What is the differents between subroutine

what is the differents between subroutine and function module
plz explain cliarly

Hi,
ABAP contains the following kinds of procedures:
Subroutines
Subroutines are principally for local modularization, that is, they are generally called from the program in which they are defined. You can use subroutines to write functions that are used repeatedly within a program. You can define subroutines in any ABAP program.
Function Modules
Function modules are for global modularization, that is, they are always called from a different program. Function modules contain functions that are used in the same form by many different programs. They are important in the R/3 System for encapsulating processing logic and making it reusable. Function modules must be defined in a function group, and can be called from any program.
Methods
Methods describe the functions and behavior of classes and their instances in ABAP Objects. Methods must be defined in classes. When you call them, you must observe certain special rules of object-oriented programming.
A subroutine is a block of code introduced by FORM and concluded by ENDFORM.
FORM <subr> [USING ... [VALUE(]<pi>[)] [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>]... ]
[CHANGING... [VALUE(]<pi>[)] [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>]... ].
ENDFORM.
Function Modules
Function modules are procedures that are defined in function groups (special ABAP programs with type F) and can be called from any ABAP program. Function groups act as containers for function modules that logically belong together. You create function groups and function modules in the ABAP Workbench using the Function Builder.
Function modules allow you to encapsulate and reuse global functions in the R/3 System. They are stored in a central library. The R/3 System contains a wide range of predefined function modules that you can call from any ABAP program. Function modules also play an important role in database updates and in remote communications between R/3 Systems or between an R/3 System and a non-SAP system.
Unlike subroutines, you do not define function modules in the source code of your program. Instead, you use the Function Builder. The actual ABAP interface definition remains hidden from the programmer. You can define the input parameters of a function module as optional. You can also assign default values to them. Function modules also support exception handling. This allows you to catch certain errors while the function module is running. You can test function modules without having to include them in a program using the Function Builder.
The Function Builder also has a release process for function modules. This ensures that incompatible changes cannot be made to any function modules that have already been released. This applies particularly to the interface. Programs that use a released function module will not cease to work if the function module is changed.

Similar Messages

What is the difference between subroutine and function module?

What is the difference between subroutine and function module?

Hi,
they can both return values.
FMs are mainly used when a routine is to be performed by many programs.
Subroutines (forms) are generally only executed within one program.
You can perform routines from other programs, but it's not often done.
both forms and FMs are reusable modularization units.
To distinguish we generally say that forms are used for internal modularization and
FMs are used for external modularization.
To decide on which to implement, consider whether you need the content to be used just for a limited program
or wheteher it can be called from many independent programs.
For the first purpose it is better to implement a form whereas for the second we implement an FM.
However, ABAP does not isolate the usage context.
That is; you can call a form from another program within whose code the form is not actually implemented.
However, this requires attention since the form may utilize global variables.
The same issue holds for FMs.
FMs are encapsulated in function groups and function groups may have global variables that can be globally
used by all FMs inside it.
Thanks,
Reward If Helpful.

What is the difference between smart forms and scripts.?

what is the difference between smart forms and scripts.?

Differences between Smartforms and SAPscript
a) Multiple page formats are possible in smartforms which is not the case in SAPScripts
b) It is possible to have a smartform without a main window .
c) Routines can be written in smartforms tool.
d) Smartforms generates a function module when activated.
e) Smartforms can create web enable forms like XML
f) smartforms itself contine subroutine pools need not to main separetly like in case of scripts
Request you to refer the following links
www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartform-sapscripts.htm
www.erpgenie.com/abap/smartforms_sapscript.htm
Sapscript vs Smartforms
Difference with SMARTFORMS vs. SapScript(SE71)
The Following are the differences :-
a) Multiple page formats are possible in smartforms which is not the case in SAPScripts
b) It is possible to have a smartform without a main window .
c) Labels cannot be created in smartforms.
d) Routines can be written in smartforms tool.
e) Smartforms generates a function module when activated
Scripts are client dependent whereas smartforms aren't.
Upto 99 main windows are possible in scripts and only one in smarforms.
To create multiple main windows in scripts, you just have to give the window type as MAIN whnever you create a window.
Scripts still exists but smartforms are in use from 4.6c version, now the lastest version of these two is adobe forms
SAP Smart Forms is introduced in SAP Basis Release 4.6C as the tool for creating and maintaining forms.SAP Smart Forms allow you to execute simple modifications to the form and in the form logic by using simple graphical tools; in 90% of all cases, this won't include any programming effort. Thus, a power user without any programming knowledge can
configure forms with data from an SAP System for the relevant business processes.
Advantages of SAP Smart Forms
SAP Smart Forms have the following advantages:
1. The adaptation of forms is supported to a large extent by graphic tools for layout and logic, so that no programming knowledge is necessary (at least 90% of all adjustments). Therefore, power user forms can also make configurations for your business processes with data from an SAP system. Consultants are only required in special cases.
2. Displaying table structures (dynamic framing of texts)
3. Output of background graphics, for form design in particular the use of templates which were scanned.
4. Colored output of texts
5. User-friendly and integrated Form Painter for the graphical design of forms
6. Graphical Table Painter for drawing tables
7. Reusing Font and paragraph formats in forms (Smart Styles)
8. Data interface in XML format (XML for Smart Forms, in short XSF)
9. Form translation is supported by standard translation tools
10. Flexible reuse of text modules
11. HTML output of forms (Basis release 6.10)
12. Interactive Web forms with input fields, pushbuttons, radio buttons, etc. (Basis-Release 6.10)
Reward Points if useful.

