Accessing inner classes

I am making a simple drawing program where the user can draw with the mouse on a jpanel.
i have my program structure with one big class and two inner classes
the first inner class creates the panel you can draw on and the mouselistener events to allow a user to draw.
the second class creates another jpanel that allows you to make a color with the three properties red,green and blue. it also has two buttons. one to set the forground(the color you will draw with) and the other to set the background.
I can get the forground one to work because i set the color created to a varible and sense there are mouse listners everytime the mouse listener executes it can grab that varible and set the color of the line be drawn.
my problem is with the background, i can't figure out how to access my first inner class from my second inner class to change the panels background to corspond with the user.
is there some listener i can apply or a way to change the properties of one inner classes objects from another inner class???
please help

I dont knoew if I understand your problem exactly- but if you are wanting to access the first inner class from the second inner class- you can go through the outer class like so:
public class InnerOuter {
  public InnerOuter() {
  public void test(String s) {
    Inner i = new Inner();
    i.setBackground(s);
  class Inner{
    public String B="inner";
    public void setBackground(String s){
      //do something
  class Inner2{
    public String C="inner2";
    public void setBack2(){
      InnerOuter.this.test("red");
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    InnerOuter innerOuter1 = new InnerOuter();

Similar Messages

  • Outer Class Accessing Inner Classes Variables

    Hi Everyone,
    Should an outer class directly access the private member variables of its inner class? Or should it get their values by calling an appropriate 'getXXX()' method?
    Just wondering.
    Thx.

    If the outer class trys to access the variable that is declared in the inner class with in a class and outside the method, then it can access in the following example
    class outer
         private int x=10;
         class inner
              int y=20;
         public void getOutput()
              inner in=new inner();
              System.out.println("The value of y is" +in.y);
         public static void main(String args[])
              outer out=new outer();
              out.getOutput();
    };

  • Accessing inner Classes.. how?

    I'm reading the Java API and there is an Interface class named DocumentEvent that has an inner class named DocumentEvent.ElementChange..
    Since all is well with adding a DocumentListener (as per the API) for DocumentEvents, how is it possible to access the inner class' method? Do I need to implement another interface i.e. ElementChange and then write out all the methods?? What I really want is to use a method from DocumentEvent - getChange( Element elem) but this one relates to the inner class somehow.. can anyone answer this?
    Thanks so much!!!

    For example, in the caller
      A a = new A();
      (a.new B()).mm();for the method mm() in the inner class B of the class A.
    class A{
    class B{
      void mm(){
        System.out.println(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
    }

  • Doubt in Inner class

    hi ,
    i have a doubt. How we can access a Inner class name by the outer class name using the Dot(.) operator .
    For example if we want to refer to the Inner class in some other class
    then we must say "OuterClass.InnerClass".
    This type of syntex is ment for the static methods in a class.
    Thus can we assume that Inner class is also a type of static member.
    If not then please explain the syntex.
    i am also not getting the way we create object of the Inner class object in some other class . (i mean to say the logic behind the syntex)
    i.e
    OuterClass Ob1=new OuterClass();
    OuterClass.InnerClass InnOb=Ob1.new InnerClass();
    Cna any one please help me out.
    Regards
    Arunabh

    Hi,
    Inner classes are used to create some functionality in terms of OO way. Like you want to have event handling which will work only for designated GUI classes, then we can make use of Innner class.
    Within a outer classes we do not require any reference of outer object BUT, if you want to access Inner class object outside the class then only we need a reference of Outer object so that we instantitate Inner class object.
    thanks,
    Sandeep

