What's the safest way...force eject an external hard drive?

I have 10.6.8 on  MacBook Pro.  When I try to eject my 1TB external hard drive, I get the error message “one or more programs may be using it.”  When I tried to eject it from Utilities, it said that “it could not be unmounted.”  What’s the safest way to unmount it?  Can I just shut down my laptop and then turn off the external hard drive after the computer is shut down?

Shutting down should always work, because all programs are terminated and they stop using the disk. But you often don't have to go that far.
Logging out should also always work, for the same reasons, although the only programs that get terminated are the ones in the user account that is logged out.
If you don't want to log out, quit any apps you are no longer using.
Mac Mail is notorious for hanging onto files that have been attached to emails. If you attached a file from an external disk, Mail might not have let it go. Quitting Mail solves this problem.
The Finder sometimes doesn't let go of files either, like after you do a QuickLook on a file. Normally you can't quit the Finder except using Activity Monitor, so I add the Quit command using a utility like TinkerTool because quitting the Finder definitely helps with some problems.
Another solution is to upgrade to Lion, because I hear that the message is more specific about telling you exactly which program it is that's still using the disk.

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