Unix Backup Script Question

Hello -
I want to compare file system dates (on AIX) for a backup script. For example, after the backup completes, I want to compare the timestamps on each backed up file with the the time the backup started. I should not see any timestamps prior to the start time of the backup.
Does anyone know how to do this in Unix?
Any help is greatly appreciated!
Thanks,
Mike

At the beginning of your backup use the touch command on a flag file of some kind. This will set the modified date to the current system time.
At the end of your backup compare the modified time of the flag file to the other files. Something like:
touch flag.file
< do your backup >
filelist=`ls filespec for files of interest`
for f in $filelist
do
 if [ $f -nt flag.test ]; then
 report it
 fi
done[pre]
HTH
John

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I'm writing a backup script in python, based on one I wrote in BASH earlier on. Both of these leverage rsync, but I decided to move to a python implementation because python is much more flexible than BASH. My goals with the new implementation are to back up the system, home folder, and my documents folder to a set of multiple primary, secondary, and tertiary disks, respectively. The method is as follows:
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#!/usr/bin/python
# Backup Script
#### preferences ####
# set your primary/secondary backup disks, encryption, and keyfile (if applicable) here.
# backup disks
# primary and secondary backups. As used here,
# primary backups refer to backups of the entire system made to an external drive
# secondary backups refer to backups made of individual folders, such as documents
# primary backup disks by UUID:
global PDISKS
PDISKS = ("/dev/disk/by-uuid/16d64026-28bd-4e1f-a452-74e76bb4d47b","")
# secondary backups by UUID.
global SDISKS
SDISKS = ()
# tertiary disks by UUID:
global TDISKS
TDISKS = ("/dev/disk/by-uuid/39543e6e-cf50-4416-9669-e97a6abd2a37","")
# backup paths
# these are the paths of the folders you wish to back up to secondary
# and tertiary disks, respectively. Primary disks are set to back up the
# contents of the root filesystem (/*). NO TRAILING SLASHES.
global SBACKUP
SBACKUP = "/home/bryant"
global TBACKUP
TBACKUP = "/home/bryant/docs"
# use encryption:
use_encryption = True
# keyfile
# set the full path to your keyfile here
# this assumes a single keyfile for all backup disks
# set this to None if you don't have a single keyfile for all of your backups
keyfile = "/usr/local/bin/backup.keyfile"
# import modules
import os, subprocess, sys
### preliminary functions ###
# these do the setup and post-copy work
def check_dirs():
"""checks that the folders which contain the mountpoints exist, creates them if they don't"""
print("checking for mountpoints...")
p = os.path.isdir("/mnt/pbackup")
if p == True:
print("primary mountpoint exists.")
elif p == False:
print("mountpoint /mnt/pbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/pbackup")
s = os.path.isdir("/mnt/sbackup")
if s == True:
print("secondary mountpoint exists.")
elif s == False:
print("mountpoint /mnt/pbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/sbackup")
t = os.path.isdir("/mnt/tbackup")
if t == True:
print("tertiary mountpoint exists.")
elif t == False:
print("mountpoint /mnt/tbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/tbackup")
def mount_disks():
"""mounts available backup disks in their respective subdirectories"""
pfolder = 1
sfolder = 1
tfolder = 1
pmapper = "pbackup" + str(pfolder)
smapper = "sbackup" + str(sfolder)
tmapper = "tbackup" + str(tfolder)
for pdisk in PDISKS:
e = os.path.islink(pdisk)
if e == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
kf=os.path.isfile(keyfile)
if kf == True:
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + pdisk + " " + pmapper + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
if kf == False:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + pdisk + " " + pmapper,shell=True)
f = os.path.isdir("/mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder))
if f == True:
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + pmapper + " /mnt/pbak" + str(pfolder),shell=True)
pfolder += 1
elif f == False:
os.mkdir("/mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + pmapper + " /mnt/pbak" + str(pfolder),shell=True)
pfolder += 1
for sdisk in SDISKS:
e = os.path.islink(sdisk)
if e == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
kf=os.path.isfile(keyfile)
if kf == True:
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + sdisk + " " + smapper + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
if kf == False:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + sdisk + " " + smapper,shell=True)
f = os.path.isdir("/mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder))
if f == True:
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + smapper + " /mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder),shell=True)
sfolder += 1
elif f == False:
os.mkdir("/mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(folder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + smapper + " /mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder),shell=True)
sfolder += 1
for tdisk in TDISKS:
e = os.path.islink(tdisk)
if e == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
kf=os.path.isfile(keyfile)
if kf == True:
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + tdisk + " " + tmapper + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
if kf == False:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + tdisk + " " + tmapper,shell=True)
f = os.path.isdir("/mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder))
if f == True:
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + tmapper + " /mnt/pbak" + str(tfolder),shell=True)
tfolder += 1
elif f == False:
os.mkdir("/mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + tmapper + " /mnt/tbak" + str(tfolder),shell=True)
tfolder += 1
def umount_disks():
"""unmounts and relocks disks"""
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/pbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/sbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/tbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/pbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/sbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/tbackup*",shell=True)
def check_disks():
"""checks to see how many disks exist, exits program if none are attached"""
pdisknum = 0
sdisknum = 0
tdisknum = 0
for pdisk in PDISKS:
p = os.path.islink(pdisk)
if p == True:
pdisknum += 1
elif p == False:
print("disk " + pdisk + " not detected.")
for sdisk in SDISKS:
s = os.path.islink(sdisk)
if s == True:
sdisknum += 1
elif s == False:
print("disk " + sdisk + " not detected.")
for tdisk in TDISKS:
t = os.path.islink(tdisk)
if t == True:
tdisknum += 1
elif t == False:
print("disk " + tdisk + " not detected.")
total = pdisknum + sdisknum + tdisknum
if total == 0:
print("ERROR: no disks detected.")
sys.exit()
elif total > 0:
print("found " + str(total) + " attached backup disks")
print(str(pdisknum) + " Primary")
print(str(sdisknum) + " secondary")
print(str(tdisknum) + " tertiary")
return total, pdisknum, sdisknum, tdisknum
### backup functions ###
# these need serious work. Need to get them to loop through available mounted
# disks in their categories and then execute rsync
def pbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup the entire system to all pdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/pbackup")
for dir in dirs:
m = os.path.ismount(dir)
if m == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
print("syncing disks with rsync...")
# subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} /* /mnt/pbackup/" + dir + "/ --exclude={/sys/*,/mnt/*,/proc/*,/dev/*,/lost+found,/media/*,/tmp/*,/home/*/.gvfs/*,/home/*/downloads/*,/opt/*,/run/*",shell=True)
print("test1")
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
print("disk synced with disk " + pdisk + ".")
print("sync with disk " + pdisk + " complete.")
elif m == False:
continue
def sbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup everything under SBACKUP folder to all sdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/sbackup")
for dir in dirs:
m = os.path.ismount(dir)
if m == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
# subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} SBACKUP/* /mnt/sbackup/" + dir + "/",shell=True)
print("test2")
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
print("disk synced with disk " + pdisk + ".")
print("sync with disk " + sdisk + " complete.")
elif m == False:
continue
def tbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup everything under TBACKUP folder to all tdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/tbackup")
for dir in dirs:
m = os.path.ismount(dir)
if m == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
# subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} TBACKUP/* /mnt/sbackup/" + dir + "/",shell=True)
print("test3")
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
print("disk synced with disk " + pdisk + ".")
print("sync with disk " + sdisk + " complete.")
elif m == False:
continue
#### main ####
# check for root access:
r=os.getuid()
if r != 0:
print("ERROR: script not run as root.\n\tThis script MUST be run as root user.")
sys.exit()
elif r == 0:
# program body
check_dirs()
check_disks()
mount_disks()
# pbackup()
# sbackup()
tbackup()
umount_disks()
print("backup process complete.")
Last edited by ParanoidAndroid (2013-08-07 20:01:07)

