Classful and classless routing
hi,
could someone explain to me the functioning of classful and classless routing with this scenario:
router A's routing table contains subnets of 10.0.0.0 and a default route. a packet with destination IP address 192.1.1.1 arrives at its interface.
according to whether classful or classless routing is used, what happens to this packet?
wassim
Given the scenario that you describe where the routing table has subnets of 10.0.0.0 and has a default route then the routing decision for a packet with destination 192.1.1.1 is exactly the same no matter whether it is classful routing or classless routing. In either case the router will forward using the default route.
The difference between classful and classless routing comes into play when you are making a routing decision for a subnet of a network where you have some subnets of the network in the routing table but do not have the particular subnet. So to follow your scenario assume that the routing table has routes for 10.1.1.0/24, 10.2.1.0/24, and 10.56.1.0/24 and you get a packet with destination address 10.99.2.6. In this case it makes a difference whether the router is operating classful or classless. If the router is operating classful then it drops the packet as destination unreachable. If the router is operating classless then it will forward the packet using the default route.
HTH
Rick
Similar Messages
-
What is the fundamental difference between classful and classless routing?
Hello to all,
After reading several RFCs, guides and HOWTOs I am confused by an apparently trivial question - what is the basic, fundamental difference between classful and classless routing?
I am well aware that - said in a very primitive way - the classful routing does not make use of netmasks and instead uses the address classes while the classless routing utilizes the netmasks and does not evaluate the address classes.
However, already in 1985 the RFC 950 (Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure) stated that the networks can be further subnetted using the network mask. Since then the routers are expected to use network masks in the routing decision process in the precise way they use it nowadays. However, if the routers use network masks they are doing the classless routing, aren't they? Where is then the difference if we used to describe the 80's way of routing as a classful routing? Or was it already the classless routing? The RFCs about CIDR came gradually only in 1992 and 1993.
If somebody could give me an insight into the key difference between classful and classless routing (and perhaps into the Internet history, how was the real routing done then) I would be most grateful.
Thank you a lot!
Regards,
PeterHello Mohammed,
I am afraid we still have not understood each other ;) I am not looking for the algorithms used to select the best path. I am well aware of them, both Ford-Bellman and Dijkstra, and about their internals. By the way, these algorithms do not have any influence whether the routing is classful or classless because they deal with metrics, not with masks. For example, a classless EIGRP internally uses a distance-vector algorithm, not a SPF algorithm.
I will try to explain once more what is my problem... There are two terms commonly used but badly defined: the classless routing and classful routing. Originally, I have thought that the classful routing works as follows:
- The routing table consists only of classful destination networks (major nets), metrics and respective gateways. No network masks are stored in the table because we are classful, that is, we use exclusively the route classes and all entries in the routing table are already classful.
- When routing a packet, the router looks at its destination IP address and determines the major net of this IP address (that is, the classful network that this IP address belongs to). Then it looks up the corresponding entry in the routing table and sends the packet to the respective gateway.
I thought that the classful routing works in this way. I won't describe the classless routing - both of us know how do the today's routers select the next hop.
However, in the RFCs 917 and 950 which were published in 1985, long ago before the term 'classless routing' was coined, the network mask was already defined and it was stated how the routers should work with it.
Now I am confused. The terms classless addresses and classless routing were defined sometime in 1990's, therefore I assume that the routing before the invention of classless IP assignment can be in fact described as classful. In other words, I thought that the routing that was commonly used in 1980's did not use netmasks and can be described as classful because the notion of classlessness came first in 1990's. But now I see that netmasks were defined in 1985.
Now where am I wrong? Do I understand the classful routing properly as I described it? Is it correct to talk about routing in that era as classful although the netmasks were already in use? Or was it already the classless routing?
Basically I am trying to understand what was called the classful routing if the classless routing is said to be something different.
Mohammed, I am most grateful to you for your patience and suggestions! Thank you indeed.
Regards,
Peter -
Site-to-Site VPN between Cisco ASA 5505 (8.4) and Cisco Router (IOS 15.2)
Hi, I'm trying to create Site-to-Site VPN between Cisco ASA 5505 and Cisco Router 3945.
I've tried create configuration with and without ASA wizard, but anyway it doesn't work.
Please help me to find where is the issue.
I have two sites and would like to get access from 192.168.83.0 to 192.168.17.0
192.168.17.0 --- S1.S1.S1.S1 (IOS Router) ==================== S2.S2.S2.S2 (ASA 5505) --- 192.168.83.0
Here is my current configuration.
Thanks for your help.
