What does Apple HW Test really test about hard drive?

My 2002 FP iMac was recently jolted. The internal hard drive is no longer recognized. Here is what I know:
When I boot with the Apple Hardware Test CD which came with the computer, it does not recognize anything wrong with the hard drive.
When I boot from an external hard drive, I get a dialog with buttons to Initialize, Ignore, or Eject the hard drive.
When I open Disk Utility (external HD boot), it can see the disk, but says it is unformatted.
I also downloaded a trial data recovery program and it could not find anything identifiable on the hard drive.
I don't really know what the Apple Hardware Test program tests with the hard drive, so I don't know how to interpret the information I have.
My questions:
Is there any hope for salvaging anything from the hard drive? (Probably not?)
Is the drive itself likely to be OK if I format and re-install my OS? (Is that what the HW Test is telling me?)
I have not tried to format the drive, because there are a few things I would really like to salvage. I have also not opened it up to examine anything on the inside because I would not know what to look for.
Suggestions for how to proceed will be welcome.

The data on the ill-fated hard drive may be recoverable; could be
there has been damage to the drive or the software on it that lets
the computer read files from the drive.
Some disk utilities such as Disk Warrior could see about trying to
fix the drive; although if physical damages exist, it can't fix that.
The booted OS X Installer's Disk Utility has options in the Installer
menu bar (drop down menu to select other things, when not just
reinstalling) and you could see if OS X's Disk Utility from the booted
Installer disc could give you a status report on the drive in Verify, &
also see what it says about 'Repair drive' when chosen to try a fix.
Sometimes, the OS X's Disk Utility can't fix something, and at that
point, other utilities (retail on DVD) may be able to. Then, the tossup
is, whether or not you want to pay for the utility to fix an old drive, or
put the money into a new one.
Data Recovery software is available as download, so if the old hard
disk drive were removed from the computer and a new drive put in,
later on the failed drive could be investigated through use of software
(such as those which can recover, then you pay to unlock results)
and that is another way to consider addressing the old drive contents.
Some would suggest, if you had Disk Warrior or some other disk utility
that could fix the old drive good enough to try and get data off it, maybe
even a full clone or just the files you need, then you would not need to
get the data recovery software. Of course, that software which runs to
see if you have recoverable files, can do that part for free.
The AHT may see the drive is present, while not recognizing a
failure in its firmware or in its directory, etc. Some kinds of disk
utilities can try to rebuild and replace a damaged directory or
other bits of software on the drive so it can be read again.
Usually, the test for the hard disk drive is Disk Utility on the
OS X Installer; and that gives you the boot version that sees
even a healthy drive as an unmounted and repairable volume
when it is correct and not beyond the limited ability of the utility.
Hopefully something practical comes from all these words...
Good luck & happy computing!

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