About literal in PL/SQL

In the following SQL statement, which one is a literal
SELECT 'Employee Name: '| | ename from emp where deptno=10;
A. 10
B. ename
C. Employee Name:
D. | |
null

My understanding of "literal" is a hard-coded data value. Therefore the answer is A) because that is an actual department number.
"Employee Name:" is a string but I don't think it counts as a literal because it is concatenated with the data holder ename.
My tuppenceworth, APC

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A question about the impact of SQL*PLUS SERVEROUTPUT option on v$sql

Hello everybody,
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$version;
BANNER
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL>
OS : Fedora Core 17 (X86_64) Kernel 3.6.6-1.fc17.x86_64I would like to ask a question about the SQL*Plus SET SERVEROUTPUT ON/OFF option and its impact on queries on views such as v$sql and v$session. Here is the problem
Actually I define three variables in SQL*Plus in order to store sid, serial# and prev_sql_id columns from v$session in order to be able to use them later, several times in different other queries, while I'm still working in the current session.
So, here is how I proceed
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON; -- I often activate this option as the first line of almost all of my SQL-PL/SQL script files
SET SQLBLANKLINES ON;
VARIABLE mysid NUMBER
VARIABLE myserial# NUMBER;
VARIABLE saved_sql_id VARCHAR2(13);
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BEGIN
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END;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
-- Just check to see the result
SQL> SELECT :mysid, :myserial# FROM DUAL;
    :MYSID :MYSERIAL#
       129   1067
SQL> Now, let's say that I want to run the following query as the last SQL statement run within my current session
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary >= 2800 AND ROWNUM <= 10;According to Oracle® Database Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2) description for v$session
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25513/dynviews_3016.htm#REFRN30223]
the column prev_sql_id includes the sql_id of the last sql statement executed for the given sid and serial# which in the case of my example, it will be the above mentioned SELECT query on the employees table. As a result, right after the SELECT statement on the employees table I run the following
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END;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT :saved_sql_id FROM DUAL;
:SAVED_SQL_ID
9babjv8yq8ru3
SQL> Having the value of sql_id, I'm supposed to find all information about cursor(s) for my SELECT statement and also its sql_text value in v$sql. Yet here is what I get when I query v$sql upon the stored sql_id
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FROM v$sql
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CHILD_NUMBER   SQL_ID          SQL_TEXT
0              9babjv8yq8ru3    BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINES(:LINES, :NUMLINES); END;Therefore instead of
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary >= 2800 AND ROWNUM <= 10;for the value of sql_text I get the following value
BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINES(:LINES, :NUMLINES);Which is not of course what I was expecting to find in v$sql for the given sql_id.
After a bit googling I found the following thread on the OTN forum where it had been suggested (well I think maybe not exactly for the same problem) to turn off SERVEROUTPUT.
Problem with dbms_xplan.display_cursor
This was precisely what I did
SET SERVEROUTPUT OFFafter that I repeated the whole procedure and this time everything worked pretty well as expected. I checked SQL*Plus documentation for SERVEROUTPUT
and also v$session page, yet I didn't find anything indicating that SERVEROUTPUT should be switched off whenever views such as v$sql, v$session
are queired. I don't really understand the link in terms of impact that one can have on the other or better to say rather, why there is an impact
Could anyone kindly make some clarification?
thanks in advance,
Regards,
Dariyoosh

>
and also v$session page, yet I didn't find anything indicating that SERVEROUTPUT should be switched off whenever views such as v$sql, v$session
are queired. I don't really understand the link in terms of impact that one can have on the other or better to say rather, why there is an impact
Hi Dariyoosh,
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON has the effect of executing dbms_output.get_lines after each and every statement. Not only related to system view.
Here below what Tom Kyte is explaining in this page:
Now, sqlplus sees this functionality and says "hey, would not it be nice for me to dump this buffer to screen for the user?". So, they added the SQLPlus command "set serveroutput on" which does two things
1) it tells SQLPLUS you would like it <b>to execute dbms_output.get_lines after each and every statement</b>. You would like it to do this network rounding after each call. You would like this extra overhead to take place (think of an install script with hundreds/thousands of statements to be executed -- perhaps, just perhaps you don't want this extra call after every call)
2) SQLPLUS automatically calls the dbms_output API "enable" to turn on the buffering that happens in the package.Regards.
Al

