Who updated the column and when

I have a question we have a column and we want to find out who updated it and when means what was its initial value and what changes have occured to it and who made these changes
Thanks in advance
Shakeel
Pakistan

> oracle does not (by default) keeps any track of updates/deletes etc.
And it is not possible to recover this information.
Oracle does keep track of updates/inserts/deletes - that is the cornerstone of any RDBMS as it is required for concurrency controls, dealing with locks and transactions.
This data is stored in the undo/redo area of Oracle. In archive log mode, this data is automatically archived before it is deleted when it is no longer needed.
There is thus an accurate record of transactions in Oracle. Oracle provides a standard product called Log Miner that allows you to reconstruct what has happened.
However, as far as identifying the user, that is not possible. Oracle does not know or care who the user is - or who/what/where the client application is. It does not authenticate the end-user or client application. All that the end-user/client application need to supply is a valid Oracle schema name and password (default Oracle authentication). And that is what Oracle records for the transaction - the Oracle owner of the Oracle session for that transaction. Not the end-user, not the client application or even client IP address.
That data is related to auditing and not to the actual transaction. In which case you need to look at the Oracle AUDIT command for recording those details.

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