What is the difference between Topic Keywords and Index File Keywords?

What is the difference between Topic Keywords and Index File Keywords? Any advantages to using one over the other? Do they appear differently in the generated index?
RH9.0.2.271
I'm using Webhelp

Hi there
When you create a RoboHelp project you end up with many different ancillary files that are used to store different bits of information. Many of these files bear the name you assigned to the project at the time you created it. The index file has the project name and it ends with a .HHK file extension. (HHK meaning HTML Help Keywords)
Generally, unless you change RoboHelp's settings, you add keywords to this file and associate topics to the keywords via the Index pod. At the time you compile a CHM or generate other types of output, the file is consulted and the index is built.
As I said earlier, the default is to add keywords to the Index file until you configure RoboHelp to add the keywords to the topics themselves. Once you change this, any keyword added will become a META tag in the topic code. If your keyword is BOFFO, the META tag would look like this:
<meta name="MS-HKWD" content="BOFFO" />
When the help is compiled or generated, the Index (.HHK) file is consulted as normal, but any topics containing keywords added in this manner are also added to the Index you end up with. From the appearance perspective, the end user woudn't know the difference or be able to tell. Heck, if all you ever did was interact with the Index pod, you, as an author wouldn't know either. Well, other than the fact that the icons appear differently.
Operationally, keywords added to the topics themselves may hold an advantage in that if you were to import these topics into other projects, the Index keywords would already be present.
Hopefully this helps... Rick

What is the difference between "Invisible" (11g) and "virtual" index?

Hi
What is the difference between the "Invisible" index and "virtual" index?
Thanks
Balaji

Indexes can be visible or invisible. An invisible index is maintained by DML operations and cannot be used by the optimizer. Actually takes space, but is not to be used as part of a potential access path.
AFAIK, a virtual index is created by the tools used in SQL statement access path tuning to provide an alternative for the optimizer to test. It does not take any real space as it is a pure in memory definition.

What is the difference between the drop and create the index and rebuild index ?

Hi All,
what is the difference between drop and create index & rebuild index ? i think both are same...Please clarify if both are same or any difference...
Thanks in Advance,
rup

Both are same. Rebuilding an index drops and re-creates the index.
Ref:
SSMS - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187874(v=sql.105).aspx
TSQL - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188388.aspx
I would suggest you to also refer one of the best index maintenance script as below:
https://ola.hallengren.com/sql-server-index-and-statistics-maintenance.html

What is the difference between 'command delete' and using 'delete original and all versions'?

My masters are not referenced and I usually have only one version. What is the difference between using 'command delete' versus going to the top menu bar and using 'dele

Good question .
When the Version is the only Version based on the Original of that Version, the two commands have the same effect.
See this User Tip by master Aperturist Frank Caggiano.

What is the difference between the following 2 hints?

What is the difference between the following 2 hints?
USE_NL
USE_NL_WITH_INDEX

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/sql_elements006.htm#SQLRF50701
Oracle Documentation starts @ http://tahiti.oracle.com

What is the difference between #variable_name and :variable_name?

Hi!
What is the difference between #variable_name and :variable_name?
I have found that if we use alphanumeric variable then :variable_name return value in quotes but #variable_name without quotes.
Why it does not work in the same way for variable default values when variable is used in filter? (It works in mapping)
I use variable in filter like T.OUT_DATE>convert(datetime,:LAST_UPDATE_DATE,121)
When I use my variable in package and do refresh it works fine. But when I try to execute the same interface with variable default value I get error. Seems that variable name has been not changed to the value. It does not work with default value in quotes neither without quotes.
Any ideas how to solve that?
Thank you in advance!
Edited by: user13278245 on Sep 15, 2010 4:34 AM

Question is how to make it work with default value, when I execute interface standalone, not in package? And why it works in mapping but not in filter?
+ I have found that it works if source is Oracle. It doesn't work only for MS SQL source.
Edited by: user13278245 on Sep 15, 2010 6:43 AM

What is the difference between Video-out and mirroring?