  • How to access var in outter class inside inner class

    I've problem with this, how to access var number1 and number2 at outter class inside inner class? what statement do i have to use to access it ? i tried with " int number1 = Kalkulator1.this.number1; " but there no value at class option var y when the program was running...
    import java.io.*;
    public class Kalkulator1{
    int number1,number2,x;
    /* The short way to create instance object for input console*/
    private static BufferedReader stdin =
    new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( System.in ) );
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {
    System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    System.out.println("Kalkulator Sayur by Cumi ");
    System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    System.out.println("Tentukan jenis operasi bilangan [0-4] ");
    System.out.println(" 1. Penjumlahan ");
    System.out.println(" 2. Pengurangan ");
    System.out.println(" 3. Perkalian ");
    System.out.println(" 4. Pembagian ");
    System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
    System.out.print(" Masukan jenis operasi : ");
    String ops = stdin.readLine();
         int numberops = Integer.parseInt( ops );
    System.out.print("Masukan Bilangan ke-1 : ");
    String input1 = stdin.readLine();
    int number1 = Integer.parseInt( input1 );
    System.out.print("Masukan Bilangan ke-2 : ");
    String input2 = stdin.readLine();
    int number2 = Integer.parseInt( input2 );     
         Kalkulator1 op = new Kalkulator1();
    Kalkulator1.option b = op.new option();
         b.pilihan(numberops);
    System.out.println("Bilangan yang dimasukkan adalah = " + number1 +" dan "+ number2 );
    class option{
    int x,y;
         int number1 = Kalkulator1.this.number1;
         int number2 = Kalkulator1.this.number2;
    void pilihan(int x) {
    if (x == 1)
    {System.out.println("Operasi yang digunakan adalah Penjumlahan");
            int y = (number1+number2);
            System.out.println("Hasil dari operasi adalah = " + y);}
    else
    {if (x == 2) {System.out.println("Operasi yang digunakan adalah Pengurangan");
             int y = (number1-number2);
             System.out.println("Hasil dari operasi adalah = " + y);}
    else
    {if (x == 3) {System.out.println("Operasi yang digunakan adalah Perkalian");
             int y = (number1*number2);
             System.out.println("Hasil dari operasi adalah = " + y);}
    else
    {if (x == 4) {System.out.println("Operasi yang digunakan adalah Pembagian ");
             int y = (number1/number2);
             System.out.println("Hasil dari operasi adalah =" + y);}
    else {System.out.println( "Operasi yang digunakan adalah Pembagian ");
    }

    Delete the variables number1 and number2 from your inner class. Your inner class can access the variables in the outer class directly. Unless you need the inner and outer class variables to hold different values then you can give them different names.
    In future place code tags around your code to make it retain formatting. Highlight code and click code button.

  • Why only final variables can be accessed in an inner class ?

    Variables declared in a method need to declared as final if they are to be accessed in an inner class which resides in that method. My question is...
    1. Why should i declare them as final ? What's the reason?
    2. If i declare them as final, could they be modified in inner class ? since final variables should not modify their value.

    (Got an error posting this, so I hope we don't end up with two...)
    But what if i want to change the final local variable within that method instead of within anonymous class.You can't. You can't change the value of a final variable.
    Should i use same thing like having another local variable as part of method and initializing it with the final local variable?You could do. But as in the first example I posted you are changing the value of the nonfinal variable not the final one. Because final variables can't be changed.
    If so, don't you think it is redundant to have so many local variables for so many final local variables just to change them within that method?If you are worried that a variable might be redundant, don't create it. If you must create it to meet some need then it's not redundant.
    Or is there any alternate way?Any alternate way to do what?

  • Accessing method in an inner class

    I have a class, which has an Inner Class, which is an extension of AbstractTableModel. The extended TableModel class has a new method, so it looks something like this;
    public class TheOuterClass
        JTable aTable
        TableModel theTableModel
        public initTable
             theTableModel = new MyTableModel();
         public TableModel getModel()
             return theTableModel;
         private class MyTableModel extends AbstractTableModel
                public void myTableModelMethod()
    }So, the idea here is that I have a class that has a table referenced by 'aTable', which uses MyTableModel as the class for it's table model. I have only implemented the basics here. The class also has a method called getModel(), so from a reference to 'TheOuterClass', I can access the table model.
    Now, say I have a reference to TheOuterClass called toc, and I want to access my new method in the table model;
    toc.getModel().myTableModelMethod()The above won't work, because getModel() returns a type of TableModel.
    My question then is how do I cast this to the correct type, so I can access the method 'myTableMethod()'?
    Is for example, the following a legal possibility, because I cannot seem to make it work;
    (toc.getModel().getClass())(toc.getModel()).myTableMethod();The quick fix, I guess is to correct getModel in TheOuterClass, so it returns the correct type, but I am hoping to not do this. (This is part of a larger piece of code obviously, and TheOuterClass is in reality a bean, and I don't wnat to disturb anymore than I have to).
    Any suggestions / ideas would be gratefully appreciated