I've run into a problem on line 149. I'm asking the program to list the directories under the top-level backup directories under /mnt, check to see if each one is a mountpoint, and if it is unmount it. It does this, but it appears to recurse into the directories under the directories I'm asking it to check. The output is:
checking for mountpoints...
primary mountpoint exists.
secondary mountpoint exists.
tertiary mountpoint exists.
disk /dev/disk/by-uuid/16d64026-28bd-4e1f-a452-74e76bb4d47b not detected.
found 1 attached backup disks
0 Primary
0 secondary
1 tertiary
keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...
mounting tbackup1 at /mnt/tbak1
test3
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
not a mountpoint
Device /dev/mapper/pbackup* is not active.
Device /dev/mapper/sbackup* is not active.
backup process complete.
here is the code for the entire script. It's been much modified from the previously posted version, so I included all of the code versus the section in question for reference. As I said, the section that seems to be causing the issue is on line 149.
#!/usr/bin/python
# Backup Script
#### preferences ####
# set your primary/secondary backup disks, encryption, and keyfile (if applicable) here.
# backup disks
# primary and secondary backups. As used here,
# primary backups refer to backups of the entire system made to an external drive
# secondary backups refer to backups made of individual folders, such as documents
# primary backup disks by UUID:
global PDISKS
PDISKS = ["/dev/disk/by-uuid/16d64026-28bd-4e1f-a452-74e76bb4d47b"]
# secondary backups by UUID.
global SDISKS
SDISKS = []
# tertiary disks by UUID:
global TDISKS
TDISKS = ["/dev/disk/by-uuid/39543e6e-cf50-4416-9669-e97a6abd2a37"]
# backup paths
# these are the paths of the folders you wish to back up to secondary
# and tertiary disks, respectively. Primary disks are set to back up the
# contents of the root filesystem (/*). NO TRAILING SLASHES.
global SBACKUP
SBACKUP = "/home/bryant"
global TBACKUP
TBACKUP = "/home/bryant/docs"
# use encryption:
use_encryption = True
# keyfile
# set the full path to your keyfile here
# this assumes a single keyfile for all backup disks
# set this to None if you don't have a single keyfile for all of your backups
keyfile = "/usr/local/bin/backup.keyfile"
# import modules
import os, subprocess, sys
### preliminary functions ###
# these do the setup and post-copy work
def check_dirs():
"""checks that the folders which contain the mountpoints exist, creates them if they don't"""
print("checking for mountpoints...")
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/pbackup"):
print("primary mountpoint exists.")
else:
print("mountpoint /mnt/pbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/pbackup")
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/sbackup"):
print("secondary mountpoint exists.")
else:
print("mountpoint /mnt/pbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/sbackup")
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/tbackup"):
print("tertiary mountpoint exists.")
else:
print("mountpoint /mnt/tbackup does not exist.\n\tcreating...")
os.mkdir("/mnt/tbackup")
def mount_disks(wdisk):
"""mounts available backup disks in their respective subdirectories"""
pfolder = 1
sfolder = 1
tfolder = 1
pmapper = "pbackup"
smapper = "sbackup"
tmapper = "tbackup"
if wdisk == "p":
for pdisk in PDISKS:
if os.path.islink(pdisk):
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
if os.path.isfile(keyfile):
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + pdisk + " " + pmapper + str(pfolder) + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
else:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + pdisk + " " + pmapper + str(pfolder),shell=True)
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder)):
print("mounting " + pmapper + str(pfolder) + " at /mnt/pbak" + str(pfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + pmapper + str(pfolder) + " /mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder),shell=True)
pfolder += 1
else:
os.mkdir("/mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + pmapper + str(pfolder) + " /mnt/pbackup/pbak" + str(pfolder),shell=True)
pfolder += 1
elif wdisk == "s":
for sdisk in SDISKS:
if os.path.islink(sdisk):
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
if os.path.isfile(keyfile):
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + sdisk + " " + smapper + str(sfolder) + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
else:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + sdisk + " " + smapper + str(sfolder),shell=True)
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder)):
print("mounting " + smapper + str(sfolder) + " at /mnt/sbak" + str(sfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + smapper + str(sfolder) + " /mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder),shell=True)
sfolder += 1
else:
os.mkdir("/mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(folder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + smapper + str(sfolder) + " /mnt/sbackup/sbak" + str(sfolder),shell=True)
sfolder += 1
elif wdisk == "t":
for tdisk in TDISKS:
if os.path.islink(tdisk):
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
if os.path.isfile(keyfile):
print("keyfile found. Using keyfile to decrypt...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + tdisk + " " + tmapper + str(tfolder) + " --key-file " + keyfile,shell=True)
else:
print("keyfile not found or keyfile not set. \t\nAsking for passphrase...")
subprocess.call("sudo cryptsetup luksOpen " + tdisk + " " + tmapper + str(tfolder),shell=True)
if os.path.isdir("/mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder)):
print("mounting " + tmapper + str(tfolder) + " at /mnt/tbak" + str(tfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + tmapper + str(tfolder) + " /mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder),shell=True)
if os.path.islink(tdisk):
tfolder += 1
else:
os.mkdir("/mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder))
subprocess.call("mount " + "/dev/mapper/" + tmapper + " /mnt/tbackup/tbak" + str(tfolder),shell=True)
tfolder += 1
def umount_disks():
"""unmounts and relocks disks"""
pdirs = os.listdir("/mnt/pbackup")
sdirs = os.listdir("/mnt/sbackup")
tdirs = os.listdir("/mnt/tbackup")
for pdir in pdirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/pbackup/" + pdir):
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/pbackup/" + pdir,shell=True)
else:
print("not a mountpoint")
for sdir in sdirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/sbackup/" + sdir):
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/sbackup/" + sdir,shell=True)
else:
print("not a mountpoint")
for tdir in tdirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/tbackup/" + tdir):
subprocess.call("umount /mnt/tbackup/" + tdir,shell=True)
else:
print("not a mountpoint")
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/pbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/sbackup*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/tbackup*",shell=True)
def check_disks():
"""checks to see how many disks exist, exits program if none are attached"""
pdisknum = 0
sdisknum = 0
tdisknum = 0
for pdisk in PDISKS:
if os.path.islink(pdisk):
pdisknum += 1
else:
print("\ndisk " + pdisk + " not detected.")
for sdisk in SDISKS:
if os.path.islink(sdisk):
sdisknum += 1
else:
print("\ndisk " + sdisk + " not detected.")
for tdisk in TDISKS:
if os.path.islink(tdisk):
tdisknum += 1
else:
print("\ndisk " + tdisk + " not detected.")
total = pdisknum + sdisknum + tdisknum
if total == 0:
print("\nERROR: no disks detected.")
sys.exit()
elif total > 0:
print("found " + str(total) + " attached backup disks")
print(str(pdisknum) + " Primary")
print(str(sdisknum) + " secondary")
print(str(tdisknum) + " tertiary")
return total, pdisknum, sdisknum, tdisknum
### backup functions ###
# these need serious work. Need to get them to loop through available mounted
# disks in their categories and then execute rsync
def pbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup the entire system to all pdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/pbackup")
for dir in dirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/pbackup/" + dir) == True:
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
print("syncing disks with rsync...")
subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} /* /mnt/pbackup/" + dir + "/ --exclude={/sys/*,/mnt/*,/proc/*,/dev/*,/lost+found,/media/*,/tmp/*,/home/*/.gvfs/*,/home/*/downloads/*,/opt/*,/run/*",shell=True)
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
else:
continue
def sbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup everything under SBACKUP folder to all sdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/sbackup")
for dir in dirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/sbackup/" + dir):
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} " + SBACKUP + "/* /mnt/sbackup/" + dir + "/",shell=True)
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
else:
continue
def tbackup():
"""calls rsync to backup everything under TBACKUP folder to all tdisks"""
dirs = os.listdir("/mnt/tbackup")
for dir in dirs:
if os.path.ismount("/mnt/tbackup/" + dir):
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
subprocess.call("rsync --progress --human-readable --numeric-ids --inplace --verbose --archive --delete-after --hard-links --xattrs --delete --compress --skip-compress={*.jpg,*.bz2,*.gz,*.tar,*.tar.gz,*.ogg,*.mp3,*.tar.xz,*.avi} " + TBACKUP + "/* /mnt/sbackup/" + dir + "/",shell=True)
subprocess.call("sync",shell=True)
else:
continue
#### main ####
# check for root access:
r=os.getuid()
if r != 0:
print("ERROR: script not run as root.\n\tThis script MUST be run as root user.")
sys.exit()
elif r == 0:
# program body
check_dirs()
d=check_disks()
if d[1] > 0:
mount_disks("p")
pbackup()
elif d[2] > 0:
mount_disks("s")
sbackup()
elif d[3] > 0:
mount_disks("t")
tbackup()
umount_disks()
print("backup process complete.")
Last edited by ParanoidAndroid (2013-08-11 00:32:02)