IOS Configuration
version 15.2
crypto isakmp policy 1
encr aes 256
authentication pre-share
group 2
crypto isakmp key cisco address 198.0.183.225
crypto isakmp invalid-spi-recovery
crypto ipsec transform-set AES-SET esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
mode transport
crypto map static-map 1 ipsec-isakmp
set peer S2.S2.S2.S2
set transform-set AES-SET
set pfs group2
match address 100
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address S1.S1.S1.S1 255.255.255.240
ip nat outside
ip virtual-reassembly in
duplex auto
speed auto
crypto map static-map
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
ip virtual-reassembly in
duplex auto
speed auto
access-list 100 permit ip 192.168.17.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.83.0 0.0.0.255
ASA Configuration
ASA Version 8.4(3)
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 2
interface Vlan1
nameif inside
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.83.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan2
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address S2.S2.S2.S2 255.255.255.248
ftp mode passive
same-security-traffic permit intra-interface
object network inside-network
subnet 192.168.83.0 255.255.255.0
object network datacenter
host S1.S1.S1.S1
object network datacenter-network
subnet 192.168.17.0 255.255.255.0
object network NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.83.0_24
subnet 192.168.83.0 255.255.255.0
access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply
access-list outside_access_in extended deny ip any any log
access-list outside_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.83.0 255.255.255.0 object datacenter-network
pager lines 24
logging enable
logging asdm informational
mtu inside 1500
mtu outside 1500
ip local pool vpn_pool 192.168.83.200-192.168.83.254 mask 255.255.255.0
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic inside-network interface
nat (inside,outside) source static inside-network inside-network destination static inside-network inside-network no-proxy-arp route-lookup
nat (inside,outside) source static inside-network inside-network destination static datacenter-network datacenter-network no-proxy-arp route-lookup
nat (inside,outside) source static NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.83.0_24 NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.83.0_24 destination static datacenter-network pdatacenter-network no-proxy-arp route-lookup
access-group outside_access_in in interface outside
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY 1
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set vpn-transform-set esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set vpn-transform-set mode transport
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set L2L_SET esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set L2L_SET mode transport
crypto dynamic-map dyno 10 set ikev1 transform-set vpn-transform-set
crypto map vpn 1 match address outside_cryptomap
crypto map vpn 1 set pfs
crypto map vpn 1 set peer S1.S1.S1.S1
crypto map vpn 1 set ikev1 transform-set L2L_SET
crypto map vpn 20 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dyno
crypto map vpn interface outside
crypto isakmp nat-traversal 3600
crypto ikev1 enable outside
crypto ikev1 policy 10
authentication pre-share
encryption 3des
hash sha
group 2
lifetime 86400
crypto ikev1 policy 20
authentication pre-share
encryption aes-256
hash sha
group 2
lifetime 86400
group-policy GroupPolicy_S1.S1.S1.S1 internal
group-policy GroupPolicy_S1.S1.S1.S1 attributes
vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1
group-policy remote_vpn_policy internal
group-policy remote_vpn_policy attributes
vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 l2tp-ipsec
username artem password 8xs7XK3To4s5WfTvtKAutA== nt-encrypted
username admin password rqiFSVJFung3fvFZ encrypted privilege 15
tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes
address-pool vpn_pool
default-group-policy remote_vpn_policy
tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes
ikev1 pre-shared-key *****
tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes
authentication ms-chap-v2
tunnel-group S1.S1.S1.S1 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group S1.S1.S1.S1 general-attributes
default-group-policy GroupPolicy_S1.S1.S1.S1
tunnel-group S1.S1.S1.S1 ipsec-attributes
ikev1 pre-shared-key *****
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
message-length maximum client auto
message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect dns preset_dns_map
inspect ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect h323 ras
inspect rsh
inspect rtsp
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect skinny
inspect sunrpc
inspect xdmcp
inspect sip
inspect netbios
inspect tftp
inspect ip-options
inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context
no call-home reporting anonymous
Cryptochecksum:f55f10c19a0848edd2466d08744556eb
: endThanks for helping me again. I really appreciate.
I don't hve any NAT-exemptions in Cisco IOS Router. Transform-set I will change soon, but I've tried with tunnel mode and it didn't work.
Maybe NAT-exemptions is the issue. Can you advice me which exemptions should be in Cisco IOS Router?
Because on Cisco ASA I guess I have everything.