    You are of course both correct, the class is private, should have spotted that! Doh. Also correct in that this is 'not the most elegant design', but you know the way it is you have to work with what you are given.
    So, I changed the class to public....
    What I had hoped is that the following would work
    ((toc.getModel().getClass())(toc.getModel())).myTableMethod()get a reference to the table model
    (toc.getModel())cast it to the correct type (not sure if this is a valid way to cast??)
    ((toc.getModel().getClass())(toc.getModel()))then call the method.
    This does not compile, it complains about a missing ')', and I'm sure they are all there. My question here then is, Is this a valid way to cast, now that the inner class is public?
    As to why I want to do this, then some explanation is required;
    The table model holds a Vector with all the data in it, some which is not actually in the table (it was originally written this way). My additional method myTableMethod() is intended to help access the data that is not shown in the table.
    Coming back to kajbj's point of creating an interface, I presume what is being suggested is that I create a public interface with the myTableMethod() in it, and make myTableModel implement this interface. Since the interface is public, then I can cast to that. Is this what you meant?
    Thanks for your help so far

  • Inner Classes Changing Access Rights Of Parent  Members

    I read that if you access a parent class's private memebers or methods from within an inner class, those members of methods will automatically and silently be converted to having package access. This seems dangerous and I'd like to know how I could design around it.
    Here is my current dilemma. I have an EventHandler class whose handleEvent() method changes with the object's state. I've implemented this using the Strategy Pattern, where the Strategy objects are inner classes of EventHandler. The problem is that these Strategy objects need access to certain private members and methods of their parent. There is no reason, however, to give package access to these members and methods. What can I do? Or does this suggest that I need a design change? Other than this issue, though, I'm quite happy with the design.
    Thanks for any thoughts,
    John

    When inner classes access private fields or methods, the compiler generates new package-private methods
    with names like "access$000":
    import java.lang.reflect.*;
    public class X {
        private void x() {}
        class Y {
            public void y() {
                x();
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Method[] methods = X.class.getDeclaredMethods();
            for(int i=0; i<methods.length; ++i)
                System.out.println(methods.getName());
    So it's not correct that the access to fields or methods is changed, just that additional methods are added.
    Unless you're in the habit of writing method names that contain '$', I think it's unlikely that you'll directly call
    these new methods, and if you do, it should be easy to spot!

  • Why eclipse gives me warning if I access in inner class a parent  field ?

    I have a class
    class A{
    private Map fValues;
    A(){
    fValues= new HashMap();
    prrotected class B {
    B(){
    fValues.get("String");
    Above class is only for an example to expalin my problem.
    Inner class B wants to access fValues from class A .
    The eclipse gives me a warning
    Access to enclosing method fValues from the type A is emulated by a synthetic accessor method. Increasing its visibility will improve your performance
         I order to get rid of this warning I must make fValues public is this the only solution ?
    miro

    miro_connect wrote:
    I have a class
    class A{
    private Map fValues;
    A(){
    fValues= new HashMap();
    prrotected class B {
    B(){
    fValues.get("String");
    Above class is only for an example to expalin my problem.
    Inner class B wants to access fValues from class A .
    The eclipse gives me a warning
    Access to enclosing method fValues from the type A is emulated by a synthetic accessor method. Increasing its visibility will improve your performance
         I order to get rid of this warning I must make fValues public is this the only solution ?
    miroWhat happens if you remove the modifier? (That is uses default)

  • Accessing Enclosing Class Members From Inner Class Subclass

    I have the following scenario that I cannot get to work. Notice the comments in B.doWork() for the problem code. In B.doWork(), how do I access m_strA?
    * A.java
    * Created on July 5, 2002, 2:20 PM
    package Projects.InnerTrouble.Files;
    public class A {
         public abstract class InnerA {
              public abstract void doWork ();
         public String m_strA;
         /** Creates new A */
         public A ()
                   new InnerA() {
                             public void doWork ()
                                       System.out.println("A$InnerA$1's doWork() called!");
                                       m_strA = "Annonymous subclass of InnerA's doWork did this";
                        }.doWork();
         * @param args the command line arguments
         public static void main (String args[])
                   A oTemp = new A();
                   System.out.println(oTemp.m_strA);
                   B.getB(oTemp).doWork();
                   System.out.println(oTemp.m_strA);
    class B extends A.InnerA {
         public B (A a)
                   a.super();
         public void doWork ()
                   System.out.println("B's doWork() called!");
                   // How do I access m_strA within B's doWork() method?  The following is what I would expect to be the answer, but it does not compile
                   // A.this.m_strA = "B's doWork did this";
         private static A.InnerA sm_oInnerA;
         public static A.InnerA getB (A a)
                   if (sm_oInnerA == null)
                        sm_oInnerA = new B(a);
                   return (sm_oInnerA);