Unix shell script should execute (run) webI report.

Hi
i am new to BO.
I have webI reports developed, can any one tell me how to execute a webI reprot using unix sheel script.

Hello Vijaya,
Thatu2019s an interesting question. BusinessObjects does not supply any native UNIX shell interfaces or scripts for running/executing Webi Reports. Not knowing what it is you are exactly trying to accomplish Iu2019ll give a very general answer.
I have had several customers who had requirements to have external systems execute, refresh and export reports in BusinessObjects Enterprise before. These external systems could execute a shell script so what they have ended up doing is creating generic Java applications that use the BusinessObjects BOE Java SDK. Once they had the Java application created their external application could execute a java directory or they created shell wrappers that were called. So what you could do is create some Java applications that wrap the functionally you need and then execute those from the command line.
With that said there is a lot of functionally built into BusinessObjects Enterprise. If I was to know exactly what you were trying to achieve I might be able to point you in the direction of an existing product feature.
Cheers,
David.

Exit status running java classpath in a unix shell script

I'm new to putting java into unix scripts. I have a java classpath running inside of a unix shell script. During my testing it will error with java.io.FileNotFoundException error, which I know why that is, but when I set in my unix shell script this to see the right exit status of success/fail, it always shows a 0 for success when that isn't really the case. Below is the two lines I have set to capture the exit status and just display that exit status for now.
notifycode=$?
echo $notifycode
I have these 2 lines above on a line right below my java command in my unix shell script. How can I get my unix shell script to show the right exit status if the java classpath command fails? Thanks for any help.

That's Java code, it says "End this Java application and send return code 1 back to the shell". As for how the shell gets the return code from the application, that's a question about your shell and not about Java programming, no?

