Troubleshooting failed hard drive / connector / controller

Hi,
A couple weeks ago, I thought my Macbook Pro hard drive failed. At start up I received the folder with a question mark. I assumed that the hard drive failed and bought a new internal hard drive. After connecting the new hard drive and formatting it to Mac OS Extended file format (from a separate computer), I only got a gray screen at start up and nothing else. As long as the blank internal hard drive is in the computer I only get the gray screen at startup even if i connect an external hard disk with a working mac os x copy. When i remove the new hard drive and connect a bootable external drive i am able to startup. However, now the computer goes to sleep at the login screen and i am unable to wake it again.
Also, when i connect the old hard drive. The one i thought had failed to another computer, it works. I guess at this point something has to be wrong with the connector or the hard drive controller.
I don't have Apple Care anymore. I bought the Macbook Pro in 2nd half of 2009. It is the 13".

" I only get the gray screen at startup even if i connect an external hard disk with a working mac os x copy. When i remove the new hard drive and connect a bootable external drive i am able to startup."
So that points to a internal SATA cable issue. A know problem in these MBPs of this age.
"However, now the computer goes to sleep at the login screen and i am unable to wake it again"
l was working on a 2010 MBP that did that. Turns out to be the battery even tho' the system report seemed normal. If that's the original battery in there it's beyond it's life expectancy anyway since Li Ions have a limited lifetime.

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