Was 802.11i downgraded?

Back when 802.11i was still in draft form, WPA came out. WPA didn't deal
with things like secure IBSS (ad-hoc mode), secure fast handoff, and secure
deauthentication and disassociation. That was to be dealt with when 802.11i
was ratified. Now that 802.11i is ratified I can find no indication of it
covering secure deauthentication. Can anyone enlighten me on what happened?
Or am I just missing something in the standard?
I'm wondering if there is still a risk from malicious people sending
unsolicited deauthentication packets to an AP to create a denial of service. I suspect there is, in that 802.11w has been started and seems to cover this issue.

802.11 management frames are still unauthenticated, and are still vulnerable to the localized DoS attack you describe. 802.11i only added additional message checking and enhanced encryption capabilities to what WPA provided.

Similar Messages

Apple left out support for 802.11i, secure wireless networking WAP2

We just bought this iMac from Apple in July, and I'm very unhappy that Apple designed the AirPort networking for one generation earlier security with wireless networking.
The 802.11i standard, which supports very secure WAP2 without the need for a Radius Server (I believe 802.11i refers to this as personal mode) was adopted by the IEEE in 2004.
Apparently, 2 years isn't enough time for Apple to get the correct chipset into the computer. This system supports the earlier standards only, WAP and WEP. To achieve the newer standard requires a different chipset in the AirPort hardware. Apple supports 802.11i in the stand-alone AirPort gateways, and may support it in the newer Intel Core 2 Duo systems as well. Grumble, grumble, grumble.
For Apple marketing and customer support folks reading this, I'd appreciate your thoughts and suggestions on fixing this.
iMac Intel Core Duo 17" Mac OS X (10.4.8)
iMac Intel Core Duo 17" Mac OS X (10.4.8)

"I can find no indication of an Apple AirPort product that says it is capable of WPA2"
mrwheels,
You sound like someone looking for an argument. I'm not sure what the relevance of your statement really is, and I've also never heard of 802.11i. The only standards I've heard of are "b" and "g," not "i." Why don't you fill me in, as I've been using WPA2 since earlier this year? I believe my system automatically updated to it from WPA during one of the software updates, I think it was 10.4.6 in April, as I specifically recall having one iMac that was encrypted with WPA while another had WPA2. There was some sort of temporary issue that occurred with that setup, but, unfortunately, I can't remember what it was, since it lasted such a short time (the few minutes until I installed the update on the second iMac, as I recall).
Since the update was not a problem for me, the job of reading the update read-me's to determine exactly when it occurred will have to fall to you. In addition, if you look back at these discussion threads during the time from Jan to April, you will see that there were a goodly number of users who were having severe AirPort connection problems with their Core Duo iMacs. I wasn't one of them. They ALL reported having their problems resolved with the installation of the 10.4.6 software update.
I am using WPA2 on my four 20-inch Core Duo iMacs [purchased at three different times from two different Apple sources] as well as my G4 iBook and other Macs. They have been using WPA2 on both an AirPort Express base station network, and, at a different location, on an AirPort Extreme base station network, both of which are more than two years old. No matter what Apple's printed materials disclose, WPA2 is in fact supported.
"Apple is selling products that are 2 years behind in supporting a critical wireless security standard"
Based on what I've stated, and the fact that there are many Discussions members also using WPA2 with their AirPort base stations, that is baloney:))
Message was edited by: myhighway

802.11i Supported by Cisco Wireless Products?

Hello all,
Got a customer looking to install a wireless network however does not wish to do this unless the units support 802.11i.
Are there any routers/cards that support this that I can recommend?
Thanks,
Leon

There is no Cisco hardward supports 802.11i yet. There is a plan for Cisco to provide 802.11i. I am told not to disclose any future new hardward and new feature information. You need to talk to the local Cisco account team.

802.11i with VPN

With the rollout of the new 802.11i standard I am wondering if it's possible to use 802.11i along with the IPSEC VPN. Does anyone knows abt this?
Thanks.

You certainly can, but there's no need to do so for the sake of local security- the only reason you might want to VPN through a WPA2 wireless link is if you want to securely connect to an entirely different network elsewhere.

Original OS was W8.1, downgraded to W7, now need to go back to W8.1

I purchased this HP last year for work. At the time my company required I have Win7 not Win8.1 so I had to downgrade the original OS. Now my company can use Win8.1 and I would like to revert the OS back to 8.1 but it never came with any recovery disks and from what I remember I was unable to make a master recovery disk from the computer itself. ( I was very new to Win8.1 at the time and either I could not find it in the system or it did not offer it, I can't remember.) Anywho, how to I revert the system back to the original OS? Can I order the disk? Thanks for your time!