How to prepare for Converting UNIX shell scripts to PL/SQL

Hi All
I was said, that i may have to convert a lot of unix shell script to PL/SQL, what are the concepts i need to know to do it efficently,
what are the options PL/SQL is having to best do that.
I know the question is little unclear, but I too dont have much inputs about that i'm sorry for that, just its a question of how
to prepare myself to do it the best way. What are the concepts i have to be familiar with.
Many Thanks
MJ

Just how much work is involved, is hard to say. Many years ago I also wrote (more than once) a complete ETL system using a combination of shell scripts, SQL*Plus and PL/SQL.
If the PL/SQL code is fairly clean, uses bind variables and not substitution variables, then it should be relatively easy to convert that PL/SQL code in the script to a formal stored procedure in the database.
There is however bits and pieces that will be difficult to move into the PL/SQL layer as it requires new software - like for example FTP'ing a file from the production server to the ETL server. This can be done using external o/s calls from within PL/SQL. Or, you can install a FTP API library in PL/SQL and FTP that file directly into a CLOB and parse and process the CLOB.
Think of Oracle as an o/s in its own right. In Oracle we have a mail client, a web browser, IPC methods like pipes and messages queues, cron, file systems, web servers and services, etc. And PL/SQL is the "shell scripting" (times a thousand) language of this Oracle o/s .
In some cases you will find it fairly easy to map a Unix o/s feature or command to one in Oracle. For example, a Unix wget to fetch a HTML CSV file can easily be replaced in Oracle using a UTL_HTTP call.
On the other hand, techniques used in Unix like creating a pipe to process data, grep for certain stuff and awk certain tokens for sed to process further... in Oracle this will look and work a lot different and use SQL.

