What level of access a DBA should have on production Environment

We are in the process of auditing
I want to know what level of acccess a DBA has on a production server..How about the Backups ONLINE/EXport backup? Which account should be used for those purposes...
Can i DBA login as SYSTEM or SYS user? or he should have separate account to do all the activities..
I am more on protecting the data from unauthorized user..Any standards followed for that
Best Regards
Maran

Hi Maran,
What level of access a DBA should have on production Environment
root
However, there have been cases of dishonest DBA's and SA, manipulating data for profit and stealing data:
http://www.dba-oracle.com/art_lumigent_whitepaper.htm
Kevin Mitnick, the noted computer felon likes to show how security breeches are commonly the result of employee errors. In his book “The Art of Deception”, Mitnick talks about his techniques to get trusting employees to disclose confidential information and privileged passwords. In one case Mitnick was able to secure a privileged password using the name Lemonjello, and then bragged about the naïve employee who handed-over a system password to someone called “Lemon Jell-O”. In this case the IT staff was never able to ascertain the root cause of the breech because their mechanism for the dissemination and auditing of secure information was inadequate.
Today, there are ways to seregate the audit trails, giving the DBA what they need to do their job, while not giving them the keys to the kingdom.
Hope this helps . . .
Donald K. Burleson
Oracle Press author
Author of "Oracle Tuning: The Definitive Reference"
http://www.rampant-books.com/book_2005_1_awr_proactive_tuning.htm

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