What is the difference between Video-out and mirroring? I can't get iPhone 4 video to work on my TV screen
I have just bought an MD098ZM/A (Apple 30-pin Digital AV Adapter). I am struggling to get it to show a picture on my TV. I know I'm doing something right because the audio is coming out of my TV speakers but no picture on the TV screen.
I have used the same HDMI channel (on the TV side) with the same cable and my thunderbolt port (MacBook Air) without any trouble - and on the same app (BBC iPlayer download then full-screen mode).
Now I note that the packaging for the MD098ZM/A says video-out on iPhone 4 but mirroring only on iPhone 4S. I only have an iPhone 4 (not the 4S). Now if the lack of iPhone 4 support for mirroring means that I can't play video material out to my TV, then in what sense is there any video-out capability at all?
There is only safety and warranty paperwork in the Apple adapter packaging - no help information. And I haven't found further guidance online either.
I do note somewhere online that it suggests that basic non-mirroring video-out (for this adapter) only works with some external TV sets. Any way of finding out which? I'm using a Sanyo CE32LD90-B LCD TV if it helps.
So far not doing very well.

Now found these but have had to give up on this adapter!
http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/iphone_user_guide.pdf
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4108

What is the difference between jsp :include and server side include

what is the difference between jsp :include and server side include(request dispatcher include method)????
i understand that both request dispatcher include method and jsp:include take dynamic data,so when would one use request dispatcher include and when jsp:include.
Is the usage interchangeable?i believe jsp include is used only for jsp/html but include directive can be used to include servlets ,jsp and html....correct me if i m wrong and
do suggest if u hav ny other diff in this context...

The difference really is: in what format do you want your inclusions? If your environment has many Java developers and only a few designers that focus mainly on, say, Flash, that might push you more towards the server-side include() directive. Or, if you have a large set of pages that receive dynamic content that is displayed in a consistent fashion (such as a workflow header area on a page).
If, on the other hand, you have more web designers, there may be a greater desire to deal in markup rather than Java code. Java developers themselves might prefer to view markup (JSP) that more resembles the eventual output than something occuring in Java code.
Finally, there are considerations of tiering. While it is totally possible to (and I have previously) implement 'view classes' that render markup or generate layout templates, JSP's offer, IMO, a subtle, psychological advantage. By forcing a developer to work in a different format, markup versus Java source, the separation on view from controller and model becomes a bit easier. It is still possible to make mistakes, but if a developer at some point notices, "Wait, I'm in a JSP, should I be importing a java.sql class?", then the choice to use JSP includes has paid off in spades.
- Saish

What is the difference between"export audio and "bounce"?

What is the difference between the "export audio" and "bounce" functions?
Do plug ins get saved with the created BWF(broadcast wave files)in the "export" function?
Or is the "bounce" method the required function to enable plugins embedded in BWF files?
Also I noticed that the "convert to SDII file" produces files not readable by ProTools.
It was my understanding that using the convert to SD II files via the audio bin is used, it would produce BWF files for use in Protools.And if you use symbols like / in your track names the files won't get converted or bounced!
Also would it not be cool if LE8 had a feature that could render BWF files small enough to send via internet file sharing and transfer apps, in other words a built in file transfer feature. Am I asking for too much.

Export audio is good to move the tracks to another application or computer for further editing.
Bounce renders the mix into a stereo track in 2 basic ways: PCM, i.e. uncompressed, or compressed (like AAC, mp3 etc.).
PCM can be AIFF, Broadcast WAV (even if it's written only WAV those are BWF), and SDII that's the standard file type of ProTools.
Note that PT doesn't use interleaved stereo files but two separate files for left and right channels, i.e. filename.l and filename.r and if you save in this way PT will accept those files for sure.
Uncompressed audio files cannot be compacted (in fact, that's why they're called uncompressed).
These days there are a lot of Internet services that permit to transfer several Gb (up to 5) for free.
If you are thinking of something like Digidelivery then you should put your attention towards Digi's products, not Apple's ones.
cheers
rob

What is the difference between FBCJC1 and FBN1

Hi,
I would like to know what is the difference between maintaining number range in FBCJC1 and FBN1.
When I maintained the number range under FBCJC1, it doesnt work. Only when I maintained under FBN1, then posting went through.
When i post a receipt via FBCJ, and when i view the document, it debit and credit both my petty cash acct. Is the entry correct ?
If i post a payments (link to a expense acct), will the entry be debit expense and credit petty cash acct ?
What is the impact on the cash journals entries in FI for the respective GL accts ?
Thanks.
Angel.

