Why do I need to declare "defaultButton" ? (In a component form part of view stack)

After doing some research and some help from FlexGuy in another thread, I realize that I need to make sure I have custom components initialized before accessing parts of the component.  Just recently I was thrown for a long time when I tried to first click on a form field that was part of a component in my view stack, I'd get:
TypeError: Error #1009: Cannot access a property or method of a null object reference.
    at mx.managers::FocusManager/focusInHandler()[C:\autobuild\galaga\frameworks\projects\framew ork\src\mx\managers\FocusManager.as:601]
With the debugger it's occuring in the focusInHandler method of FocusManager.as: (apparently _defaultButton is null.)
// restore the default button to be the original one
                if (defButton && defButton != _defaultButton)
                    defButton.emphasized = false;
                    defButton = _defaultButton;
                   _defaultButton.emphasized = true;
This prompted me, on a whim, to delcare a defaultButton:
<mx:Form id="empForm" defaultButton="{submitButton}">
which refers to my submit button:
<mx:Button id="submitButton" click="submitEmployee()" label="{submitLabel}"/>
My question, is why is this necessary? In some examples I don't see this declared at all, but I seem to need it? (I'm calling creationPolicy="all" to make sure my components are initialized but I still seem to have to this defaultButton declared?)

It's a way of proving that you are able to purchase content from that country's store i.e. that you have a valid billing address in it
From Why can’t I select None when I edit my Apple ID payment information? - Apple Support :
If you changed your country or region
When you change the country or region of an existing Apple ID, you must provide a payment method and update your billing options. If you want to remove your payment method after you change the country or region, you can change your payment information to None.