You're very welcome. Because your notebook came with W8.1 from the factory, there is an OEM W8.1 product key encrypted in the BIOS that the installation media should automatically see. There are no more Windows product key stickers on PCs starting with those that shipped with Windows 8 from the factory.

802.11i

I have a WUSB54GSC adapter and I see it listed on WiFi alliances certified adapters list. I am looking to buy a adapter and router that are both certified as WPA2 compliant.
I don't see it listed in the user manual though for this device, altho on WiFI security alliances page, it shows this device certified up to WPA2-Enterprise along with all EAP types.
I've noticed in the user manual for my adapter, Linksys offers WPA-Enterprise, and WPA2-Personal, this is extremely confusing, it appears obvious WPA2-Personal is just using a Pre-shared key.
Question I have is WPA-Enterprise section it says that for WPA-Enterprise , I can choose AES(I'm guessing CCMP is used). Isn't this just WPA2-Enterprise?
Does anyone know what the heck the difference is between WPA-Enterprise and WPA2-Enterprise? Looks to me according to wikipedia the only big difference between wpa and wpa2 was the inclusion of AES algorithm(more specifically CCMP). I'm just confused by the user manual for my wusb54gsc
http://www.linksys.com/servlet/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheadername1=Content-Type&blobheadername2=Content-Disposition&blobheadervalue1=application%2Fpdf&blobheadervalue2=inline%3B+filename%3DWUSB54GSC_ug.pdf&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1130830648831&ssbinary=true,
it says I have four options under WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Enterprise, Radius(wep).
so again I ask, whats the difference between WPA-Enterprise and WPA2-Enterprise. And if the WUSB54GSC is certified for WPA2-Enterprise, why isn't it listed as an option here in the manual?
Lastly what EAP types are available with this device?
Anyone that can answer any of these question, will have my utmost thanks.
oh actually, really lastly, anyone suggest a router to go with this adapter? Message Edited by blargman on 10-21-200612:32 AM
Message Edited by blargman on 10-21-200612:33 AM

WPA-enterprise and WPA2-enterprise were designed for use by businesses. Most ordinary home users should be using WPA-personal or preferably WPA2-personal, with AES, and a pre-shared key. Your pre-shared key should be at least 30 random alphanumeric characters, and should include both capital and small letters.
Additionally, to maximize your wireless security, you should pick an SSID made up of randon alphanumeric characters, at least 12 characters, and disable SSID broadcast.
Also, to maximize your wireless security, ideally you should enable MAC address filtering, thereby limiting access to your network to your own devices.

802.11i RSN - Master Session Key Generation - How is this derived?

Hi Guys,
So, When a STA has associated with an AP, and starts the EAP-TLS (or any other EAP method) process, it exhchages its certs mutually bla bla bla, and all is good, we get an eap-sucess message.
Now, in the radius portion of the eap-sucess message, the AS sends the AP (authentication) the MSK that the AS has generated by some means.
Great, AS has an MSK and now can derive the PMK
Now the questions
1. What about the supplicant, what does he use for the MSK?
2. Does the AS send the supplicant the same MSK?
3. If the supplicant and AS are generating different MSKs, is there some sort of link between them that when they dervive their PMKs, the work together?
4. How is the actual MSK derived, is it from the eap-identity-request packets in the early stages of the eap exchange, of if using eap-tls, is another parameter taken from the certificate to generate the MSK?
HELP PLEASE - ITS DRIVING ME MAD.
Thanks to all,
Ken

I can see the post issuance of the application can be processed by creating SD for the application Developer and getting token from card isssuer. But how about if the Issuer itself want to allow post issuance using its ISD? will it need token? i don't think so because token is only for delegated management, what u think? Could u give me the examples how cardholder downloading applet from internet from the issuer? Thank you!!

802.1x - Secuirty policies

Hello All
for 802.1x authentication what should be the security policy confgiured on the WLC
[WPA2][Auth(PSK)]
or
[WPA2][Auth(802.1X)]
or
hope to get some help
VR

WPA2 is not available alone. You need to select WPA+WPA2 as many clients still work on WPA.
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA or WPA1) and WPA2 are standards-based security solutions from the Wi-Fi Alliance that provide data protection and access control for wireless LAN systems. WPA1 is compatible with the IEEE 802.11i standard but was implemented prior to the standard’s ratification; WPA2 is the Wi-Fi Alliance's implementation of the ratified IEEE 802.11i standard.
By default, WPA1 uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and message integrity check (MIC) for data protection while WPA2 uses the stronger Advanced Encryption Standard encryption algorithm using Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (AES-CCMP). Both WPA1 and WPA2 use 802.1X for authenticated key management by default.
You should select [WPA2][Auth(802.1X)]. 802.1x is the standard for wireless LAN security, as defined by IEEE, is called 802.1X for 802.11, or simply 802.1X. An access point that supports 802.1X acts as the interface between a wireless client and an authentication server, such as a RADIUS server, to which the access point communicates over the wired network. If 802.1X is selected, only 802.1X clients are supported.
-Thanks
Vinod
**Encourage Contributors. RATE Them.**

Is it possible to downgrade to 10.5.5 with the combo updater?