    The whole point is that B is not an inner class of A
    so it does not have access to A's member variables.
    Eventhough B extends an inner class of A, that does
    not make B an inner class of A. That is in the JLS,
    but not so elegantly as I have put it, hehe.
    If B were an innerclass of InnerA, then it would
    qualify to access A's member variables.OK, I think that you are finally getting through to my thick skull on this one. Let me restate and get your check-off on my understanding of the situation.
    The only classes with access to A's this reference are A and inner classes of A that are found within the definition of A. So, despite the fact that A and B are in the same package (and B should have access to A's non-private members because B and A are in the same package), and despite the fact that we would normally state that B "is a" InnerA (which is an inner class of A and would have access to a reference to the A.this reference), B is not allowed access to A.this (because B "is not really a" InnerA in the same way that the anonymous implementation of InnerA "is a" InnerA). However, nothing would prevent me from giving B access to a reference of the enclosing A as long as it was done via a method of InnerA, and as long as the implementation of that method is contained in A's implementation.
    Does this "access" rule realy make sense? Are you aware of the justification for this rule? Or is the justification stated in the JLS? I would think that the compiler ought to be able to figure this kind of thing out and allow it. It seems to me the fact that I defined B in the way that I did, and the fact that B "is a" InnerA, implies that I desired a fairly tight relationship to A. In fact, I desired the exact relationship that exists for the anonymous implementation of InnerA.
    The following is a modified version of my original example that runs as I originally wanted it to, but works around the access rules discussed on this forum thread:
    * A.java
    * Created on July 5, 2002, 2:20 PM
    package Projects.InnerTrouble.Files;
    public class A {
         public abstract class InnerA {
              public abstract void doWork ();
              /** added to allow implementors of InnerA that are not enclosed in A's class definition to have access to the enclosing class */
              public A myEnclosingInstance ()
                        return (A.this);
         public String m_strA;
         /** Creates new A */
         public A ()
                   new InnerA() {
                             public void doWork ()
                                       System.out.println("A$InnerA$1's doWork() called!");
                                       m_strA = "Annonymous subclass of InnerA's doWork did this";
                        }.doWork();
         * @param args the command line arguments
         public static void main (String args[])
                   A oTemp = new A();
                   System.out.println(oTemp.m_strA);
                   B.getB(oTemp).doWork();
                   System.out.println(oTemp.m_strA);
    class B extends A.InnerA {
         public B (A a)
                   a.super();
         public void doWork ()
                   System.out.println("B's doWork() called!");
                   // The following is what I would expect to be the answer, but it does not compile
                   // A.this.m_strA = "B's doWork did this";
                   // added myEnclosingInstance() to get functionality desired above
                   myEnclosingInstance().m_strA = "B's doWork did this";
         private static A.InnerA sm_oInnerA;
         public static A.InnerA getB (A a)
                   if (sm_oInnerA == null)
                        sm_oInnerA = new B(a);
                   return (sm_oInnerA);
    }

  • Accessing member variable within an anonymous inner class

    I'm getting a compiler error with the following snippet which resides in a constructor (error below):
            final String fullNamesArr[] = new String[ lafsArr.length ];
            String lafNamesArr[] = new String[ lafsArr.length ];
            JMenuItem namesMenuItemArr[] = new JMenuItem[ lafsArr.length ];
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < lafsArr.length ; i++ )
                StringTokenizer tokenizer;
                fullNamesArr[ i ] = lafsArr[ i ].getClassName();
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer( fullNamesArr[ i ] );
                while ( tokenizer.hasMoreTokens() )
                    lafNamesArr[ i ] = tokenizer.nextToken( "." );
                namesMenuItemArr[ i ] = new JMenuItem( lafNamesArr[ i ] );
                lafMenu.add( namesMenuItemArr[ i ] );
                namesMenuItemArr[ i ].addActionListener(new ActionListener()
                        public final void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e)
                            String actionCommand = e.getActionCommand();
                            int iCount = 0;
                            for ( int index = 0 ; index < fullNamesArr.length ; index++ )
                                if ( fullNamesArr[ index ].contains( actionCommand ))
                                    iCount = index;
                                    break;
                            System.out.println( "Setting LAF to '" +
                                                fullNamesArr[ iCount ] + "'" );
                            try
                                UIManager.setLookAndFeel( fullNamesArr[ iCount ] );
                            catch ( UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ulafe )
                                System.out.println( fullNamesArr[ iCount ] +
                                                    " : Not a valid LAF class." );
                            catch ( ClassNotFoundException cnfe )
                                System.out.println( fullNamesArr[ iCount ] +
                                                    " : Class not found." );
                            catch ( InstantiationException ie )
                                System.out.println( fullNamesArr[ iCount ] +
                                                    " : Can't instantiate class." );
                            catch ( IllegalAccessException iae )
                                System.out.println( fullNamesArr[ iCount ] +
                                                    " : Illegal access." );
    DBBuilder.java:1280: cannot resolve symbol
    symbol : method contains (java.lang.String)
    location: class java.lang.String
    if ( fullNamesArr[ index ].contains( actionCommand ))
    ^
    1 error
    BUILD FAILED
    My question: Why can I access fullNamesArr in other spots in the anon-inner class,but not with the String.contains() method? BTW, the carrot is under the left bracket '['.
    TIA,
    Jeff

