Why not use Redo log for consistent read

Oracle 11.1.0.7:
This might be a stupid question.
As I understand if a select was issued at 7:00 AM and the data that select is going to read has changed at 7:10 AM even then Oracle will return the data that existed at 7:00 AM. And for this Oracle needs the data in Undo segments.
My question is since redo also has past and current information why can't redo logs be used to retreive that information? Why is undo required when redo already has all that information.

user628400 wrote:
Thanks. I get that piece but isn't it the same problem with UNDO? It's written as it expires and there is no guranteee until we specifically ask oracle to gurantee the UNDO retention? I guess I am trying to understand that UNDO was created for effeciency purposes so that there is less performance overhead as compared to reading and writing from redo.And this also you said,
>
If data was changed to 100 to 200 wouldn't both the values be there in redo logs. As I understand:
1. Insert row with value 100 at 7:00 AM and commit. 100 will be writen to redo log
2. update row to 200 at 8:00 AM and commit. 200 will be written to redo log
So in essence 100 and 200 both are there in the redo logs and if select was issued at 7:00 data can be read from redo log too. Please correct me if I am understanding it incorrectly.I guess you didnt understand the explaination that I did. Its not the old data that is kept. Its the changed vector of Undo that is kept which is useful to "recover" it when its gone but not useful as such for a select statement. Whereas in an Undo block, the actual value is kept. You must remember that its still a block only which can contain data just like your normal block which may contain a table like EMP. So its not 100,200 but the change vectors of these things which is useful to recover the transaction based on their SCN numbers and would be read in that order as well. And to read the data from Undo, its quite simple for oracle to do so using an Undo block as the transaction table which holds the entry for the transaction, knows where the old data is kept in the Undo Segment. You may have seen XIDSEQ, XIDUSN, XIDSLOT in the tranaction id which are nothing but the information that where the undo data is kept. And to read it, unlke redo, undo plays a good role.
About the expiry of Undo, you must know that only INACTIVE Undo extents are marked for expiry. The Active Extents which are having an ongoing tranaction records, are never marked for it. You can come back after a lifetime and if undo is there, your old data would be kept safe by oracle since its useful for the multiversioning. Undo Retention is to keep the old data after commit, something which you need not to do if you are on 11g and using Total Recall feature!
HTH
Aman....

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