Time Machine backups suddenly failing with error 109 (console errors inc.)

I've been using Time Machine over my Airport Extreme Base Station for months without a single error, and all of the sudden it fails constantly with the error:
*The backup disk image “/Volumes/TARDIS-1/Derek’s iMac_001f5bf60eb1.sparsebundle” could not be accessed (error 109).*
I've tried selecting the drive again since it's mounted fine. It's mounted as TARDIS, not TARDIS-1, which I thought was a clue to the problem until I went to the Console to see all of the errors:
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:10:16 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Attempting to mount network destination using URL: afp://[email protected]/TARDIS
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:10:16 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Mounted network destination using URL: afp://[email protected]/TARDIS
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:13:35 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Failed to mount disk image /Volumes/TARDIS-1/Derek’s iMac_001f5bf60eb1.sparsebundle (DIHLDiskImageAttach returned: 109)
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:13:35 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Giving up after 3 retries.
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:13:41 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Backup failed with error: 21
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:13:41 AM com.apple.backupd[12333] Ejected Time Machine network volume.
I've seen others say that Time Machine quit working after updating to Snow Leopard, but i've been running it since launch and the problems only appeared yesterday. Ideas?

I'm not sure why you call it a "phantom" drive, because I was quite intentionally connected to that network drive. In any case, I did as you recommended, in case that was the issue (though over the months I've often been connected to the network drive). Sadly, no dice.
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:50:18 AM com.apple.backupd[13136] Starting standard backup
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:50:18 AM com.apple.backupd[13136] Attempting to mount network destination using URL: afp://[email protected]/TARDIS
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:50:19 AM com.apple.backupd[13136] Mounted network destination using URL: afp://[email protected]/TARDIS
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:54:07 AM com.apple.backupd[13136] Failed to mount disk image /Volumes/TARDIS/Derek’s iMac_001f5bf60eb1.sparsebundle (DIHLDiskImageAttach returned: 109)
9/15/09 Sep 15 - 8:54:07 AM com.apple.backupd[13136] Waiting 60 seconds and trying again.
During the step "Making backup disk available..." in the Time Machine preference pane, looking in Volumes, I have:
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root 1 Sep 10 19:48 Macintosh HD -> /
drwx------ 13 root 398 Mar 10 2009 TARDIS
drwxr-xr-x 1 derek 12288 Mar 5 2009 Untitled
So it's properly connecting to TARDIS, it would seem, as root.

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