Windows Server backup script won't do differential/incremental

What follows is a script that doesn't seem to do backups on an incremental basis so it is creating full backups each time.
++++++++++
param(
[string]$volLetter,
[string]$scriptStorageLocation
function prepare-disk($checkDiskCriteria,$diskOrVolume){
 if($diskOrVolume -eq 'disk'){
 $disks = Get-WBDisk
 $selected = $disks|?{$_.DiskName -match $checkDiskCriteria}
 elseif($diskOrVolume -eq 'volume' ){
 $allVolumes = Get-WBVolume -AllVolumes
 $selected = $allVolumes|?{$_.MountPath -match $checkDiskCriteria}
return $selected
function add-volumeMountPoint($policyAdd,$mountPoint){
 $matchVolumes = Get-WBVolume -AllVolumes
 $correctVolume = $matchVolumes | ?{ $_.MountPoint -eq $mountPoint}
 Add-WBVolume -Policy $policyAdd -Volume $correctVolume;
 return $policyAdd
function add-VMToWB($policyAdd,$vmName){
$vmObject = Get-WBVirtualMachine |?{ $_.VMName -eq $vmName}
$vmobject='PCLaw';'2012CORPEXCHANGE';'File Server';'DC1'
Add-WBVirtualMachine $policyAdd -VirtualMachine $vmObject
return $policyAdd
function remove-policy(){
$policy = get-wbpolicy -editable
$policy|export-clixml 'backup.xml'
remove-wbpolicy $policy -force
function restore-policy($wbBackupTarget){
$policyRestore = import-clixml 'backup.xml'
$global:newPolicy = new-wbpolicy
Set-WBSchedule -Policy $newPolicy -Schedule $policyRestore.Schedule
$VolumeBackupLocation = New-WBBackupTarget -Volume $wbBackupTarget
Add-WBBackupTarget -Policy $newPolicy -Target $VolumeBackupLocation
if($([string]$policyRestore.VssBackupOptions) -match 'VssFullBackup' ){Set-WBVssBackupOptions $global:newPolicy -VssFullBackup;write-host 'foundFull'}
else{Set-WBVssBackupOptions $global:newPolicy -VssFullBackup;write-host 'FoundCopy'}
$newPolicyBound = $policyRestore.VolumesToBackup|%{add-volumeMountPoint $global:newPolicy $_.MountPoint;}
$global:newPolicy = $newPolicyBound[-1]
if($policyRestore.BMR){Add-WBBareMetalRecovery $global:newPolicy}
if($policyRestore.SystemState){Add-WBSystemState $global:newPolicy}
$newPolicyBound = $policyRestore.ComponentsToBackup | %{ add-VMToWB $global:newPolicy $_.VMName}
$global:newPolicy = $newPolicyBound[-1]
write-host -fore cyan 'Final Policy'
$global:newPolicy
Set-WBPolicy $global:newPolicy
function rename-WIB($pathWIB,$dateOfBackup){
if(test-path $pathWIB){
 $newName = "WIB_"+$dateOfBackup
 rename-item $pathWIB -newName $newName
Add-WBBackupTarget -Policy $newPolicy
Set-WBPolicy $newPolicy
if(!($scriptStorageLocation)){
$scriptStorageLocation = 'C:\Techbase\WindowsBackupRecreationScript';}
$volCheck = $volLetter+":";
$pathNew = $volLetter+":\WindowsImageBackup";
$dateOfBackup = Get-Date -UFormat "%Y_%m_%d";
$volName = $volLetter+":";
if(!(test-path "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt")){
$diskOrVolumeInput = Read-host 'Are you using a disk or a volume (type d or v)?'
$diskOrVolumeInput = $diskOrVolumeInput.ToLower();
 if(($diskOrVolumeInput -eq 'v') -or ($diskOrVolumeInput -eq 'd')){
 New-Item "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt" -type file
 Add-content "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt" $diskOrVolumeInput
 if($diskOrVolumeInput -eq 'd'){
 disk
 $diskNum= Read-host 'Please select the disk number ?'
 Add-content "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt" $diskNum
 elseif($diskOrVolumeInput -eq 'v'){
 $allVolumes = Get-WBVolume -AllVolumes;
 $allVolumes|Select *;
 $diskVol= Read-host 'Please type in the letter of the Mountpath you would like to use (Only type in the letter)?'
 $diskVol = $diskVol.ToUpper();
 Add-content "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt" $diskVol
 else{
 Write-host -fore red 'Sorry the input was not an available option.'
else{
write-host 'Your configuration file was ready when this script is executed.';
$info = gc "$scriptStorageLocation\WBfile.txt"
 if($info[0]='v'){
 write-host -fore cyan $info[1]
 $WB_Volume = prepare-disk $info[1] 'volume'
 $locationOfWIB = $info[1] +":\WindowsImageBackup";
 rename-WIB $locationOfWIB $dateOfBackup
 remove-policy
 restore-policy $WB_Volume
 elseif($info[0]='d'){
 $WB_Disk = prepare-disk 'WD My Book 1230 USB Device' 'disk'
 $WB_Disk;
+++++++++++
Also what follows is the most recent backup policy.
+++++++++++++++++++
- <Objs Version="1.1.0.1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/2004/04">
- <Obj RefId="0">
- <TN RefId="0">
<T>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBPolicy</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<ToString>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBPolicy</ToString>
