Systemd entries in /etc/passwd and others...

Hi! How do I find out what are correct entries for systemd in /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow and others in current system? What if I screw them up during system update and maybe lose some of them or will end up having those unneeded?...

I don't understand what you want. A backup maybe? Do you have any pacnew files?

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[SOLVED] Today's update of /etc/group, /etc/passwd and /etc/gshadow

Hello,
During the regular updates I received an update of /etc/groups. I wonder what I should do here, as there are some differences between the old file and the pacnew one. I suppose that when I use the command to add my user to a group, it gets written into this file. So, just recklessly moving the pacnew file in the place of the old one, will mess up all my groups, won't it?
Then what should I do? All the entries in the pacnew file are also present in the old one, so I guess I could just delete the pacnew one and keep the old one. Am I right?
EDIT: The same goes to /etc/passwd and /etc/gshadow.
Last edited by Unia (2012-10-06 09:51:23)

teateawhy wrote:
If you had the uuid user before like me the uuid line in your own files is different from the pacnew file. You have to delete the uuid line near the bottom in your old file. Then insert the new uuid entry including the new number in the place near the top suggested by the pacnew file. Keep the other lines untouched, then save your changes and delete the pacnew files.
Edit: On a system that has actually been modified from a default install the new files will for sure be different to the old ones.
Thanks, teateawhy! I currently have this listed in /etc/passwd:
uuidd:x:998:998::/:/sbin/nologin
And this is in the .pacnew file:
uuidd:x:68:68:uuidd:/:/sbin/nologin
So, I can just copy the entry from the .pacnew file, overwriting the old entry, right?
What I don't understand is how the two numbers 998 representing the UID and GID can suddenly change to 68. Shouldn't they have to correspond with some other reference or list of users/groups...?
I'm sure it's fine to just replace the entry as you suggested, but I wondered if there was a way to double-check which uid/gid should be used? It's not that I don't trust you, but I don't fully understand how these group/passwd files work and I'm trying to get my head round it all.
Cheers,
esuhl

[SOLVED] /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow -- pwck shows missing groups

I recently found out about the pwck and grpck commands to check for errors/inconsistencies in the passwd, group, shadow and gshadow files... grpck returns no errors, but pwck returns this:
user 'avahi': no group 84
user 'postgres': no group 88
user 'ntp': no group 87
pwck: no changes
These are the relevant lines from /etc/passwd:
avahi:x:84:84:Avahi daemon:/:/bin/false
postgres:x:88:88:PostgreSQL user:/var/lib/postgres:/bin/bash
ntp:x:87:87:Network Time Protocol:/var/lib/ntp:/bin/false
There are lines for those users in /etc/shadow... but... I'm not sure what I need to do to fix the problem.
I think I understand enough, now, to maintain the files in future, but would anyone know I can fix this?
Last edited by esuhl (2012-10-08 20:22:05)

2ManyDogs wrote:I don't know how to fix the errors, but I'm really curious about why you decided to run those commands. Were you having a problem you thought might be ralated to groups and/or passwords? What are groups 84, 97, and 88?
Ha! Well... when I started using Arch I really didn't know much about Linux and I an update providing some .pacnew files (/etc/group, gshadow, passwd, shadow) and... well... I don't know what I did, but I think it was probably not what I should have done(!). I used grpck in the past and got no errors and it suddenly occurred to me today that there should be an equivalent for checking /etc/passwd... so that's why I just ran the commands now. Everything seems to be working, however...
I don't have an entry for groups 84, 87 and 88 in my /etc/group file... Hmmm...
I tried running this command to find any files associated with that group, but only get the following:
[root@i7pc tim]# find / -gid 88
find: `/run/user/1000/gvfs': Permission denied
find: `/proc/1806/task/1806/fd/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/task/1806/fdinfo/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/fd/5': No such file or directory
find: `/proc/1806/fdinfo/5': No such file or directory
I get similar output for the other groups, so... can I just delete them from /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow?
I notice I have the avahi package installed, however, and group 84 relates to user 'avahi'... so... surely I need the avahi user...?
Last edited by esuhl (2012-10-07 23:09:30)