Hi,
I have tried to give aswers to your queries.
I would like to know what is the difference between maintaining number range in FBCJC1 and FBN1.
The Cash journal document number range & FI document number range are different. We will have to maintain both number ranges.
When i post a receipt via FBCJ, and when i view the document, it debit and credit both my petty cash acct. Is the entry correct ?
No, You will have to credit your income account head against which you are receiving the income
If i post a payments (link to a expense acct), will the entry be debit expense and credit petty cash acct ?
Yes
What is the impact on the cash journals entries in FI for the respective GL accts ?
Depending on the accounts which are selected in the Business Transaction, the entries will be passed in FI with corresponding effect in the Cash GL Account.
If you require any more clarification please let me know.
Regards,
Amit

What is the difference between start() and run()

Hi:
what is the difference between start() and the run()???
in my app, i have
Console.debug( "starting thread to listen for clients" );
_server = new Server( this );
_server.start();
_server extends Thread..
why everytime i use server.start(); my app will terminate on it is own, even though in my servr.run() method, i have a while loop
and if i call _server.run() explicitly in my code, that while loop will be in execution
can someone let me know??
thnx

what is the difference between start() and the
run()???start() is a method on Thread that tells it to start.
run() is a method in the object that the thread executes.
why everytime i use _server.start(); my app will
terminate on it is own, Err.... I'm not convinced this is true. It'll throw an IllegalThreadStateException, if you try to restart an existing thread.
If that's what you're saying.
even though in my _servr.run()
method, i have a while loopI don't see the connection. Are you saying that the while loop never terminates, and you don't see why the thread is terminating?
and if i call _server.run() explicitly in my code,
that while loop will be in executionIf you call server.run() explicitly, then run() will be executed in the same thread that you called it in.

What is the difference between variable and Define

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
these different declarations when it is done using the keyword "variable" and "define"
and both of these are done OUTSIDE "DECLARE"
VARIABLE g_monthly_sal NUMBER
DEFINE p_annual_sal =5000
-- I understand that p_annual_sal will be taken as a CHAR.
-- ALSO IF DEFINE variable acts as macro variable, SO is it necessary to give it some value whenever we define it.
if not what value would be substituted for it?
OR does that mean whenever we want to specify data type for a bind varible we should use VARIABLE and
when we do not want to specify type we use DEFINE?
THANK YOU
Edited by: user6287828 on Feb 24, 2009 11:03 AM
Edited by: user6287828 on Feb 24, 2009 11:04 AM

Both are SQL*plus commands. In a real programming environment you will not use such constructs (except a few rare scripting cases).
The difference is how the construct is later used. DEFINE is more like a copy&paste string. Whereever the name of this substitution variable is found it will be pasted into the sql*plus session.
VARIABLE creates a real variable. You can change the value and if follwos the usual principles of variables (including binding).
Example can be found the docs:
from the docs
Where and How to Use Substitution Variables
You can use substitution variables anywhere in SQL and SQL*Plus commands, except as the first word entered. When SQL*Plus encounters an undefined substitution variable in a command, SQL*Plus prompts you for the value.
You can enter any string at the prompt, even one containing blanks and punctuation. If the SQL command containing the reference should have quote marks around the variable and you do not include them there, the user must include the quotes when prompted.
SQL*Plus reads your response from the keyboard, even if you have redirected terminal input or output to a file. If a terminal is not available (if, for example, you run the script in batch mode), SQL*Plus uses the redirected file.
After you enter a value at the prompt, SQL*Plus lists the line containing the substitution variable twice: once before substituting the value you enter and once after substitution. You can suppress this listing by setting the SET command variable VERIFY to OFF.
Using Bind Variables
Bind variables are variables you create in SQL*Plus and then reference in PL/SQL or SQL. If you create a bind variable in SQL*Plus, you can use the variable as you would a declared variable in your PL/SQL subprogram and then access the variable from SQL*Plus. You can use bind variables for such things as storing return codes or debugging your PL/SQL subprograms.
Because bind variables are recognized by SQL*Plus, you can display their values in SQL*Plus or reference them in PL/SQL subprograms that you run in SQL*Plus.
Creating Bind Variables
You create bind variables in SQL*Plus with the VARIABLE command. For example
VARIABLE ret_val NUMBER
This command creates a bind variable named ret_val with a datatype of NUMBER. See the VARIABLE command for more information. (To list all bind variables created in a session, type VARIABLE without any arguments.)
Referencing Bind Variables
You reference bind variables in PL/SQL by typing a colon (:) followed immediately by the name of the variable. For example
:ret_val := 1;
To change this bind variable in SQL*Plus, you must enter a PL/SQL block. For example:
BEGIN
:ret_val:=4;
END;
/

What is the differents between subroutine

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