Here is show crypto session detail
router(config)#do show crypto session detail
Crypto session current status
Code: C - IKE Configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection
K - Keepalives, N - NAT-traversal, T - cTCP encapsulation
X - IKE Extended Authentication, F - IKE Fragmentation
Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0
Session status: DOWN
Peer: 198.0.183.225 port 500 fvrf: (none) ivrf: (none)
Desc: (none)
Phase1_id: (none)
IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 192.168.17.0/255.255.255.0 192.168.83.0/255.255.255.0
Active SAs: 0, origin: crypto map
Inbound: #pkts dec'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0
Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0
Should I see something in crypto isakmp sa?
pp-border#sh crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id status
IPv6 Crypto ISAKMP SA
Thanks again for your help. -
Transport classes and programs to another server
Except for transport routing and charm copy function, do we have other ways to do so?
for example copy or so forth.
best regards,
Blake LeHi Blake
SAP R/3 Correction and Transport System
Operating system level files in the transport process:
The SAP C program TP, requires a special file structure for the transport process. The file system is operating system dependent. TP uses a transport directory or file system, which is called /usr/sap/trans.
The /usr/sap/trans file system is generally NFS mounted form the development system to other systems unless a system is defined as a single system in the CTS pipeline. All the sub directories should have <SID>adm as the owner and sapsys as the group; and proper read, write and execute access should be given to owner and the group. The TP imports are always performed by <SID>adm.
The following are the subdirectories in /usr/sap/trans:
/data
/cofiles
/bin
/log
/actlog
/buffer
/sapnames
/tmp
/usr/sap/trans/data: holds the data of transport objects after they are released . The example of a data file is R904073.DEV. The extension DEV means the data file was released from the DEV or development system.
/usr/sap/trans/cofiles: The cofiles directory holds the command files for all change requests. These files are like a command or control files used to import the data files. The common directory for CTS system is /usr/sap/trans. After a change request is released from the source system , the data is exported immediately to the file system of the operating system. The SAP transport utility TP uses the cofile to transport a data file. The example of a file in cofiles directory is K904073.DEV.
/usr/sap/trans/bin: holds the most important file TPPARAM in the CTS system. TPPARAM file has all the information about the CTS systems in the CTS pipeline. TPPARAM file is the parameter file for the transport program TP and it is the common file for all the systems in the CTS pipeline. As you know already that /usr/sap/trans should be NFS mounted to all the systems in a CTS pipeline, TP program has access to the TPPARAM file from all the systems. The following is an example of typical TPPARAM file for five SAP systems in the CTS pipeline:
#@(#) TPPARAM.sap 20.6 SAP 95/03/28
Template of TPPARAM for UNIX #
First we specify global values for some parameters, #
later the system specific incarnation of special parameters #
global Parameters #
transdir = /usr/sap/trans/
dbname = $(system)
alllog = ALOG$(syear)$(yweek)
syslog = SLOG$(syear)$(yweek).$(system)
System spezific Parameters #
Beispiel T11 #
DEV/dbname = DEV
DEV/dbhost = sap9f
DEV/r3transpath = /usr/sap/DEV/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
QAS/dbname = QAS
QAS/dbhost = sap8f
QAS/r3transpath = /usr/sap/QAS/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
TRN/dbname = TRN
TRN/dbhost = sap17
TRN/r3transpath = /usr/sap/TRN/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
PRE/dbname = PRE
PRE/dbhost = sap19f
PRE/r3transpath = /usr/sap/PRE/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
PRD/dbname = PRD
PRD/dbhost = sap18f
PRD/r3transpath = /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
/usr/sap/trans/log: holds the entire log files, trace files and statistics for the CTS system. When the user goes to SE09 (workbench organizer) or SE10 (customizing organizer) transaction and opens the log for a transport, the log file for that transport will be read from /usr/sap/trans/log directory. Each change request should have a log file. Examples of log files are DEVG904073.QAS, DEVI904073.QAS and DEVV904073.QAS. The name of a log file consists of the names of the change request, the executed step, and the system in which the step was executed:
<source system><action><6 digits>.<target system>
Now we can analyze the above example DEVG904073. QAS. The <source system> = DEV, <action> = G or report and screen generation, <6 digits> = 904073 (these six digits numbers are exactly the same number as the six digits of the transport) and the <target system> = QAS
Possible values for <action> are:
A: Dictionary activation
D: Import of application-defined objects
E: R3trans export
G: Report and screen generation
H: R3trans dictionary import
I: R3trans main import
L: R3trans import of the command files
M: Activation of the enqueue modules
P: Test import
R: Execution of reports after put (XPRA)
T: R3trans import of table entries
V: Set version flag
X: Export of application-defined objects.
