interest to anyone else here's what I had to do
swap -l (lists files in swap)
mkdir /tmp/swap/ (create dir for file to add to swap)
mkfile tmp/swap/swap11 (create file for swap)
swap -a tmp/swap/swap11 (add file to swap)
swap -l (check files in swap)

Solaris: Increase the swap space

Hi all,
I am the developer, not the DBA, but actually should make some DBA-job.
On our solaris server I should increase the swap space, but I don't know how to make this...
From time to time I get the following error message in system log files:
WARNING: Sorry, no swap space to grow stack for pid 21209 (oracle)After this the database write the ORA-04030 and ORA-07445 errors in the alertlog and restarts.
Here are some data from our system:
oracle@dbs:/etc# ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
open files (-n) 256
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 10
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 29995
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
oracle@dbs:~# /usr/sbin/prtconf | grep "Memory size"
Memory size: 16384 Megabytes
oracle@dbs:~# swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d60 85,60 16 16790384 15262496
oracle@dbs:~# swap -s
total: 12874104k bytes allocated + 1090112k reserved = 13964216k used, 6825384k available
oracle@dbs:~# top -d1 | grep "total swap"
Memory: 16G phys mem, 972M free mem, 8198M total swap, 7465M free swap
SQL> select * from v$pgastat;
NAME                                       VALUE UNIT
aggregate PGA target parameter         629145600 bytes
aggregate PGA auto target               39321600 bytes
global memory bound                    104857600 bytes
total PGA inuse                       4089538560 bytes
total PGA allocated                   4612293632 bytes
maximum PGA allocated                 4746773504 bytes
total freeable PGA memory              359464960 bytes
process count 183
max processes count                          198
PGA memory freed back to OS           1.8291E+12 bytes
total PGA used for auto workareas        7504896 bytes
maximum PGA used for auto workareas    108168192 bytes
total PGA used for manual workareas            0 bytes
maximum PGA used for manual workareas     542720 bytes
over allocation count                   13757980
bytes processed                       2.1787E+13 bytes
extra bytes read/written              3.3085E+11 bytes
cache hit percentage                        98.5 percent
recompute count (total)                 13774288
SQL> select sum(value)
2 from v$sesstat s, v$statname n
3 where s.statistic# = n.statistic#
4 and n.name like '%ga_memory';
SUM(VALUE)
9401696912Need your help.
Many thanks!

Check what is using the memory and if that is necessary.
1. can you safely shrink the SGA ? you would need to check the AWR reports, or recommended sizes.
2. can you safely shrink the PGA ? you would need to check the AWR reports, or recommended sizes)
3. can you reduce the number of processes ? (are there lots of idle processes ?)
4. can you tune sql to use less memory ?
If you can't reduce allocated memory, check if you can add RAM to the server / container.
If you still think you need to increase swap, you may need to add another disk (what is /dev/md/dsk/d60 ?). You can easily google for the Solaris commands to add swap, but if you are not familiar with this process I would not recommend you do it by yourself. Ask Oracle Support to provide the commands, and TEST them on a DEV box, followed by reboots etc to confirm it works.

Get swap space on Solaris

Hello
there are different opinions on how to get the swap space on Solaris.
some say: swap -s and the space= used + available
others say swap -l (donno how they get the swap size)
other say 'top' command
others say using format command (in print sub-command)
Could you please advise on how to get the swap size on a solaris machine?
thanks

mpfefer wrote:
Hello
there are different opinions on how to get the swap space on Solaris.That's because there is no single definition of 'swap'. So if you ask for 'swap space', it's going to be interpreted differently by different people.
some say: swap -s and the space= used + availableThis shows you the allocation of the VM space. (Most uses of 'swap' by Solaris commands equate it with total virtual memory).
others say swap -l (donno how they get the swap size)This shows you the allocation of all active swap files.
other say 'top' commandThat can show you both RAM usage and VM/swap usage.
others say using format command (in print sub-command)Format can show you disk partitioning information. Disk partitioning may or may not have any bearing on how you're using swap files. You'd need at least 'swap -l' information (and possibly other commands) to make comparisons. But then again, 'swap -l' is all you'd need in that case anyway.
Could you please advise on how to get the swap size on a solaris machine?What do you mean by 'swap size'?
Darren

