8 bits vs 32 bits? What are the advantages?

Hi, sorry about his basic question, but, what are the advantages of working in 32 bit mode? Is a broader, deeper color range available?
Apparently some tools only work in 8 bit mode -- so is 8 bit still the typical work environment?
Thanks

This a huge, complicated and confusing subject which cannot be explained in a few lines here:
Trying to take your questions one by one:
32-bit per channel and HDR: This is a procedure where you can combine a number of digital photographs which were taken with differing exposures for the highlights and for the shadows and combine them into a single image in order to retain a wider dynamic range. (The results that I have seen from the use of this technique have mostly been somewhat bizarre and perfectly hideous!).
>For instance, when someone saves their 16-bit ProPhoto RGB image ( a superwide gamut space ), then converts to 8-bit Adobe RGB, and then converts to SWOP CMYK, the additional gamut found in the ProPhoto RGB will be clipped or reduced down to the Adobe RGB gamut.
We need to break that down a bit:
>Saves their 16-bit (per channel) ProPhoto RGB image ( a superwide gamut space ):
Correct.
>Then re-opens [or duplicates], the Saved 16-bit (per channel) ProPhoto RGB image and converts to 8-bit (per channel) Adobe RGB:
That produces an RGB file which has been "clipped" to fit the smaller AdobeRGB space but it is still a 16-bit (per channel) file.
>and then converts to SWOP CMYK:
Now you have CONVERTED your RGB colors to generate printing plates that will produce as close a replica as you can get to your Soft-preview of your (current) AdobeRGB image
when printed on a Press which EXACTLY matches the conditions dictated by the CMYK Profile that you used.
But you still have a 16-bit per Channel file UNTIL you change the Image mode to 8 Bits.
>if you retain the 16-bit ProPhoto RGB and go straight to SWOP CMYK, the color will be clipped to fit inside the SWOP space.
Not exactly: Your RGB image will be mapped to individual C, M, and Y Plates, and a Black plate will be generated (using the attributes of your specified CMYK Profile concerning GCR and Total Ink) in order to give you the best reproduction on Press (when real INK hits PAPER!) of your original RGB image.
But do read more on this subject because it is supremely important that you understand it fully.
I highly recommend Dan Margulis' "Professional Photoshop" for gaining a better understanding of this subject.

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