/usr/sap/trans/actlog: holds action log files. The example of an action file is DEVZ902690.DEV. The following are the contents of the file:
1 ETK220 u201C==================================================u201D u201C=================
=============================
1 ETK191 u201C04/30/1998u2033 Action log for request/task: u201CDEVK902690u2033
1 ETK220 u201C==================================================u201D u201C=================
=============================
1 ETK185 u201C04/30/1998 18:02:32u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 has reincluded the request/task
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C18:02:32u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:00u2033
1 ETK193 u201C04/30/1998 18:02:33u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 owner, linked by u201CMOHASX01u2033 to u201CDEVK902691u2033
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C18:02:33u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:00u2033
1 ETK190 u201C05/04/1998 11:02:40u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 has locked and released the request/task
1 ETK194 u201C05/04/1998 11:02:40u2033 **************** End of log *******************
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C11:02:40u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:09u2033
~
~u201DDEVZ902690.DEVu201D 10 lines, 783 characters
/usr/sap/trans/buffer: transport buffer of the target systems; contains control information on which requests are to be imported into which systems and in what order the imports must occur. The /usr/sap/trans/buffer will have a directory for each system in the CTS pipeline. For example the buffer file for DEV system is /usr/sap/trans/buffer/DEV.
/usr/sap/trans/sapnames: holds information pertaining to transport requests for each system user. There are files for each user who released change requests from the system.
/usr/sap/trans/tmp: holds information about temporary data and log files. While the transport is occurring the Basis administrator can find a file that is related to the transport in the tmp directory; that file shows the exact status if the transport (What objects are being imported at that time).
Important SAP delivery class and table types and tables in the CTS process:
Delivery class
The delivery class defines who (i.e. the SAP system itself or the customer) is responsible for maintaining the table contents. In addition the delivery class controls how the table behaves in a client copy and an upgrade. For example when you select a SAP defined profiles to perform a client copy, certain tables are selected according to their delivery class. DD02L table can show what delevery class a table belongs to.
The following delivery classes exist:
A: Application table.
C: Customizing table, maintenance by customer only.
L: Table for storing temporary data.
G: Customizing table, entries protected against overwriting.
E: Control table.
S: System table, maintenance only by SAP.
W: System table, contents can be transported via own TR objects.
Table type
The table type defines whether a physical table exists for the logical table description defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary and how the table is stored on the database.
The following are different table types in SAP:
Transparent Tables
There is a physical table on the database for each transparent table. The names of the physical table and the logical table definition in the ABAP/4 Dictionary are same. For every transparent table in SAP, there is a table in database. The business and application data are stored in transparent tables.
Structure
No data records exist on the database for a structure. Structures are used for the interface definition between programs or between screens and programs.
Append Structure
An Append structure defines a subset of fields which belong to another table or structure but which are treated as a separate object in the correction management. Append structures are used to support modifications.
The following table types are used for internal purposes, for example to store control data or for continuous texts:
Pooled table
Pooled tables can be used to store control data (e.g. screen sequences, program parameters or temporary data). Several pooled tables can be combined to form a table pool. The table pool corresponds to a physical table on the database in which all the records of the allocated-pooled tables are stored.
Cluster table
Cluster tables contain continuous text, for example documentation. Several cluster tables can be combined to form a table cluster. Several logical lines of different tables are combined to form a physical record in this table type. This permits object-by-object storage or object-by-object access. In order to combine tables in clusters, at least part of the keys must agree. Several cluster tables are stored in one corresponding table on the database.
Tables in CTS process:
TRBAT and TRJOB:
TRJOB and TRBAT are the major tables in the CTS process. After TP program has sent the event to the r3 system, RDDIMPDP checks table TRBAT in the target system to find out if there is an action to be performed. Mass activation, distribution, or table conversions are the examples of actions. If there is action to be performed, RDDIMPDP starts the appropriate program in the background task. RDDIMPDP then reschedules itself.
By checking table TRJOB, RDDIMPDP automatically recognizes if a previous step was aborted, and restarts this step. For each transport request , TP program inserts an entry into table TRBAT. If the return code 9999 in this table then the step is waiting to be performed. Return code 8888 indicates that the step is active and currently being processed. A return code of 12 or less indicates that the step is finished. In addition, TP inserts a header entry to let the RDDIMPDP program know to start processing. The column return code will therefore contain a B for begin. When RDDIMPDP is started, it sets the header entry to R(un), and starts the required program. When all the necessary actions are performed for all the transport requests, the column return code contains all the return codes received, and the column TIMESTAMP contains the finishing time. The header entry is set to F(inished). TP monitors the entries in TRBAT and TRJOB tables. When the header entry in TRBAT is set to finished. The entry in TRJOB is deleted.
