Why does File sharing require internet?

I have two computers, both on Snow Leopard 10.6.8 connected to my router. If I have my WAN cable unplugged from the router or my Internet is not working, I find that when I try to access one computer from the other for Apple File Sharing (AFP), that the finder "Connect to Server function" just spins after I put in the server address of the other Mac. Plug in the Internet, and all is fine. It seems that somehow the Internet is being required. Why? And how do I fix this?
My TCP/IP settings for each machine for the network interface used are:
Configure IPv4: Using DHCP with manual address
IPv4 Address: 192.168.0.[some number greater than 1]
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Router: 192.168.0.1
Configure IPv6: Off
I am using fixed IP addresses on my LAN rather than DHCP.
Thanks

PROVEN: IT IS NOT MY ROUTER.
Good isolation testing, and component elimination.
In the first post you said you had been using DHCP with Manual IP address. In the router elimination test you did not mention Manual address and I get the impression you just allowed normal DHCP assigned IP addressing. If my interpretation is correct, that is good.
Stupid question, was Airport turned off during your experiments? If it was not, it is always possible that the Macs were trying to use WiFi instead of the Ethernet cables. By default Mac OS X gives priority to Ethernet, however, it is possible that your System Preferences -> Network interface ordering was changed to give Airport a higher preferences over Ethernet. You would use the Gear icon next to the [+][-][*] icons under your list of interfaces to see/set the interface order. Ethernet should be 1st in the list.
I think that when you open System Preferences -> Network, the interface list is displayed with the current active interface highlighted, but I never did a riggerous experiment to prove this.
This should work. So I'm going to suggest, as an experiment, you start by booting each Mac into "Safe Mode". Boot holding the "Shift" key. This will eliminate any 3rd party extensions from loading, just in case there is a bit of 3rd party software that is interfering.
As a diagnostic experiment please get a copy of "Bonjour Browser" and "WakeOnLan". Both of these utilities probe the network and give execellent lists of network devices they find on the local LAN.
<http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/13388/bonjour-browser>
<http://www.macupdate.com/info.php/id/15779/wakeonlan>
You should be able to see the other Mac from the output of each of these utilities. Bonjour Browser should be able to show you they Apple File Sharing services being offered, and you should see both your Macs listed. If not then something is blocking the protocol, or for some reason the Mac is not advertising the service.
If you use Applications -> Utilities -> Network Utility you should be able to find out if port 548 is open on the other computer using the port scan option. It should be, but the question is whether Network Utility can see it through your router.
I have run out of experiments to try. Hopefully this will shake something loose and allow you to move forward towards a solution.

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