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    This is a question about exception handling. I have to build a diary application that lets you save reminders on particular dates using xml. Just to make it a little tougher, I was not allowed to use the Calendar class. This is the code I wrote:
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.text.*; 
    import javax.xml.parsers.*;
    import org.xml.sax.*;
    import java.io.*;     
    import org.w3c.dom.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.dom.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
    import static java.lang.Math.*;
    public class CalendarAssignment extends JFrame implements ActionListener
         int MonthLength [] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
         public JButton [] days = new JButton[43];
         private JLabel lbl, reminderlbl;
         private JPanel top, grid, remindercenter, reminderbottom;
         private JFrame reminderframe;
         private JTextField year1, reminderinput, dayno;
         private JComboBox months;
         private Container container;
         private JButton fetch, save, cancel;
         private Document doc;
         private File file;
         private Node node;
         private String year, month, day;
              public static void main( String[] args ) {
                   CalendarAssignment c = new CalendarAssignment( );
                   c.setSize( 400, 300 );
                   c.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
                   c.show( );
              public CalendarAssignment( ) {
                   int CurrentYear, CurrentMonth;
                   String YearString, MonthString, Now;
                   Date today;
                   container = getContentPane( );
                   container.setLayout( new BorderLayout( ) );
                   SimpleDateFormat DateFormatter;
                   DateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat( "MM.yyyy" );
                   today = new Date( );
                   Now = DateFormatter.format( today );
                   MonthString = Now.substring( 0,2 );
                   YearString = Now.substring( 3,7 );
                   CurrentMonth = Integer.valueOf( MonthString );
                   CurrentYear = Integer.valueOf( YearString );
                   top = new JPanel( );
                        String [] items = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
                                      "July", "August", "September", "October", "November",
                                      "December" };
                        months = new JComboBox( items );
                        months.setEditable( false );
                        months.setSelectedIndex( CurrentMonth - 1 );          
                        year1 = new JTextField( );
                        year1.setText( YearString );
                        year1.setEditable( true );
                        year1.setHorizontalAlignment( year1.CENTER );
                        fetch = new JButton( "Fetch Month" );
                        fetch.addActionListener( this );
                        top.setLayout( new GridLayout( 1, 3, 20, 0 ) );
                        top.add( months );
                        top.add( year1 );
                        top.add( fetch );
                   grid = new JPanel( );
                        grid.setLayout( new GridLayout( 7, 7, 0, 0 ) );
                        String [] week = { "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thur", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun" };
                        for ( int a = 0; a < 7; a ++ ) {
                                  JLabel lbl = new JLabel( week[a], JLabel.CENTER );
                                  grid.add( lbl );
                        for ( int i = 0; i < 42; i ++ ) {
                                  days[i] = new JButton( );
                                  grid.add( days[i] );
                                  days.addActionListener( this );
                        DrawCalendar( CurrentMonth, CurrentYear );
                        container.add( top, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                        container.add( grid, BorderLayout.CENTER );
              private void DrawCalendar( int SelectMonth, int SelectYear ) {
                        int DisplayMonthLength, Buttons;
                        String ButtonID = "";
                        int OffSet = MonthStart( SelectMonth, SelectYear );
                        DisplayMonthLength = MonthLength [SelectMonth - 1];
                        if ( SelectMonth == 2 )
                             DisplayMonthLength += LeapYear( SelectYear );
                        for ( Buttons = 1; Buttons < 43; Buttons ++ ) {
                             if ( ( Buttons <= OffSet ) || ( Buttons > ( DisplayMonthLength + OffSet ) ) ) {
                                  ButtonID = "";
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                             else {
                                  ButtonID = Integer.toString( Buttons - OffSet );
                                  days[Buttons-1].setEnabled( true );
                        days[Buttons-1].setLabel( ButtonID );
                        grid.add( days[Buttons-1] );
              private int LeapYear( int year ) {
                        int FourHundred, OneHundred, Fourth;
                        FourHundred = year % 400;
                        OneHundred = year % 100;
                        Fourth = year % 4;
                        if( ( ( FourHundred == 0 ) ) || ( ( OneHundred != 0 ) && ( Fourth == 0 ) ) )
                             return ( 1 );
                        else
                             return ( 0 );
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                        int OffSet, LastMonths, BeforeOrAfter, Years;
                        int AllDays = 0;
                        int YearDays = 365;
                        int YearMonths = 12;
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                             BeforeOrAfter = BeforeOrAfter / Years;
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                             case 1:
                                  for( int a = 2006; a < Year; a ++ ) {
                                       AllDays += YearDays + LeapYear( a );
                                  AllDays += LastMonthsCalc( Month, Year );
                             break;
                             case -1:
                                  for( int a = 2005; a > Year; a -- ) {
                                       AllDays += YearDays + LeapYear( a );
                                  for( LastMonths = YearMonths; LastMonths >= Month; LastMonths -- ) {
                                       AllDays += MonthLength[LastMonths - 1];
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                                            AllDays += LeapYear( Year );
                             break;
                             default:
                                  if( Month > 1 )
                                       AllDays += ( LastMonthsCalc( Month, Year ) );
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                             return( 6 - OffSet );
                        else if( OffSet > 0 )
                             return( OffSet - 1 );
                        else
                             return( 6 );
              private int LastMonthsCalc( int Month, int Year ) {
                        int Counter;
                        int days = 0;
                        for( Counter = 1; Counter < Month; Counter ++ ) {
                             days += MonthLength[Counter - 1];
                             if( Counter == 2 )
                                  days += LeapYear( Year );
                        return( days );
              public void CreateReminder( String buttonID, String yearID, String monthID ) {
                        reminderframe = new JFrame( );
                        reminderlbl = new JLabel( );
                        reminderframe.setLayout( new GridLayout( 2, 1, 0, 0 ) );
                        remindercenter = new JPanel( );
                             reminderlbl = new JLabel( "Please type in reminder to be saved for " + buttonID + " " + monthID + " " + yearID + ":", JLabel.CENTER );
                             reminderinput = new JTextField( 30 );
                             reminderinput.setHorizontalAlignment( reminderinput.CENTER );
                             reminderinput.setEditable( true );
                             remindercenter.setLayout( new GridLayout( 2, 1, 0, 0 ) );
                             remindercenter.add( reminderlbl );
                             remindercenter.add( reminderinput );
                        reminderbottom = new JPanel( );
                             save = new JButton( "Save" );
                             save.addActionListener( this );
                             cancel = new JButton( "Cancel" );
                             cancel.addActionListener( this );
                             dayno = new JTextField( buttonID );
                             dayno.setEditable( false );
                             dayno.setEnabled( false );
                             dayno.show( false );
                             reminderbottom.setLayout( new FlowLayout( ) );
                             reminderbottom.add( save );
                             reminderbottom.add( cancel );
                             reminderbottom.add( dayno );
