Zero Out Data on a SSD drive: Are my findings correct?

"Note: With OS X Lion and an SSD drive, Secure Erase and Erasing Free Space are not available in Disk Utility. These options are not needed for an SSD drive because a standard erase makes it difficult to recover data from an SSD. For more security, consider turning on FileVault 2 encryption when you start using the SSD drive."
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3680
Seems to hard to believe, as I've seen some of the top participants here clearly say that first your set a new partition, then erase Macintosh HD, then zero out data?

Retired Engineer, do you have any references?  What I have read says otherwise. 
Drive Wear & Tear
What is your estimation of wear and tear on the flash by writing to 0's.  What percentage of the drives total usage has been "wasted"?  I thought even consumer drives where capable of 1000 - 10000 rewrites per cell, whereas enterprise SSDs are capable of over 100,000: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9112065/Solid_state_disk_lackluster_for_l aptops_PCs?taxonomyId=19&pageNumber=1&taxonomyName=Storage.
"For one thing, it matters whether the SSD drive uses SLC or MLC memory. SLC generally endures up to 100,000 write cycles or writes per cell, while MLC can endure anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 writes before it begins to fail, according to Fujitsu's Hagberg. For its part, Western Digital's laptop hard-disk drive boasts up to 600,000 write cycles."
That's an old artcile too.  Slightly newer, in late 2008 Micron/Sun achieved SLC NAND chips capable of over 1,000,000 write cycles: http://investors.micron.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=440650 .  I imagine things have gotten slightly better in the last 4 years.
Data Wiping
This paper (http://static.usenix.org/events/fast11/tech/full_papers/Wei.pdf) states, "In most cases, overwriting the entire disk twice was sufficient to sanitize the disk, regardless of the previous state of the drive."
Going on however, "Overall, the results for overwriting are poor: while overwriting appears to be effective in some cases across a wide range of drives, it is clearly not universally reliable. It seems unlikely that an individual or organization expending the effort to sanitize a device would be satisfied with this level of performance."
The best method I have found for wiping an SSD on a Mac is the (SAFE) Scramble and Finally Erase process as described in this UC San Diego research paper: http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/users/swanson/papers/TR-cs2011-0963-Safe.pdf.
According to their paper, the effectiveness of the procedure is equiavlent to degaussing a magentic drive. Another tidbit, the SAFE technique is replicated by Sandforce controller when someone reformats the drive (as mentioned by Linc Davis above, however, I believe this is specific only to Sandforce controllers).
References:
http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2011/03/erasing_data_fr.html
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9211519/Can_data_stored_on_an_SSD_be_secu red_
http://arstechnica.com/security/2011/03/ask-ars-how-can-i-safely-erase-the-data- from-my-ssd-drive/
http://static.usenix.org/events/fast11/tech/full_papers/Wei.pdf
http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/users/swanson/papers/TR-cs2011-0963-Safe.pdf

Similar Messages

  • Disk Utility - Format Time for 500GB (Zero Out Data)

    Hello.
    Is there one length of time for formatting a hard drive with one pass of Zero Out Data? For instance, does the length of time change depending if you format with zeros using USB2, FW400, FW800, or eSATA?
    *My Format Setup*
    LaCie Rugged 500GB All-Terrain (USB2 & FW400/800)
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    Zero Out Data (One Pass)
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    I'm going to be formatting multiple 500GB and 1TB drives, and I'm wondering if the time I'm experiencing is normal. Therefore, it should take a day to format 1TB with one pass of zeros. Is this correct?
    Thank you for your help! =)
    Message was edited by: Revearti

    It takes a long time to zero out data on a 500GB drive. The larger the drive, the longer it takes. I don't think the connection makes a difference, since each of your listed options are high speed. Never tried it on an external with USB 1.1, so can't give you any real time experience there. But it will take well over an hour to write zeros on every block of a 500GB drive.

  • Hard Drive problems / unable to Zero out Data etc.