I'm one of the lucky people who no longer have firewire after the 10.5.6 update. I was wondering if it was possible to downgrade to 10.5.5 using the combo updater? There weren't any issues prior to the update and now I can't access my peripherals in OS X. I have boot camp installed and everything works in windows. Also, I've tested the drive on my PowerBook (which still runs Tiger) and everything works fine (DiskWarrior and Disk Utility don't detect any problems). I've re-applied 10.5.6 using the combo updater and I've reset the PRAM, to no avail. At this point I'm fairly certain it's a 10.5.6 issue. So, is it possible to downgrade to 10.5.5?

no. there are no downgrade options in OS X. 10.5.5 combo update will refuse to install if you try. if you don't have a 10.5.5 backup the only way to get back to 10.5.5 is to do an archive and install and then upgrade to 10.5.5 using 10.5.5 combo update.

802.1X Athentication Successful but can't ping Default Router. PSK works fine

Got an interesting scenario. I am labbing out 802.1X authentication for wireless with a Cisco 2504 WLC along with a Windows Server 2012 r2 with AD, DHCP Server, DNS Server, Certificate Services, and NPS. I was able to make the different parts communicate and was able to successfully authenticate with an account I created on AD. Under my windows server event viewer, I received confirmation message: "Network Policy Server granted access to user." I received a valid IP address from the DHCP server. Computer is on the domain. Everything looks like it is working perfectly. I even checked the debug on my WLC looking for the mac address of my device but I received the "Processing Access-Accept mobile <MAC-ADDRESS>" message.
Here comes the problem. I created 2 WLAN’s to test. One was PSK while the other was 802.1X. They share the same interface on the WLC, so they have the exact same configurations. On my PSK everything works fine, I can browse Internet and ping devices within the network. On the 802.1X, I am able to ping the controller, but nothing else. Can’t ping gateway nor my dhcp server. Any thoughts?
Best Regards,
Sean

In your testing the device that connected with psk is the same device that connected to TLS?

How to downgrade from windows 8.1 to windows 7 professional

I just bought the new HP Envy 15.6 touchsmart laptop yesterday. It has 8.1 & I don't like it. I like everything else about the computer but can I replace the 8.1 windows with the windows 7? I just can't get the 8.1 figured out. I am too old to try and learn something that new & extreme. Help, please

bensonportland wrote:
I just bought the new HP Envy 15.6 touchsmart laptop yesterday. It has 8.1 & I don't like it. I like everything else about the computer but can I replace the 8.1 windows with the windows 7? I just can't get the 8.1 figured out. I am too old to try and learn something that new & extreme. Help, please
Go back to where you bought the laptop and ask them was there a downgrade for this laptop back to Windows 7 if their answer is No them most likely anyone on here won't be able to help. Also since that is new then I would conclude most likely you will not be able to go to Windows 7 as they won't have drivers for Windows 7. If this is the case return for Refund and this time ask them which of these laptops can still be downgraded to Windows 7 if they still have them where you are.
I am a Volunteer to help others on here-not a HP employee.
Replies aren't online 24/7 because of Time Zone differences.
Remember in this Day and Age of Computing the Internet is Knowledge at your fingertips if you choose understand it. -2015-

How do I downgrade to a specific update of Java version 6?

I am used MBA Mountain Lion OSX.
I am trying to use Business Objects through the web and unfortunately Java 7 is not compatible. I was able to downgrade to Java 6u65 (Java 1.6.0_65) but I really need update 45 to get Business Objects to work. Can anyone help me with the terminal code and/or a download that will allow me to pull out Java version 6u45? (Java 1.6.0_45)?
I've been on here trying several other's codes and it says permission denied or "unable to find any JVM versions matching 1.6.0_45"
Could that mean I don't have version 6u45 available to me period?