                        reminderframe.setSize( 500, 75 );
                        reminderframe.add( remindercenter );
                        reminderframe.add( reminderbottom );
                        reminderframe.pack( );
                        reminderframe.show( );
              public void SaveReminder( String dayID, String yearID, String monthID ) throws Exception {
                        file = new File( "Diary.xml" );
                        doc = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance( ).newDocumentBuilder( ).parse( file.toURL( ).toString( ) );
                        String year = yearID;
                        String month = monthID;
                        String day = dayID;
                        //System.out.println( year );
                        //System.out.println( month );
                        //System.out.println( day );
                        CreateEntry( doc.getDocumentElement( ) );
                        writeXmlFile( );
              public boolean CreateEntry( Node node ) {
                        Node searchNode;
                        searchNode = getYear( node );
                        if( searchNode == null ) {
                             Element newNode = doc.createElement( "Year" );
                             searchNode = node.appendChild( newNode );
                             newNode.setAttribute( "Id", year );
                        node = searchNode;
                        searchNode = getMonth( node );
                        if( searchNode == null ) {
                             Element newNode = doc.createElement( "Month" );
                             searchNode = node.appendChild( newNode );
                             newNode.setAttribute( "Id", month );
                        node = searchNode;
                        searchNode = getDay( node );
                        if( searchNode == null ) {
                             Element newNode = doc.createElement( "Day" );
                             searchNode = node.appendChild( newNode );
                             newNode.setAttribute( "Id", day );
                        node = searchNode;
                        String entry = reminderinput.getText( );
                        Node textNode = doc.createTextNode( entry );
                        node.appendChild( textNode );
                        return true;
              private Node getYear( Node node ) {
                        node = node.getFirstChild( );
                        while( node != null ) {
                             if(node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Year" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == year )
                                  return node;
                                  node = node.getNextSibling( );                    
                        return null;
              private Node getMonth( Node node ) {
                        node = node.getFirstChild( );
                        while( node != null ) {
                             if( node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Month" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == month )
                                  return node;
                                  node = node.getNextSibling( );                    
                        return null;
              private Node getDay( Node node ) {
                        node = node.getFirstChild( );
                        while( node != null ) {
                             if( node.getNodeName( ).equals( "Day" ) && String.valueOf( node.getAttributes( ).item( 0 ).getNodeValue( ) ) == day )
                                  return node;
                                  node = node.getNextSibling( );                    
                        return null;
              private void writeXmlFile( ) throws Exception {
                   Source source = new DOMSource( doc );
                        Result result = new StreamResult( file );
                   Transformer xformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance( ).newTransformer( );
                   xformer.setOutputProperty( OutputKeys.INDENT,"yes" );
                   xformer.setOutputProperty( OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM,"Diary.dtd" );
                   xformer.transform( source, result );
              public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) {
                        String IDButton = e.getActionCommand( );
                        String IDYear = year1.getText( );
                        Object IDMonthObj = months.getSelectedItem( );
                        if( e.getSource( ) == fetch ) {
                             String YearText = year1.getText( );
                             int YearNumber = Integer.valueOf( YearText );
                             int MonthsIndex = months.getSelectedIndex( ) + 1;
                             DrawCalendar( MonthsIndex, YearNumber );
                        else if( e.getSource( ) == cancel ) {
                             reminderframe.hide( );
                        else if( e.getSource( ) == save ) {
                             String IDDay = dayno.getText( );
                             String IDMonth = String.valueOf( IDMonthObj );
                             SaveReminder( IDDay, IDYear, IDMonth );
                        else {
                             String IDMonth = String.valueOf( IDMonthObj );
                             Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit( ).beep( );
                             int n = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog( null, "Set reminder on this date?", "Question", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION );
                             if( n == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION ) {
                                  CreateReminder( IDButton, IDYear, IDMonth );
    If you compile it, you will realise that I get an error about exception handling. My lecturer gave me an example code of how to do the same thing without using a GUI:
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    import org.xml.sax.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import org.w3c.dom.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.dom.*;
    import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
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         File file;
         Scanner input;
         int year, month, day;
         String currentYear, currentMonth;
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              System.out.println("2) Read entry");
              System.out.println("3) Show Diary");
              System.out.println("4) Quit");
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                   switch(choice)
                        case 1: GetDate();CreateEntry(doc.getDocumentElement());break;
                        case 2: GetDate();ReadEntry(doc.getDocumentElement());break;
                        case 3: ShowDiary(doc.getDocumentElement());
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                   System.out.println("2) Read entry");
                   System.out.println("3) Show Diary");
                   System.out.println("4) Quit");
                   choice=input.nextInt();
              writeXmlFile();
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              System.out.println("Enter date (dd mm yyyy)");
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              month=input.nextInt();
              year=input.nextInt();
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              node = getYear(node);
              if(node==null) return false;
              node = getMonth(node);
              if(node==null) return false;
              node = getDay(node);
              if(node==null) return false;
              node = node.getFirstChild();
              while(node!=null)
                   System.out.println(node.getNodeValue().trim());     
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              searchNode = getYear(node);
              if(searchNode==null)
                   Element newNode = doc.createElement("Year");
                   searchNode = node.appendChild(newNode);
                   newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(year));
              node = searchNode;
              searchNode = getMonth(node);
              if(searchNode==null)
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                   newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(month));
              node = searchNode;
              searchNode = getDay(node);
              if(searchNode==null)
                   Element newNode = doc.createElement("Day");
                   searchNode = node.appendChild(newNode);
                   newNode.setAttribute("Id",Integer.toString(day));
              node = searchNode;
              System.out.println("Enter Text");
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              entry+=input.nextLine();
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              Stack<Node> stack=new Stack<Node>();
              Node child;
              stack.push(node);
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    Since your question didn't come with any relevant details, and since you have huge steaming piles of irrelevant code, all I can give is a general answer to "Why do I need to catch this exception?"
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  • Archiving cds and why do i need id3 tags