Literal arrays 'in' SQL clauses

Hi All,
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Hi Lilach,
Sure you tried this, but are you doing this with Dynamic SQL? If you use the code below, be sure to make sure the SQL in quotes runs ok from Squirrel or Toad. If your tables / columns have underscore characters, make sure this is included in the SQL. Change the name of the "extResource" variable to match the string you used when exposing the database in Studio.
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I have successfully installed Oracle SQL Developer.Also I have got a book on Oracle SQL Developer by Dan Hotka.
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What errors?
How about going through the tutorial inside the online help (Help - Table of Contents - Tutorial)?
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Question about B1if-Database in SQL-Mgmt-Studio

Hello,
We have made some changes in the configuration in SLD.
We made some more Di-Proxy-Ports and then made Proxygroups for the Databases.
Nearly every half hour, in SQL-Mgmt Studio we can see this "task" ?
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Passing the exam and becoming certified are not a matter of simply reading a book or taking a training class. While books and classroom materials as well as in-class training are all important steps in preparing for an exam, experience and research are just as important. I cannot tell you that there are 53 questions on the exam and every single question maps directly back to page 13, paragraph 3 in XX book. However, If you have the classroom material, and you have the list of exam topics, you should be able to find most of the information you need. In some cases, if you are not completely familiar with a specific topic, or you don't feel like the information in the book gives you all the information you need, you may need to do a little additional research. This is all part of preparing for an exam. This process is what makes you successful as a certified professional.
Your focus seems to be solely on the course materials that you have and what volumes and chapters you should read. I'm trying to give you a different perspective - preparing for an exam is not necessarily about taking one course or reading one book and being ready. You need to review the exam topics and be sure that you are familiar with each topic.
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Hi All,
I am asking very silly question, some one asked to me how to optimize pl/sql procedure or function.i had explained all the things for optimization of the sql query or we can put the pl/sql subprogram into package.
But from the face expression of the person,i think he wants more from my side,but really i did not know any thing except of these things.
I want to know ideas of the experts on this issue.
Thanks a lot

If by optimization that person was asking about techniques then there are a few general rules. Keeping in mind that general rules are starting points and require validation is every specific case.
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2. Never use single-row processing when you can process a set
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BEGIN
INSERT INTO t1
SELECT * FRM t2;
COMMIT;
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The second interpretation of the question would be how does one determine the efficiency of PL/SQL and for that I would refer you to the built-in DBMS_PROFILER (10g and before) and DBMS_HPROF (11g) packages.
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Asking about the most simplest SQL technique

select table1.field1,table1.field2
from table1, table2
where table2.category = 'A' and
table1.pk = table2.fk
=========================================
If table1 contains 500 records while table2 contain 400,000 records, then table2 should be placed to the most righthand side ?
If table2 has 1000 category 'A' record while
table2 has 80,000 records contain the pk of table1, then table1.pk = table2.fk should be placed on the most lower part in the where clause ?

It used to be the case that you had to consider these issues with some DBMS's, but generally not any more.
Sophisticated systems like Oracle can maintain sets of statistics on tables, and on the distribution of values within fields. If the DBA chooses to, he can run commands to make Oracle analyze individual tables and columns, and the statistics produced will be considered when choosing an access path for the data.
So, the database will know how many records are in the tables in your example query, and roughly how many category 'A' records are in table2 etc.. It will also know whether there are indexes on the columns, and will work out roughly how many bytes must be read to return the result depending on whether the indexes are used, which table is scanned first, and what join technique should be used.
Look in the Oracle documentation for the description of the ANALYZE command, the SQL*Plus command "set autotrace traceonly explain", and in the section on performance have a read of everything to do with the optimizer. It's an important area to know more about if you want to get the most out of Oracle, and is quite an eye-opener if you are moving to Oracle (or any complex RDBMS) frm simpler products (Foxpro, Access etc). Good luck.

Ask about an Error in SQL 2014

Hi all,
I got an error in SSIS package when I upgraded from Sql server 2008 to 2014 as below
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||MediaTypeID|||||MediaTypeCode||
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Thanks all.