    My question: Why can I access fullNamesArr in other
    spots in the anon-inner class,but not with the
    String.contains() method? BTW, the carrot is under
    the left bracket '['.You're misinterpreting the message. The problem is not your variable fullNamesArr, but rather the method contains(java.lang.String). Since that method was only added in Java 5 (aka 1.5) you might look if you're compiling with JDK 1.4 or earlier.

  • Local variable can't be accessed from inner class ???????? Why ??????

    Plesae help, help, help. I have no idea what to do with this bug.........
    <code>
    for ( int i = 0; i <= 2; i++ ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j <= 2; j++ ) {
    grids[i][j] = new MyButton ();
    grids[i][j].setBorder(but);
    getContentPane().add(grids[i][j]);
    MyButton sub = grids[i][j];
    sub.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    if ( sub.getState() == 0 ) {
         sub = new MyButton( (Icon) new ImageIcon(imageFile));
         if ( imageFile.equals("cross.jpg") ) {
              sub.changeState(1);
         else {
              sub.changeState(2);
    </code>
    The compiler complains that "sub" is in the inner class, which is the ActionListener class, must be declared final. Please tell me what to do with it. I want to add an ActionListener to each MyButton Object in the array. Thanks ......

    OK, now I changed my code to this :
    for ( int i = 0; i <= 2; i++ ) {
      for ( int j = 0; j <= 2; j++ ) {
        grids[i][j] = new MyButton ();
        grids[i][j].setBorder(but);
        getContentPane().add(grids[i][j]);
        grids[i][j].addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if ( grids[i][j].getState() == 0 ) {
               grids[i][j] = new MyButton( (Icon) new ImageIcon(imageFile));
              if ( imageFile.equals("cross.jpg") ) {
               grids[i][j].changeState(1);
              else {
              grids[i][j].changeState(2);
    [/cpde]
    Thanks for your advice !!!!!!
    Now the compiler says that i and j are local variables accessed from inner classes, needs to be declared final. How can I solve this then ???

  • Inner classes can't access parent classes in constructor

    I'm having a problem where I have class A, which has an Inner class B, which has it's own inner class C. In C's constructor (the inner most class), i'm trying to access a method of A (the top most class), and I get a NullPointerException with trace:
    at mearns.finance.DefaultPortfolio.access$0(DefaultPortfolio.java:1)
    at mearns.finance.DefaultPortfolio$AccountsEditor$AccountsTableModel.<init>(DefaultPortfolio.java:253)
    In this case "DefaultPortfolio" is class A, AccountsEditor is class B, and AccountsTableModel is class C. The line given in the second stack trace element is the line in C's constructor which calls Class A's method.
    Debugging, I stop inside C's constructor. Before anything happens, debugger says this$1 is null. Then I step, and it calls super(), and now this$1 is an instance of class B (AccountEditor), but it's own this$1 (which should be an instance of class A) is still null.
    I'm calling C's constructor from within B's constructor (but not A's), not sure if that makes a difference.
    Can anyone explain what's going on here, and (hopefully) how I can work around it?
    Thanks for any help.
    When i debug

