What is kernel_task? And why does it use so much memory?

I have an iMac 27 inch late 2009 purchased new in July 2010. It has a 3.08 Ghz Intel Core 2 Duo Processor and 4 GB of Memory. I recently upgraded to Yosemite and just now was unable to save an Excel document to an external hard drive with plenty of space with the warning I did not have enough memory. I went to my activity monitor and indeed there is very little memory and at the top of the usages of memory is kernel_task?  I don't know what that is and why it requires so much system memory.
Also, there is an installation I aborted for an app I realized I didnt need and for some reason something it out there still taking system memory and I get a message when I shut down that it can't install. How do I delete that.

DNS (Domain Name Service) is the Internet "address book" of web sites. Whenever you go to a site such as http://apple.com your browser must make calls to the DNS server specified in your Network Settings to translate "apple.com" into Apple's IP (Internet Protocol) address of 17.178.96.59. Any time you access any Internet resource (such as sending or receiving email, playing multi-player games, using a browser, Using any app that accesses data on the Internet such as news, weather, stocks, etc) one or more DNS lookups must be made. Many web sites have content from several different sites. Each site referenced on the page must also be looked up. Each query is small (~100 bytes), but they can add up.

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