Just wanted to post the answer in case others have the same issue. I had to remove ALL java related files in order to install an earlier version and there was ONE transient file that I couldn't find and this code worked
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/38384/how-do-i-downgrade-java-on-osx-10 -6-8
sudo rm -R /Applications/Utilities/Java\ Preferences.app/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/Java/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/CoreServices/Jar\ Launcher.app
sudo rm -R /System/Library/CoreServices/Java\ Web\ Start.app/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/CoreServices/JavaVersion.plist
sudo rm -R /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/JavaApplicationLauncher.framework/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaEmbedding.framework/
sudo rm -R /System/Library/CFMSupport/StubLibraries/JavaEmbeddingLib/

IOS6 beta 2 downgrade to 5.1.1

Hi,
I have upgraded my iPad 3 with iOS 6 beta 2.
How do I downgrade it back to 5.1?
any ideas?
Thanks

Thanks for th information.
I was able to downgrade to 5.1.1.
The TomTom app was not working with my Dual GPS device. Now after restoring to 5.1.1 it is working great.
Alwin

[Solved] WPA connection problems - network was WEP encrypted.

Hi all, and thanks in advance for reading.
Tl;dr for the below: My card seems to work, but won't associate with the router using either netcfg or wpa_supplicant and I have no idea why. I have no graphical system to work from as yet.
Basically, I've just installed my Arch system, and I'm trying to get the wireless working. I have two wireless cards, one internal (Atheros) and one USB (preferred - it's a Belkin F5D9050, v3). My router - a BT HomeHub - uses WPA-PSK encryption.
For the moment, I'm trying to get the Belkin card - wlan1 - working as it gives better reception at home, so I'll use that in the examples, but I've had the same results with both so far.
Running
iwlist wlan1 scan
shows my network, so I think the card itself is working ok.
My netcfg profile reads:
CONNECTION='wireless'
INTERFACE='wlan1'
SECURITY='wpa'
ESSID='BTHomeHub2-2J6S'
KEY='...'
IP='dhcp'
TIMEOUT=120 // Large timeout I know, but apparently it can make a difference.
When attempting to connect with netcfg, I get the message 'WPA Authentication/Association failed'.
Trying with wpa_supplicant.conf as below:
network={
ssid="BTHomeHub2-2J6S"
proto=RSN // I've also tried WPA2
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP TKIP
group=CCMP TKIP
psk=[my passphrase as converted to hex by wpa_passphrase]
Running
wpa_supplicant -dd -B -Dwext -iwlan1 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
produces output similar to this.
I'm stuck. Any thoughts? Any and all help is appreciated!
Thanks in advance!
(Edited for stupid title)
Last edited by Owen Tuz (2010-09-19 23:17:16)

If you inspect
iwlist $interface scan
output you can see which ones are WEP or WPA(2):
WEP:
Cell 04 - Address: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
Channel:6
Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
Quality=21/70 Signal level=-89 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"WiFi 13"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000013713e511a8
Extra: Last beacon: 2493ms ago
WPA2 Personal:
Cell 03 - Address: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
Channel:48
Frequency:5.24 GHz (Channel 48)
Quality=65/70 Signal level=-45 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"Zeus 802.11n"
Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s
36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000011fcd6018a8
Extra: Last beacon: 60ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000C5A657573203830322E31316E
IE: Unknown: 01088C129824B048606C
IE: Unknown: 030130
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

WPA2-Enterprise + EAP (PEAP) and 802.1x to authenticate to RADIUS server NPS

I need to connect my iPhone and my iPad to the corporate wireless network using WPA2-Enterprise and 802.1x to authenticate against a RADIUS server with my corporate user. What is the procedure to configure the clients? Certificates is not necessary on the client. Radius server is a NPS of Microsoft and the WLC is a 5508 of Cisco.
thanks !!!

WPA and WPA2 are all actually interim protocols that are used until the standardization of IEEE 802.11i standard. Wi-fi appliance decided that ratification and standardization of 802.11i standards will take more time. So, they came up with WPA.
Now, WPA2 is advanced version of WPA. WPA2 uses AES as encryption algorithm. Whereas, WPA use TKIP as encryption mode which in turn uses RC4 encryption algorithm.
WPA and WPA2 are actually are of 2 types respectively.
WPA/WPA2-PSK - This is mainly for small offices. This uses Pre-Shared Key for authentication.
WPA/WPA2 -Enterprise - This uses a RADIUS Server for authentication. This is an extension to 802.1x authentication. But this uses stronger encryption scheme(WPA uses RC4 and WPA2 uses AES).
Any authentication mechanism that involves a separation authentication server for authentication like ACS server is called 802.1x authentication.
EAP stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol. It refers to the type or method of 802.1x Authentication by the RADIUS/Tacacs server. A RADIUS server can authenticate a wireless client with various EAP methods.
LEAP is one type of EAP. It uses username and password for authenticating wireless clients. LEAP is cisco proprietory.
There are also EAP types which uses other user credentials like Certificates, SIM etc for authentcation.
The following document might clarify your doubts.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/technologies_q_and_a_item09186a00805e8297.shtml

Was 802.11i downgraded?

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