Time Machine Case-Sensitive Error

I've read several posts about people who encounter the Time Machine error that arises when TM thinks that one of the volumes (source or destination) is case-sensitive while the other is not. Some people encounter this error genuinely, by which I mean that there is in fact a discrepancy between the file systems; this is not the situation I wish to address.
There are other people - myself included - who have been using TM successfully for months or longer until one day the error crops up. When we check Disk Utility, both source and destination are shown to be case-insensitive. Many approaches have been suggested, from rebooting to reformatting, and many people have reported success; however, it appears to me that the problem has not been solved, since the cause of the problem has not been identified.
In my own experience rebooting sometimes fixes the problems temporarily (for a few weeks) before it later reappears. But I would rather not reboot repeatedly, repeatedly Verify the disks using Disk Utility (finding no errors every time), or reformat unless I am sure that it will fix the problem once and for all. With that in mind, does anyone know of a permanent fix to this problem?
Details:
- TM thinks that the source volume Macintosh HD is case-sensitive
- Disk Utility says that both the source and the external Firewire destination are case-insensitive

Hi, and welcome to the forums.
I've not seen any such posts here (and I read at least the title of every post in both the Leopard and Snow Leopard Time Machine forums).
There are problems, on occasion, when there's a case-sensitive disk image of some kind on the internal HD (some downloaded software comes on case-sensitive disk images, for some reason); but that doesn't seem to be what you're experiencing.
What, exactly, does the message say?
There might be some sort of problem with your internal HD. When this happens, does the disk show it's S.M.A.R.T. status as Verified? Does +Verify Disk+ ever show an error?
I'd be inclined to try a "full reset" per #A4 in the Time Machine - Troubleshooting *User Tip,* also at the top of this forum. It's possible the preference file that directs you to is corrupted. This is a long shot, of course, but worth a try.
If this happens again, look for any disk images, and try to get the exact message. You may also want to look in your system.log for messages.

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