- <Props>
- <Obj N="Schedule" RefId="1">
- <TN RefId="1">
<T>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.DateTime, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
- <LST>
<DT>2014-10-14T19:30:00</DT>
</LST>
</Obj>
- <Obj N="BackupTargets" RefId="2">
- <TN RefId="2">
<T>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBBackupTarget, wsbcmdlet, Version=6.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]]</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
- <LST>
- <Obj RefId="3">
- <TN RefId="3">
<T>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBBackupTarget</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<ToString>F:</ToString>
- <Props>
<S N="Label">3TB USB</S>
<Nil N="WBDisk" />
<S N="WBVolume">3TB USB (F:)</S>
<S N="Path">\\?\Volume{7f5bcfe6-a050-44be-80c9-b056f0121819}</S>
<S N="TargetType">Volume</S>
true
true
</Props>
</Obj>
</LST>
</Obj>
- <Obj N="VolumesToBackup" RefId="4">
- <TN RefId="4">
<T>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBVolume, wsbcmdlet, Version=6.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]]</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<LST />
</Obj>
- <Obj N="FilesSpecsToBackup" RefId="5">
- <TN RefId="5">
<T>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBFileSpec, wsbcmdlet, Version=6.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]]</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<LST />
</Obj>
- <Obj N="FilesSpecsToExclude" RefId="6">
<TNRef RefId="5" />
<LST />
</Obj>
- <Obj N="ComponentsToBackup" RefId="7">
- <TN RefId="6">
<T>System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBApplicationComponent, wsbcmdlet, Version=6.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]]</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
- <LST>
- <Obj RefId="8">
- <TN RefId="7">
<T>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBVirtualMachine</T>
<T>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.WBApplicationComponent</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<ToString>0E91F216-553D-4C7C-8178-A09E5D081020\</ToString>
- <Props>
<S N="VMName">PCLaw 2008 R2</S>
<S N="ComponentName">0E91F216-553D-4C7C-8178-A09E5D081020</S>
<S N="LogicalPath" />
<S N="Caption">Backup Using Saved State\PCLaw 2008 R2</S>
<G N="WriterId">66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de</G>
<G N="InstanceId">b0f4f239-bcc6-408f-9db6-b66d5de9458d</G>
</Props>
</Obj>
- <Obj RefId="9">
<TNRef RefId="7" />
<ToString>12DCBB00-87D9-4660-82E1-E01245A5E011\</ToString>
- <Props>
<S N="VMName">2012CORPEXCHANGE</S>
<S N="ComponentName">12DCBB00-87D9-4660-82E1-E01245A5E011</S>
<S N="LogicalPath" />
<S N="Caption">Backup Using Saved State\2012CORPEXCHANGE</S>
<G N="WriterId">66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de</G>
<G N="InstanceId">b0f4f239-bcc6-408f-9db6-b66d5de9458d</G>
</Props>
</Obj>
- <Obj RefId="10">
<TNRef RefId="7" />
<ToString>8A769D3A-4B21-419A-8BA2-584EC3168C51\</ToString>
- <Props>
<S N="VMName">File Server</S>
<S N="ComponentName">8A769D3A-4B21-419A-8BA2-584EC3168C51</S>
<S N="LogicalPath" />
<S N="Caption">Backup Using Saved State\File Server</S>
<G N="WriterId">66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de</G>
<G N="InstanceId">b0f4f239-bcc6-408f-9db6-b66d5de9458d</G>
</Props>
</Obj>
- <Obj RefId="11">
<TNRef RefId="7" />
<ToString>A912807A-04FE-4AB6-981B-01D6489865D6\</ToString>
- <Props>
<S N="VMName">DC1</S>
<S N="ComponentName">A912807A-04FE-4AB6-981B-01D6489865D6</S>
<S N="LogicalPath" />
<S N="Caption">Backup Using Saved State\DC1</S>
<G N="WriterId">66841cd4-6ded-4f4b-8f17-fd23f8ddc3de</G>
<G N="InstanceId">b0f4f239-bcc6-408f-9db6-b66d5de9458d</G>
</Props>
</Obj>
</LST>
</Obj>
false
false
false
- <Obj N="VssBackupOptions" RefId="12">
- <TN RefId="8">
<T>Microsoft.Windows.ServerBackup.Commands.VssBackupOptions</T>
<T>System.Enum</T>
<T>System.ValueType</T>
<T>System.Object</T>
</TN>
<ToString>VssFullBackup</ToString>
<I32>0</I32>
</Obj>
</Props>
</Obj>
</Objs>
++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Script does everything perfect except for the backup not being incremental/differential - it just creates a different folder each iteration that it puts the backup into.
I would appreciate if someone could go through and let me know what we might be doing wrong - why we are not able to get this job to be incremental/differential.
Thanks in advance.