Hi khoana,
Based on my research, the issue is caused by the Column Delimiter gets first preference and then Text Qualifier. So the values would be parsed as 10 columns based on the Column Delimiter, lack of Text Qualifier cause the issue. This is by design in SQL Server
2014.
Personally, I recommend you that submit the requirement at
https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/. If the requirement mentioned by customers for many times, the product team may consider to add this feature in the next SQL Server version. Your feedback is valuable for us to improve our products and increase
the level of service provided.
Thanks,
Katherine Xiong
Katherine Xiong
TechNet Community Support

About cluster table in sql server or SAP

Hello Gurus,
we have a cluster table "KONV" in our sql server 2008 , is that feature for cluster table native feature in sql server or in sap?
because some professonal said there is no concept for cluster table in sql server just like oracle database. so please help me for
clarification.
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I agree, this is ABAP Dictionary specific way of data encapulation, not the DB type dependant one. Basically it stores the data in RAW or LRAW format.
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Regards
Marcin

Question about using objects in SQL query.

I had posted this question in the SQL/PLSQL forum but I guess nobody took the time to understand exactly what I am asking so I decided to try here hoping to get the answer. So here is the thing:
I have created generic object type "tree" - the constructor takes as a parameter sql query which returns "node_id" and "parent_node_id" - this is all we need to have a tree. The object has all related to a tree structure member functions and one of them is "oldest_relative" (the tree may not be fully connected - it may be more like a set of many trees, so it's not necessary all nodes to have the same root).
I also have departments table with the following fields: department_id, parent_department_id, department_name,...
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The table only has a few hunderd records and I can't see much of a difference in the execution time btw the query above and query like this:
SELECT "DEPARTMENT_ID", "PARENT_DEPARTMENT_ID", "DEPARTMENT_NAME", b.t.oldest_relative("DEPARTMENT_ID") "DIVISION_ID"
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where the object is clearly created just ones. (there is probably a better way to do it instead of this join)
Pls elaborate
George

Not exactly sure what the question is...
As I understand, you are comparing the following two constructor calls:
+select.. tree('select department_id "node_id", parent_department_id "parent_node_id" from departments').oldest_relative("DEPARTMENT_ID") ... FROM ...+
+select tree('select department_id "node_id", parent_department_id "parent_node_id" from departments') ... FROM dual+
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However, I'm having a hard time understanding why the class and constructor are at all needed. Why pull data from a SQL table into PL memory? As that is where the class will need to cache and store the results of that construction parameter SQL SELECT. And once in PL memory, how does the object effectively access, search and use this cached data?
PL memory is expensive. It is not sharable.
PL data structures are primitive - these cannot be compared to SQL structures in the form of tables and columns that can be stored in a number of physical ways (index tables, hash tables, partitioned tables, clustered tables, etc). Cannot be indexed like SQL structures using B+tree, bitmap, function and other indexing methods. Cannot be sorted, grouped, analysed, filtered, etc like SQL structured data.
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Hi eveyone,
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Another question about using objects in SQL queries

Hi gurus, I need your thoughts on this:
I have created generic object type "tree" - the constructor takes as a parameter sql query returning "node_id" and "parent_node_id". As a tree - the object has all related to a tree structure member functions and one of them is "oldest_relative" (the tree may not be fully connected - it may be more like a set of many trees, so it's not necessary all nodes to have the same root).
I also have departments table with the following fields: department_id, parent_department_id, department_name,...
all records in the table w/out parent_departments (parent_department_id is null) are considered divisions.
Now if I run the following query:
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my question is: Is the tree object created for every row or does Oracle somehow caches the object since the object itself is not changing but only the parameter for the oldest_relative member function.
The table only has a few hunderd records and I can't see much of a difference in the execution time btw the query above and query like this:
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where the object is clearly created just ones. (there is probably a better way to do it instead of this join)
Pls elaborate
George

Hi, TREE is not a function but PL/SQL object type I have written representing tree structure. The Oracle version is 10g.

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You mean "What is an Oracle Metalink?"
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Dear Samson,
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About literal in PL/SQL

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