    Hallo.
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    SO I took this new disk and installed it to a PC I have and I tested it with Western Digital Datalifeguard diagnostic utility (from Floppy disk). All tests were fine. It also wrote Zeroes to whole disk without problems. Fine. I reinstalled the disk back to my Mac and even before I initialized it in Disk Utility I tried to Scan it's Surface in Tech tool Pro. After a fef minutes it probably freezed , as it is scanning Block 19744512 for ever now - and it found three bad sectors already...
    So what do you think about my situation? Shall I trust the Western Digital diagnostic utility (but on a PC) or should I visit my dealer again?
    PS-I have Tech Tool Pro 4.1.2
    Message was edited by: Diamond Dog

    Something to try:
    Open Disk Utility (Applications > Disk Utility)
    Select your external HD on the left side of the Disk Utility window
    Check the partition map scheme, near the bottom of the Disk Utility window
    If it is not GUID (assuming you have an Intel iMac), consider repartitioning your HD to GUID. The Windows partition scheme on many external HDs. FAT 32, often has problems accepting large data transfers from Mac-partitioned hard drives.

  • Is my hard drive dead (zeroing out data)?

    I tried installing Snow Leopard to no avail (it was progressing, but it was at ~70 percent or so after like 8 hours, so obviously something is wrong). So I put the SL disk back in and decided to format the drive and zero out the data. It's saying "Writing zeros to disk. Estimated time: 4 days, 16 hrs" This is an extremely long time for a 160GB hard drive! I don't hear the hard drive seeking or writing or anything. The progress bar doesn't seem to be moving (although I wouldn't expect to see progress on a 4 day estimated time).
    Does anyone know how to fix this, or am I going to have to end up taking this iMac in to get it's drive replaced?

    Thanks for the reply.
    I wasn't having any obvious problems with the hard drive before hand, except sometimes while downloading files and trying to play a movie off of the hard drive, the movie would lag. I don't know if that really means anything though.
    I've already tried to partition the drive before. The partition went through, but it didn't seem to help the zero out data part.
    Maybe this will help, from the installer log:
    Looking for system packages
    no system packages found
    No or Invalid system receipts found on /Volumes/Macintosh HD
    Attempting fallback using: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/SystemMigration.framework/Resources/FallbackS ystemFiles.plist
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    Writing system path cache.
    Error writing cache to /Volumes/Macintosh HD/Caches/com.apple.FindSystemFiles.plist
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  • Disk Utility: Differences between "Zero Out Data" and "7-Pass Erase"?

    I'm wondering if anyone knows if there's a significant difference between the "Zero Out Data" erase option in Disk Utility (specifically Disk Utility 10.5.5), and the "7-Pass Erase" and "35-Pass Erase" options in same software.
    Here's why I'm asking: I have a co-worker with an iMac G5 20" 1.8GHz with 160GB internal hard drive. As a result of the power supply overheating a week ago due to dust, some hard drive problems resulted. I'm trying to assess whether these are 'soft' formatting problems that can be recovered from, or 'hard' problems requiring replacement of the hard drive and/or power supply.
    Following the failure, I removed the dust and restored the iMac to servicable form. The power supply seems to be OK now. The next thing was to attempt to recover as much data as possible from the 160GB, as the last full backup was a week old. Carbon Copy Cloner, shell copy via 'sudo cp -p -R -v', Finder copy, and DiskWarrior recovery all met with problems. TechTool Pro identified a huge swatch of unreadable sectors during repeated surface scans. Unfortunately, these unreadable sectors were located midway in the OSX boot partition (an 80GB partition), and not in the other 80GB partition devoted to lower priority video data.
    When I was satisfied I had backed up the data to the best of my abilities, I next set out to reformat the drive and see if the bad sectors could be eliminated or remapped out of existence. I did a "Zero Out Data" erasure in Disk Utility (with no errors during the erase), but TechTool Pro showed the bad sectors persisted in equal strength at the same location. I next executed a sixteen hour "7-Pass Erase" (again no errors, and confirming that it takes about an hour per 10GB). The next day when I ran TechTool pro, all of the sector errors had disappeared. I'm a bit perplexed as to why the "7-Pass Erase" seems to have recovered the use of the drive. Is it possible that there are simply thousands of bad sectors now remapped that I'm not seeing? [If so, how do I check for this?] TechTool Pro has not reported any S.M.A.R.T. issues to date on the drive. What am I to make of that?
    There are some related threads I've checked into, but I'm not sure how to properly assess my situation based on this information:
    <http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=232007>
    <http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=138559>
    <http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=118455>
    Since the iMac has three weeks left on it's one year warranty, and I've already moved the user to another machine temporarily, I'm thinking that the smart thing to so is to send it in to Apple to have them look at the power supply and hard drive. That way, when it returns, even if there is still a lingering hardware problem, at least it will be covered under warranty for another 90 days.
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    iMac G5 20" 1.8GHz   Mac OS X (10.4.6)   1.25GB RAM, 160GB hard disk, SuperDrive