Login Process & Security of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow

Guys,
I have few questions, Please help me out.
1. What is the Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 environment's boot files ?
2. While Logging into Solaris Operating Environment , which is file is responsible for Login Process ? Through which file/command the username and password is cross checked with /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow ?
3. We all know that /etc/passwd come with -rw-r--r-- permission and /etc/shadow comes with -r--------. I did a chmod and assigned 000 to both the files. But Still I am able to change the password for the normal user. And as a root I am still able to cat the contents of both the files.
Help me understand these concepts.
Thank you.
Arut

Sounds like you're very new to Solaris:
1. What is the Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 environment's boot files ?/kernel/genunix is the primary boot file. The directory structure in /kernel is also boot related. /usr/kernel is also boot related.
2. While Logging into Solaris Operating Environment , which is file is responsible for Login Process ? Through which file/command the username and password is cross checked with /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow ?Generally three files are related: /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and the program /bin/login. Some applications will process /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow on their own and bypass /bin/login - but for you're purposes this is a good general answer.
As a minor example (and if I remember correctly), say someone uses telnet to log into a system. Telnet prompts for the login ID. Once input, it passes forks off /bin/login with the login ID. /bin/login reads the user password information from /etc/shadow and takes the first two bytes from the password field (column 2 using : as field seperator) which is the crypt salt (see crypt man page). /bin/login prompts for the password which the user inputs. /bin/login takes the user input password and the salt value read from /etc/shadow for that user and pushes it through crypt. It then takes the resultant crypt output and compares it against what it read from /etc/shadow - if they matches the user has input the right password. If not, it prompts the user again with a password prompt.
3. We all know that /etc/passwd come with -rw-r--r-- permission and /etc/shadow comes with -r--------. I did a chmod and assigned 000 to both the files. But Still I am able to change the password for the normal user. And as a root I am still able to cat the contents of both the files.To change your password you run the passwd command. That command is SUID root - so for a short period of time you become root within the context of that process. Root is basically god mode and doesn't care about file access priviledges generally. So that fact that /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow have 000 file access permissions doesn't matter - root can still read and write to them.

How to recover /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files

hi
Unfortunetly I have a big problem is that someone crash the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files from my running server, and my all users are not to able to login. so please can any one help me how to recover this files or any ideas for make these files...
thanks
Mohammed Tanvir

Hello
It is not working.Pla help me this bit critical
Step followed
01.Boot from the cdrom and mount root partision.
02.Deleted the exsisting file /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow
03.copy the opasswd and oshadow to the etc directory as passwd and shadow
04.Umount the root partision
05.Reeboot the system
thanks
Roshantha

Migration form /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to iPlanet Directory !

Hi,
we try to migrate from files (shadow passwd on Solaris) to LDAP- Server from iPlanet. So far so good. Our problem is now to migrate users, which have no password (NP in shadow) or users with an locked account (*LK* in shadow). Is there an attribute or flag, e.g. in the class shadowaccout which describes this issue.

Hi Alois,
I assume that your question is about preventing locked or no-password users from logging into the directory.
The easiest would be to inactivate both no-password and locked users. I would
1) create one role for both no-password and locked users, then
2) assign the corresponding role to each user who is either locked or has no password
3) inactivate both roles.
By inactivating a role, all users possessing that particular role become inactivated. Inactivated users can not login to the directory.
I would recommend you to read the 'Advanced Entry Management' chapter of the administrator's guide.
I hope this helps.
Bertold

How good are Stereo2 vs. E-D, X3D, etc. And other questions too =D.