Hre are all of the options for Windows Backup:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee706670.aspx
If you can find an incremental backup naywhere in the options then I will admit I have missed something.
The old Windows Backup, pre-2008, could do incremental backups. The newer backup system is minimal and serves different purposes.
The question about how to use a subsystem of Windows is NOT a scripting question. It is a "how-to" for a Windows component.
If you do not understand the scrip tyou posted then I recommend finding someone with sufficient understanding of Windows and the new backup Cmdlets to help you top understand how they work.
Here is the Microsoft description of Windows Server Backup:
Windows Server Backup consists of a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in, command-line tools, and Windows PowerShell cmdlets that provide a complete solution for your day-to-day backup and recovery needs. You can use Windows Server Backup to back
up a full server (all volumes), selected volumes, the system state, or specific files or folders—and to create a backup that you can use for bare metal recovery. You can recover volumes, folders, files, certain applications, and the system state. And, in case
of disasters like hard disk failures, you can perform a bare metal recovery. (To do this, you will need a backup of the full server or just the volumes that contain operating system files, and the Windows Recovery Environment—this will restore your complete
system onto your old system or a new hard disk.)
You can use Windows Server Backup to create and manage backups for the local computer or a remote computer. And, you can schedule backups to run automatically.
Windows Server Backup is intended for use by everyone who needs a basic backup solution—from small business to large enterprises—but is even suited for smaller organizations or individuals who are not IT professionals.
It specifically states that only a full server or selected file,device backup is possible. There is no statement of incremental backup. Windows Server backup is intended for server recovery.
If you type "help Set-WBVssBackupOptions
-full" you will see that there are only two options "full" and "copy".
Please post your issues in the WS2008 or the WS2012 forum to get more information on how the Windows Server backup service works.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Execute stored procedure from Unix shell script

My current method of executing stored procedures (wpl_1 and wpl_2) from a unix shell script is as follows:
<<wpl.sh>>
sqlplus user/password @/home/oracle/scripts/wpl.sql
<<wpl.sql>>
set serveroutput on size 1000000
set timing on
execute wpl_1('0000010676','~')
execute wpl_2('0000010676','~')
execute wpl_1('0000010236','FIX')
execute wpl_2('0000010236','FIX')
exit
Question: Is it possible to combine the two scripts (unix and oracle) together?

