Time Machine freezes after clicking "back up now"

Whenever I click "back up now" to start a Time Machine backup, the top of finder "rainbow wheels" and freezes for good.  The only way to get out of it is to restart the computer (relaunching finder does not fix it).
OK, so why not let time machine just back up on its own?  It doesn't do that, either - when the time for the "next backup" arrives, time machine simply pushes the time back by one hour (if it was scheduled for 1:00 PM and the time arrives, Time Machine just re-schedules it for 2:00 PM).  It does this forever - it won't back up!
The hard drive is a brand new 1 TB that is completely error free.  I am running OS X Mavericks 10.9.3. 
Is this a known problem?  Any suggestions on getting around this? 
Thanks!

Wow, thanks for the help everyone! 
Just in case anyone else has this issue, I solved it by re-installing Mavericks (not re-imaging/erasing) over my existing installation.  I'm guessing it was a bug with finder that was causing it.  Time Machine is now backing up without a problem.

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