    hm, I really don't know what is happening but I want to tell you about something that is not nice in your code and possibly it could cause the error.
    Code behaves somwhat strange when you pass this out of a constructor. You do this implicitly when you create an inner classe which implicitly gets a reference to the outer class. Also just simple method calls can cause such effects.
    This is because the construction process it not finished but methods are already called.
    Even worse: the sub classes constructor possibly did not even start. Special to java is the fact that a method call can lead to an overridden method of a sub class who's constructors has not even passed the super() command.
    My guess now is that you have that some kind of this situation in your code. You create an inner class in a constructor. That inner class calls back a method on the outer class. Now say that the method you are calling is defined in a sub class who's constructor still stucks in super() call. There we are.
    I found a thread in a news group that covers exactly this problem:
    It is therefore a good idea only to call private methods from constructors (that should then also call only private methods). Also if inner classes are created in the constructor then they should not call any non trivial / non private methods of the outer class. Calling overridden methods out of constructors should be avoided strictly!
    Perhaps this has nothing to do with your problem. I cannot tell for sure.
    But this sounds quite interesting.
    Please tell me if my guess was right and if not post simple code the illustrated your problem.
    Here a simple example also throwing NullPointerException:
    class Outer {
      int i = 42;
      abstract class InnerSuper {
        InnerSuper() {
          foo();
        abstract void foo();
      class InnerSub extends InnerSuper {
        void foo() {
          System.out.println(i);
      public void bar() {
        new InnerSub();
      public static void main(String[] args) {
        Outer o = new Outer();
        o.bar();
    } It causes a NullPointerException because the InnerSub constructor did not run. I copied the example from a news group thread i found.
    http://groups.google.de/group/comp.lang.java.programmer/browse_thread/thread/897fba792d689b29/a1ba2ed708636a30?q=inner+class+outer+this+reference+NullPointerException&rnum=4&hl=de#a1ba2ed708636a30
    Here is a even simpler example of strange behavior - even without NullPointerExceptions.
    class A {
         A() {
              System.out.println(getName());
         String getName() {
              return "A";
    class B extends A {
         String NAME = "B";
         String getName() {
              return NAME;
    new B();It will output null instead of B.
    regards
    Sven

  • How to access private method of an inner class using reflection.

    Can somebody tell me that how can i access private method of an inner class using reflection.
    There is a scenario like
    class A
    class B
    private fun() {
    now i want to use method fun() of an inner class inside third class i.e "class c".
    Can i use reflection in someway to access this private method fun() in class c.

    I suppose for unit tests, there could be cases when you need to access private methods that you don't want your real code to access.
    Reflection with inner classes can be tricky. I tried getting the constructor, but it kept failing until I saw that even though the default constructor is a no-arg, for inner classes that aren't static, apparently the constructor for the inner class itself takes an instance of the outer class as a param.
    So here's what it looks like:
            //list of inner classes, if any
            Class[] classlist = A.class.getDeclaredClasses();
            A outer = new A();
            try {
                for (int i =0; i < classlist.length; i++){
                    if (! classlist.getSimpleName().equals("B")){
    //skip other classes
    continue;
    //this is what I mention above.
    Constructor constr = classlist[i].getDeclaredConstructor(A.class);
    constr.setAccessible(true);
    Object inner = constr.newInstance(outer);
    Method meth = classlist[i].getDeclaredMethod("testMethod");
    meth.setAccessible(true);
    //the actual method call
    meth.invoke(inner);
    } catch (Exception e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
    Good luck, and if you find yourself relying on this too much, it might mean a code redesign.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  • Inner class inside a method - how does it access method's local variable?

    hello All:
    I've learnt that, an inner class, if defined inside a method, it can access the method's local variables, only when they are defined as "final".
    Anyone can help explain the rationale behind it?
    Thanks a lot!
    Sway

    fathomBoat wrote:
    In java, everything is about pass-by-reference.
    Wrong! Nothing in Java is ever pass-by-reference.
    Java uses pass-by-value everywhere.
    It makes sense to me if the reason of enforcing a variable to be "final" is to prevent it being messed up.No, the reason is that a copy is made and if the variable weren't final then it could change later on and the developer could be confused because his inner class didn't "see" that change.
    The variable being final prevents that scenario.
    However, if a copy of the variable is made inside the inner class, i dont see how possible it could affect variables outside of class?Such a copy is made, but the language designers wanted to hide that fact from the developer. By forcing all accessed variables to be declared final the developer has no way to realize that he's actually working on a copy.

Maybe you are looking for