Swap space on Solaris 2.7

Hola!
Does anyone know how much swap space is required for WLS on a Solaris
2.7 os?
I'm having swap space errors.
thanks

This is not directly related to WLS. It dends on the amount of memory you wish
to allocate to it and the amount of memory used by other processes on your
system.
Guy
Christopher Opacki <[email protected]> wrote:
Hola!
Does anyone know how much swap space is required for WLS on a Solaris
2.7 os?
I'm having swap space errors.
thanks

SWAP SPACE ON SOLARIS

Hi all,
I want to size of the swap space on test server for installing R12 on solaris 10. I searched on metalink but found most of the notes point to database server but not to oracle applications. Any formula,suggestion,previous bad experience plz
Regards
Taher

Hi Taher,
And i had really hard time installing ADI today. I did install ADI but was not able to configure. I copied the tnsnames.ora file from $TNS_ADMIN(8.0.6 O_H) to c:\orant\network\net80 and c:\orant\network\network. But it says could not connect to database.What is the complete error message?
What is the ADI version?
Did you run "ADI Diagnostic Wizard"? If yes, does it show any error/warning messages?
And there is another directory orawin95, this also contains the network,net80 folders. Should i copy tnsnames.ora to this directory as well. And should i remove sqlnet.ora from these directories as well..You will have to copy the file to both directories. Btw, what does the tnsping return?
Plz any step by step document for installing it. I followed the UVA (University of Virginia) documents and configured it properlu. Still the same problem.There are many documents available and I believe the installation of ADI is strightforward. However, you may see these documents.
Note: 70669.1 - ADI: Troubleshooting Connection Problems with ADI/GLDI
Note: 131070.1 - Guide to Troubleshooting ADI Connection Problems
Regards,
Hussein

Can I install Solaris 8 without Swap space?

Can I install Solaris 8 without swap space? or Can I install the swap space on a different hard drive?

Refer Solaris 8 installation guide manuals from this URL:
http://docs.sun.com:80/ab2/coll.214.7/@Ab2CollView?Ab2Lang=C&Ab2Enc=iso-8859-1
Thanks,
Senthilkumar
Developer Technical Support
http://www.sun.com/developers/support

Swap space utilization is increasing after Oracle11gr2 upgrade

Hi
we are using oracle11.5.10.2 on AIX 5.3 and recently upgraded database from oracle9.2.0.8 to Oracle 11gr2 (11.2.0.2)
After upgrade Database i have observed gradually swap space is increasing and it is reaching upto 100%
what could be the reason ?
Please find below message from OEM also
Host operating system was experiencing significant paging but no particular root cause could be detected. Investigate processes that do not belong to this instance running on the host that are consuming significant amount of virtual memory. Also consider adding more physical memory to the host
Thanks
With Regards
A-Z
Edited by: user3308982 on Jul 25, 2011 10:57 AM

Hi
Total RAM is 16 GB and Swap space is 8GB
Disk Busy% KBPS TPS KB-Read KB-Writ PAGING MEMORY
hdisk3 1.0 144.0 33.0 2.0 142.0 Faults 95 Real,MB 16384
hdisk2 0.0 14.0 3.0 0.0 14.0 Steals 0 % Comp 67
hdisk1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PgspIn 0 % Noncomp 32
hdisk0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PgspOut 0 % Client 32
cd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PageIn 0
hdisk4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PageOut 7 PAGING SPACE
hdisk8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sios 8 Size,MB 8704
% Used 76
Name PID CPU% PgSp Owner NFS (calls/sec) % Free 24
oracle 889142 25.0 21.6 oratst ServerV2 0
syncd 45402 0.7 0.5 root ClientV2 0 Press:
oracle 164312 0.3 16.5 oratst ServerV3 0 "h" for help
oracle 630880 0.2 14.8 oratst ClientV3 0 "q" to quit
topas 266560 0.2 2.5 root
oracle 389258 0.1 18.2 oratst
oracle 164036 0.1 10.2 oratst
gil 20768 0.0 0.1 root
oracle 344258 0.0 17.3 oratst
oracle 684032 0.0 15.5 oratst
Exiting
Edited by: user3308982 on Jul 25, 2011 11:13 AM

Swap space - upgrading to solaris 8

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