    HI, Bret.
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    Technically, one pass with Zero Out Data should be sufficient to map bad sectors out of service, a process also known as sparing. If a bad sector is encountered, it is both marked as "in use" in the directory's allocation table and added to the directory's "bad blocks file."
    My understanding is that the Surface Scan of Tech Tool Pro should identify bad sectors every time it is run unless the bad sectors have been locked out by the drive controller of the ATA drive itself. This is because Surface Scan checks the entire surface of the disk.
    What may have happened is that running "Zero Out Data" spared the bad blocks from a directory standpoint, but did not result in the drive's controller locking out those sectors for reasons detailed in the "Surface Scan" section of the Tech Tool Pro manual. However, the 7-Pass Erase may have resulted in the drive's controller locking out the bad sectors and why Surface Scan did not pick them up after such.
    Given the problems you described, I concur with your plan to have Apple check the affected computer. You might also want to consider purchasing an AppleCare Protection Plan for that Mac: I recommend and buy these for all my Macs.
    For some additional information on bad sectors, see the "Bad Sectors" section of my "Resolving Disk, Permission, and Cache Corruption" FAQ.
    Good luck!
    Dr. Smoke
    Author: Troubleshooting Mac® OS X
    Note: The information provided in the link(s) above is freely available. However, because I own The X Lab™, a commercial Web site to which some of these links point, the Apple Discussions Terms of Use require I include the following disclosure statement with this post:
    I may receive some form of compensation, financial or otherwise, from my recommendation or link.

  • Question about zeroing out data...

    I'm currently zeroing out my Time Capsule's hard drive and starting fresh with backing up. I started doing a 7 pass method the other day, but figured it was overkill and bad on the hard drive, so I stopped it a quarter of the way through pass 2. Does this mean that at least the one full pass was done successfully? Also, to make sure that everything is truly zeroed out, I started a one-time zero out erase. So, does this mean, then, that my TC truly has been zeroed out twice for starting over on my backups?
    And, while we're on the subject, I did some research on zeroing out data. Most people are in agreement that doing one pass is good enough. Apple recommends twice for a fully secure wipe. While researching this, I found that some claim that zeroing out a hard drive during a 7 pass and 35 pass method significantly decreases the lifespan of a hard drive. Is this myth busted or confirmed? Also, is zeroing out data only once already harmful to an HD's lifespan?

    William Boyd, Jr. wrote:
    apple_kmj wrote:
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    I'll leave to others the answering of your questions, but I have one of my own: What are you hoping to accomplish by zeroing out your Time Capsule's drive? I would only consider that useful if I were planning to sell or otherwise dispose of a Time Capsule.
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  • How do I properly zero out or erase the hard drives in my early 2009 Mac Pro 4,1 tower?

    How do I properly zero out or erase the hard drives in my early 2009 Mac Pro 4,1 tower?
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  • How do I zero out data on OSX 3.9?

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  • Disk Utility Zero Out Data option

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  • Help Zeroing Out Data On eMac

    I'm trying to wipe out the hard drive on my folks' old eMac.  I'm going to recycle the computer but it is important that I at least zero out the data and not just erase it superficially. The disk that came with the mac is 10.1.4, so I gues it doesn't have a Zero data option when I try to start fromt the disk.  Sadly my old firewire cable is MIA and I'd rather not have to buy another one just for this. 
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  • Does the "Zero Out Data" feature in Disk Utility map out bad sectors/blocks?

    I would like a definite answer on this one. I have heard that is does and that it doesn't.

    Yes it does.
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    Like anything, others may not require perfection. Regular users with small files all the time likely will lose a file here and there and go about living with it.
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  • Qosmio G30 - SSD drives are not recognized

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  • What SSD Drives are supported on the T420

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    Solved!
    Go to Solution.

    Hello and welcome,
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    The large print: please read the Community Participation Rules before posting. Include as much information as possible: model, machine type, operating system, and a descriptive subject line. Do not include personal information: serial number, telephone number, email address, etc.  The fine print: I do not work for, nor do I speak for Lenovo. Unsolicited private messages will be ignored. ... GeezBlog
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