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    excuse my long windedness (i have spent some time editing this entry)

    Crows2012 wrote:
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  • I want to know that if i want to download facebook on my iphone 4 or any other apps then it ask me put my card details for payment. why is that. if they are free then why do i need to give my card details?please help me anyone.

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    Just select no credit card as outlined here:
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            TYPENAME TYPE STRING.
      DATA: LR_COMPONENTCONTROLLER TYPE REF TO IG_COMPONENTCONTROLLER,
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    data lo_view_usage TYPE REF TO if_wd_rr_view_usage.
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    data lo_view type ref to if_wd_view.
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      WD_THIS->M_HANDLER = L_INTF_CONTROLLER->INIT_SELECTION_SCREEN( ).
      WD_THIS->M_HANDLER->SET_GLOBAL_OPTIONS(
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                                  I_DISPLAY_BTN_CHECK   = ABAP_FALSE
                                  I_DISPLAY_BTN_RESET   = ABAP_FALSE
                                  I_DISPLAY_BTN_EXECUTE = ABAP_FALSE ).
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    Hi Marina
    hope you are doing good.
    Globalized firms need Integrated systems with Independent County Legal, Labor, Taxation ,Currency , Language requirements.
    So a Global ERP System will help to achieve this without compromising the local requirements.
    I shared my experience , hope it sound sane.
    Regards
    Rohit.S

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