A little rusty on this, but this may work:
My current method of executing stored procedures
(wpl_1 and wpl_2) from a unix shell script is as
follows:
<<wpl.sh>>sqlplus user/password @/home/oracle/scripts/wpl.sql << EOF
set serveroutput on size 1000000
set timing on
execute wpl_1('0000010676','~')
execute wpl_2('0000010676','~')
execute wpl_1('0000010236','FIX')
execute wpl_2('0000010236','FIX')
exit
EOF
>
Question: Is it possible to combine the two scripts
(unix and oracle) together?

Porting unix shell script to WEBUI having Struts framework

Hi,
I am working on an assignment where I have to migrate various unix shell scripts to web based application using struts framework(J2EE).
Is there any way to call the existing unix shell script thru the web based application?? so that the rewritting complexity can be reduced.
Any expert suggestion will be appreciated.
Thanks
Raj

Thank you for reply ,
And sorry by mistake question repeated twice,
but when iam executing those batch files it is throwing some exceptions,
in that file you did not mention to set the JRE path whether it is not necessary and also there msoc05 is the machine name of unix system that need to kept or need to be changed with window IP address .please reply.
thanks in advance.

RMAN Cold backup script

DB version :10.2.0.4
Do you find anything wrong in the below mentioned RMAN cold backup script? Any enhancements, corrections required?
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
backup database including current controlfile tag='full_bkp';
startup;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt obsolete device type disk;
resync catalog;
}

Since you are doing a SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE and STARTUP MOUNT before the BACKUP, there will be no ArchiveLogs generated while the backup is running --- as the database is not OPEN.
However, the PLUS ARCHIVELOG can include ArchiveLogs that had been generated from the previous STARTUP or ALTER DATABASE OPEN.
(In that case, I would suggest an SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT' before the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE).
Is your database running in ARCHIVELOG mode ? If not, then this discussion is moot.
If yes, the next question is, obviously : Why not take a Hot Backup while the database is running (in which case you MUST backup archivelogs !)
Hemant K Chitale

How can i call a Stored Procedure procedure from Unix shell script

Hi All,
I want to call a Strored PL-SQL Procedure through Unix shell script.
Can any body help me with this.
Regards,
Saurabh

I prefer a seperate script like the other poster mentioned. However, most shells can use a 'here' document as well ...
sqlplus uid/pwd <<END
exec myproc
exit
ENDRichard

Error while trying to execute a unix shell script from java program

Hi
I have written a program to execute a unix shell script in a remote machine. I am using J2ssh libraries to estabilish the session connection with the remote box.The program is successfully able to connect and authenticate with the box.
The runtime .exec() is been implemented to execute the shell script.I have given below the code snippet.
try {
 File file_location = new File("/usr/bin/");
 String file_location1 = "/opt/app/Hyperion/scripts/daily";
 String a_mib_name = "test.sh";
 String cmd[] = new String[] {"/usr/bin/bash", file_location1, a_mib_name};
 Runtime rtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
 Process p = rtime.exec(cmd, null, file_location);
System.out.println( "Connected to the server1" );
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
String line = br.readLine();
while(line !=null)
System.out.println(line);
line = br.readLine();
br.close();
p.getErrorStream ().close ();
p.getOutputStream().close();
int retVal = p.waitFor();
System.out.println("wait " + retVal);
//session.executeCommand("ls");
catch (IOException ex) {
I get an error message
Connected to the server
java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "/usr/bin/bash" (in directory "\usr\bin"
): CreateProcess error=3, The system cannot find the path specified
at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Unknown Source)
at SftpConnect.main(SftpConnect.java:143)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: CreateProcess error=3, The system cannot find th
e path specified
at java.lang.ProcessImpl.create(Native Method)
at java.lang.ProcessImpl.<init>(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(Unknown Source)
I am sure of the file path where the bash.sh and test.sh are located.
Am i missing something? Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks
Senthil

Hi, I am using a simple program to connect to a RMI server and execute shell script. I use the Runtime.exec aommand to do the same.
The script is sh /tmp/pub/alka/test.sh /tmp/pub/alka/abc/xyz/ul ul
The script when run from the server, gives no errors. But when ran using rthe above method in java, gives errors as follows,
Mycode:
String command = "/bin/sh /tmp/pub/alka/test.sh /tmp/pub/alka/abc/xyz/ul ul";
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec(command);
int exitVal = proc.exitValue();
System.out.println("Process exitValue: " + exitVal);
java.io.IOException: CreateProcess: /bin/sh /tmp/pub/alka/test.sh /tmp/pub/alka/abc/xyz/ul ul error=3
 at java.lang.ProcessImpl.create(Native Method)
 at java.lang.ProcessImpl.<init>(Unknown Source)
 at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(Unknown Source)
 at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(Unknown Source)
 at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Unknown Source)
 at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Unknown Source)
 at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Unknown Source)
 at DecryptTest.main(DecryptTest.java:18)
Can anyone please help

Unix Backup Script Question

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