I'm curious, and I hope someone can answer this, how good are the Stereo2 glasses in comparison with E-D and X3D.
Also, will they work with any MSI card? I currently have a Gf4 Ti4200 with TV-Out, will that work?
Finally, what is that card they come packaged with? IS that just a cheapo video card or do you need it to use the glasses?
Thanks in advance! :D
EDIT (and to bump it too ): Do these glasses support interlaced and page-flipped or what? Sorry, but I'd realy appreciate it if someone could answer because these glasses would be a great alternative to paying $100 for some X3D or E-D.

I'm curious, and I hope someone can answer this, how good are the Stereo2 glasses in comparison with E-D and X3D.
Also, will they work with any MSI card? I currently have a Gf4 Ti4200 with TV-Out, will that work?
Finally, what is that card they come packaged with? IS that just a cheapo video card or do you need it to use the glasses?
Thanks in advance! :D
EDIT (and to bump it too ): Do these glasses support interlaced and page-flipped or what? Sorry, but I'd realy appreciate it if someone could answer because these glasses would be a great alternative to paying $100 for some X3D or E-D.

/etc/group and /etc/passwd corrupted

My /etc/group and /etc/passwd (and possibly others) are corrupted (my silly error handling pacnew files). I tried restoring the backups (group- and similar) and also ran grpconv, pwdconv,, pwck without fixing things. I've edited the files, using those in another machine as a template but no luck.
Various commands (e.g. ssh) fail with the message:
No user exists for uid 1000
Before I give up and reinstall, is there any way I can restore things to how they should be?

Thanks for replies. I can't recreate my user because it's already there. I can log in as ac without difficulty and do most things - just a few (mportant) fail.
I don't understand why it keeps saying the user ac is uid 1000. After reading the wikis I think my /etc/group and /etc/passwd are correct. /etc/passwd has:
ac:x:1000:100::/home/ac:/bin/bash
and /etc/group has:
users:x:100:ac
ac:x:100:ac
I'm not sure the last line should be there, but removing it doesn't help. The entries on a second machine are similar.
I'll sleep on it to see if I think of something else to try in the morning, otherwise I'll have to reinstall tomorrow.

New /etc/passwd.shadow

I have seen that with an upgrade I have an /etc/shadow.pacnew From what I know it is only a shadow copy of /etc/passwd without the password and can simply be generated by pwconv (similarly /etc/group.shadow can be generated by grpconv). So my question is why archlinux proposes me /etc/shadow.pacnew? What I did is simply fix the new /etc/passwd that were also proposed, rm the /etc/shadow.pacnew and run pwconv. If this is really the good thing to do, /etc/shadow.pacnew shouldn't have been proposed.

olive wrote:I think most of you do not understand my point. I do not understand why /etc/shadow has to be shipped in the first place. It would be best to just ship /etc/passwd and to generate /etc/shadow automatically by pwconv. There are a lot of such files that can be automatically generated and such files are in general not included in the package.
I ran pwconv and now I have two entries for dbus in /etc/shadow:
I manually megerd the shadow.pacnew and had en entry for dbus
dbus:x:14871::::::
after running pwconv I have two entries for dbus:
dbus:x:14871::::::
and
dbus:x:15686:0:99999:7:::
I assume there arnt ment to be two?
*EDIT
Seems either works? I dont get any problems either way (I dont think)
But, I think that:
dbus:x:15686:0:99999:7:::
was the original entry for dbus before the pacnew anyway?
Last edited by jrussell (2012-12-12 00:33:27)

User passwd and profiles during migration

Hi
I am migrating my system to another hardware. For users to access the new server, should I simply add /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow in the new system as well as creating their home directory?
thx

Hi Charles,
>>I am very nervous about doing the uninstall and finding my user's client profile is inaccessible and all the settings will need to be redone.
As far as I know, as long as we follow the right guidance to do the migration, this won’t happen.
The following Microsoft official article provides step-to-step guidance for migrating from previous versions to Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials.
Migrate from Previous Versions to Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials or Windows Server Essentials Experience
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408633.aspx
Best regards,
Frank Shen

