Unable to initialize TldLocationsCache - Tomcat 5.5 - Struts

Question

I have a stuts application running on Tomcat 5.5.17. It works flawlessly on every server I've tested it on, with various JVM versions, various versions of Tomcat 5.5, and even on Tomcat 4.1. That is, every server except the target machine.
The error I'm getting looks something like this:
exception
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to initialize TldLocationsCache: XML parsing error on file /WEB-INF/c.tld
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.handleJspException(JspServletWrapper.java:510)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:375)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:314)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:264)
     javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)
root cause
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to initialize TldLocationsCache: XML parsing error on file /WEB-INF/c.tld
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.init(TldLocationsCache.java:253)
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.getLocation(TldLocationsCache.java:224)
     org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.getTldLocation(JspCompilationContext.java:526)
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseTaglibDirective(Parser.java:422)
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseDirective(Parser.java:492)
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parseElements(Parser.java:1552)
     org.apache.jasper.compiler.Parser.parse(Parser.java:126)
     ...c.tld is unmodified from the orginal Struts distribution, and passes XML validation. Removing c.tld reports the same error for the next tld, c-rt.tld.
On a test server, I have the same version of JVM running, 1.5.0_02-b09, the same version of Tomcat, 5.5.17, and exactly the same jars (not just by name, but identical files) in ~tomcat/common/lib, ~tomcat/common/endorsed, as well as /WEB-INF/lib. server.xml and web.xml are also identical. But I can't reproduce the error no matter what I do.
I'm really clueless at the moment. Does tomcat need user rights to a certain directory in order the write the tld cache? Could there be something else system specific causing this error?
Thanks in advance,
Mike

Answer 1

sun.boot.class.path:
/volume/local/jakarta/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/common/endorsed/xalan.jar:
/volume/local/jakarta/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/common/endorsed/xercesImpl.jar:
/volume/local/jakarta/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/common/endorsed/xmlParserAPIs.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/rt.jar:/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/i18n.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/jsse.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/jce.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/lib/charsets.jar:
/volume/local/jdk1.5.0_02/jre/classes
~tomcat/common/endorsed:
-rwxr--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat   2907319 Mai 30  2003 xalan.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    895813 Sep 21  2005 xercesImpl.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    123705 Sep 21  2005 xmlParserAPIs.jar
~tomcat/common/lib:
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     54368 Sep 27  2005 activation.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    112341 Jan 19  2005 commons-el.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    918743 Jan 19  2005 jasper-compiler-jdt.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    382353 Jan 19  2005 jasper-compiler.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     76748 Jan 19  2005 jasper-runtime.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     50493 Jan 19  2005 jsp-api.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat      8674 Okt 26  2005 jta-spec1_0_1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    440483 Okt 26  2005 mysql-connector-java-3.1.11-bin.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    154101 Jan 19  2005 naming-factory-dbcp.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     35494 Jan 19  2005 naming-factory.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     46606 Jan 19  2005 naming-resources.jar
-rwxr--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat   1174976 Sep 21  2005 ojdbc14.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    210302 Sep 21  2005 pg74.215.jdbc3.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     97693 Jan 19  2005 servlet-api.jar
~tomcat/webapps/kalender/WEB-INF/lib:
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     25822 Dez 19  2003 asm.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    274216 Apr 18  2004 cglib-2.0.1.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    118726 Jun 30  2003 commons-beanutils.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    165119 Jun 30  2003 commons-collections.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    109096 Jun 30  2003 commons-digester.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     22379 Jun 30  2003 commons-fileupload.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     63980 Jun 30  2003 commons-lang.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     31605 Jun 30  2003 commons-logging.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     46865 Jun 30  2003 commons-validator.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    486522 Okt 25  2003 dom4j.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     42030 Dez 17  2003 ehcache.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    910873 Feb 04  2004 hibernate2.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     65368 Jun 30  2003 jakarta-oro.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    191881 Jul 19  2004 jaxen-full.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     20812 Jul 19  2004 jstl.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    440483 Okt 26  2005 mysql-connector-java-3.1.11-bin.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     23563 Jul 19  2004 saxpath.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    508651 Jul 19  2004 standard.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat     10518 Jul 04  2006 struts-legacy.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    498051 Jun 30  2003 struts.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat   1812019 Jan 15  2002 xerces.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    895924 Sep 03  2004 xercesImpl.jar
-rw-r--r--   1 tomcat   tomcat    123705 Sep 03  2004 xmlParserAPIs.jar
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
  [...snip...]
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-template</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/core</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/core_rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c-rt.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt_rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/fmt-rt.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql_rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/sql-rt.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml_rt</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/x-rt.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
</web-app>There seems to be a lot of duplication of jars, including two different versions of Xerces. If I'm not mistaken, Xerces is already included in jre 1.5 as well? I'll begin by removing duplicate jars, to see if that fixes the problem. If not, I'll try removing the taglibs included in standard.jar and jstl.jar from web.xml as well. Thanks for the suggestions :)