Smc and smuser both put wrong home directory in /etc/passwd

Hello,
I'm trying to use 'smuser add' as an alternative to 'useradd' in a setuid script, using -d to specify a home directory other than the default. Unfortunately, although the directory is created in the right place, the default is written into /etc/passwd.
%smuser add -u sapadm -p ***** -- -d /appuser/inputs/tom -g sapusers -n tom -s /bin/sh
Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.usermgr.cli.user.UserMgrCli from localhost
Login to localhost as user sapadm was successful.
Download of com.sun.admin.usermgr.cli.user.UserMgrCli from localhost was successful.
% ls -al /appuser/inputs/tom
total 14
drwxr-x--- 2 tom sapusers 5 Mar 28 15:48 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 sj staff 3 Mar 28 15:48 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 tom sapusers 136 Mar 28 15:48 .cshrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 tom sapusers 157 Mar 28 15:48 .login
-rw-r--r-- 1 tom sapusers 174 Mar 28 15:48 .profile
% cat /etc/passwd
tom:x:101:1002::/home/tom:/bin/sh
% ls -al /home/tom
/home/tom: No such file or directory
% uname -a
SunOS sun03 5.10 Generic_127112-07 i86pc i386 i86pc
Exactly the same thing happens when I use the SMC2.1 GUI - even though it echoes back to me that the directory path qill /appuser/inputs before I hit 'finish', the directory is created correctly, but /home/tom goes into /etc/passwd.
Is there any fix/workaround for this, or am I back to an old-fashioned useradd in a setuid script?
Thanks
-- Steve

Father wrote:
that way, they are chrooted into an empty directory and have no files they can tamper with
isnt that a little dangerous??
What files a user can change is determined by the files' permission settings, not by the user's homedir. The homedir only tells what the initial working directory when a user logs in is, nothing else, it doesn't implicit writing or even reading access. So no, it's not dangerous, not even a little.

Convert DVD and other video files for playback on iPhone, iPod, PSP, etc.

So, how are your holidays going? Or, if you're reading this on the weekend, how'd they go? Watching various sorts of DVD movies and videos is a better idea for a pastime during your free time. To make your holiday be more colorful with movies, I prefer to recommend an application to help you guys deal with different kinds of video resources, no matter the DVD files or footages shot by camcorders, or videos in formats of FLV, AVI, MKV, etc., in a word, the converted videos will be supported by whatever portable devices you have, including PSP, iPod Classic, iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPhone (3G), iPhone, Zune, Zune 2, Blackberry, Nokia, Creative Zen, Sony Walkman, iRiver PMP, Archos, PS3, Apple TV, Xbox, iPAQ, Pocket PC, Mobile Phone, etc. The software is Pavtube Video DVD Converter Ultimate, which combines DVD ripper and Video Converter together, and enables you to edit and convert any DVD, video, audio and image files to other popular formats including MP4, 3GP, FLV, MPEG-4, AVI, MPG, MOV, 3G2, VOB, FLAC, MKA, OGG, WAV, AC3, M4A with super fast conversion speed and excellent image and sound quality.
The detailed user guide will be shown in the following part:
Step 1: Add video and DVD file
You are allowed to add videos to this program via clicking "Add Video", and add DVD files to it via clicking "Load DVD". DVD files can be loaded in three ways: "Load DVD ROM", "Load DVD Folder", and "Load ISO/IFO".
Step 2: Select output format and set destination folder
Videos and DVD files can be added to this program at the same time, after that, you can click the drop-down list of "Format" to select an output format for your portable devices. The format profile provides you with formats for iPod, iPhone, PSP, PS3, BlackBerry, etc. Meanwhile, you can click the folder icon at the end of "Output" to decide where to save the output files. Moreover, if you want to combine multiple files to be a single file, you can tick "Merge into one file".
Step 3: Set advanced settings
If you have the needs of adjusting video and audio parameters to make good control of the output file quality and size, you can click "Settings" button to do it, and all the options like codec, aspect ratio, bit rate, frame rate, audio channel, etc. are changeable on the following window.
Step 4: Start conversion
As soon as the above steps are finished, you can click "Convert" button to start conversion, the following ripping window will show you clearly about all the conversion info. After finished, you are able to find out the output files via clicking "Open" button.

We're not supposed to talk about DVD conversion according to the terms of service ...
So I'll assume these VOB files are from your HOME MOVIE DVDs you burned yourself and suggest the Videora iPod Classic Video Converter.
http://www.videora.com/
It's a really nice program that converts not only your HOME MOVIE DVD VOB files, but AVI, MPEG, and others. You can set the CPU usage from high to low with five settings, it has a queue which you can add multiple files to, and it will minimize to the taskbar for compact convenience. There are other Windows programs that do much the same, but I prefer Videora. Oh ... and it's freeware!!

In Adobe Flash CS6, I have a blue box appearing around lines drawn with the line tool (and other tools like brush etc). I can't figure out how to disable.

In Adobe Flash CS6, I have a blue box appearing around lines drawn with the line tool (and other tools like brush etc). Whenever I try to use a tool, a blue box appears around the line and I have to double click it to manipulate it, which opens just that line in a semi burred screen where all the other objects are semi-grey in the background. I can manipulate this line in this screen but nothing else at that time which I could do about 5 minutes ago. For exampe, I no longer can join up 2 lines drawn by the line tool together. For some reason this started randomly (probably due to a accidental shortcut combination) and I just can't put it back to what it used to be. I have inserted a video hopefully showing what I mean. Any help would be appreciated.

Thank you - Just what I needed

I have a problem, my wife has an ipad with photos , emails etc etc, she has recently got herself a new iPad Air, has now been using that for two or more months, more photos (new) more emails and other stuff. Will send next query as running out of room to

I have a problem, my wife has an ipad with photos , emails etc etc, she has recently got herself a new iPad Air, has now been using that for two or more months, more photos (new) more emails and other stuff. What she wants to do is get all she wants from ipad 1 to new ipad without finishing up with 2 of everything which happen on previous occasion. I realise that she needs to tidy up ipad 1 first and get rid of thousands of emails etc. I need help.
Thanks kiwihdrider

Hi yes that works well when the new ipad hasn't been used. Trouble new one has been used for two months or more, has lots photos email etc etc. I am worried that these will go. When we did iPhone thru same process finished up with two of most things pics and emails. The emails alone were over 2 thousand and wife reluctant to delete them all. I would and just sort pics. Any other ideas
Ta

My ipad wont accept any passwords, i am unable to connect to my wifi even though my password is correct and other laptops etc have no problem connecting.

my ipad wont accept any passwords, i am unable to connect to my wifi even though my password is correct and other laptops etc have no problem connecting.
The ipad can find my wifi connection but just wont accept the password. connected with no problem in the Apple store.
any suggestions,
thanks.

Does the iPad connect to other networks?
Does the iPod see the network?
Any error messages?
Do other devices now connect?
Did the iPod connect before?
Try the following to rule out a software problem:
- Reset the iOS device. Nothing will be lost
Reset iOS device: Hold down the On/Off button and the Home button at the same time for at
least ten seconds, until the Apple logo appears.
- Power off and then back on the router
- Reset network settings: Settings>General>Reset>Reset Network Settings
- iOS: Troubleshooting Wi-Fi networks and connections
- Wi-Fi: Unable to connect to an 802.11n Wi-Fi network
- iOS: Recommended settings for Wi-Fi routers and access points
- Restore from backup. See:
iOS: How to back up
- Restore to factory settings/new iOS device.
If still problem make an appointment at the Genius Bar of an Apple store since it appears you have a hardware problem.
Apple Retail Store - Genius Bar

Systemd entries in /etc/passwd and others...

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