Transport Tables SE06
TDEVC - Development classes
TASYS - Details of the delivery. Systems in the group that should automatically receive requests, have to be specified in table TASYS.
TSYST - The transport layers will be assigned to the integration systems. ( Define all systems)
TWSYS - Consolidation routes ( define consolidation path)
DEVL - Transport layers are defined here
In u201CConfiguring the CTS systemu201D section, We will learn more about the transport tables in SE06 transaction
Programs in the CTS process:
In the CTS table section we learned about the RDDIMPDP program. RDDIMPDP program needs to be scheduled in all the clients in an instance. It is recommended to schedule the RDDIMPDP as event driven.
RDDPUTPP and RDDNEWPP programs can be used to schedule RDDIMPDP program in the background.
The ABAP/4 programs that RDDIMPDP starts are determined by the transport step to be executed that is entered in the function field of table TRBAT.
Function Job Name Description of transport Steps
J RDDMASGL Activation of ABAP/4 dictionary objects
M RDDMASGL Activation of match codes and lock objects
S RDDDISOL Analysis of database objects to be converted
N RDDGENOL Conversion of database objects
Y RDDGENOL Conversion of matchcode tables
X RDDDICOL Export of AD0 objects
D RDDDIC1L Import of AD0 objects
E RDDVERSE Version management update during export
V RDDVERSL Version management update during import
R RDDEXECL Execution of programs for post - import processing
G RDDDIC3L Generation of ABAP/4 programs and screens
Version Management:
One of the important features of Workbench Organizer is Version Management. This feature works for all the development objects. Using the version management feature the users can compare and retrieve previous versions of objects.
Version management provides for comparisons, restore of previous versions, documentation of changes and assistance in the adjustment of data after upgrading to a new release. With the release of a change request, version maintenance is automatically recorded for each object. If an object in the system has been changed N times, it will have N delta versions and one active version. To display version management, for ABAPs use transaction SE38 and for tables, domains and data elements use SE11. The path to follow is Utilities -> Display version. Using version management the users can view existing version for previously created ABAP code, make changes to the code, compare code versions and restore original version of the code. Now the users will be restore previous versions without cut and paste steps of the past.
TP and R3trans program:
The basis administrator uses TP program to transport SAP objects from one system to another. TP is a C program delivered by SAP that runs independently of the R/3 system. TP program uses the appropriate files located in a common transport directory /usr/sap/trans. TP starts C programs, ABAP/4 programs and special operating system commands to its job. R3trans is one of the most important utility program called by TP. Before using the TP program, the basis administrator needs to make sure that the CTS system is setup properly and the right version of TP is running in the system. The TP program is located in the run time directory /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run directory. It is automatically copied in the install process. A global parameter file TPPARAM that contains the databases of the different target systems and other information for the transport process controls TP. The global parameter file determines which R3trans is used for each system. If the parameter r3transpath is not defined properly then no export and import can be done. The basis administrator should make sure that the default value u201Cr3transpathu201D is properly defined. Later in this chapter we will learn more about TP and R3trans; also we are going to see how they are used.
Configuring the TPPARAM file:
Each time TP is started, it must know the location of the global parameter file. As we have seen before TPPARAM file should be in directory /usr/sap/trans/bin. The parameters in TPPARAM can either global (valid for each and every system in the cts pipeline) or local to one system. Th parameters are either operating system dependant (these parameters preceded by a keyword corresponding to the specific operating system) or database dependant (contain a keyword corresponding to a specific database system).
The global parameter file provides variables that can be used for defining parameters. The variables can be defined in format: $(xyz). The brackets can be substituted with the u201C\u201D-character if required.
The following pre-defined variables are available for the global parameter file:
$(cpu1): The CPU name can be sun or as4 for example. In heterogeneous networks this variable is very important.
$(cpu2): Acronym for the name of the operating system. The example for this variable can be
hp-ux, or sunos . This is an operating system specific variable.
$(dname): Used for the day of the week (SUN,MON,u2026.).
$(mday): Used for the day of the current month (01-31).
$(mname): Used for the name of the month (JANu2026DEC).
$(mon): Used for the Month (01-12).
$(system): R/3 System name.
$(wday): Day of the week (00-06, Sunday=00, Monday=01, Tuesday=02 and so on).
$(yday): Day of the current year (001-366). Using the number any day of the year can be chosen.
$(year): Year (Example:1998 or 1999).
$(syear): Short form of the year (two positions).
$(yweek): Calendar week (00-53). The first week begins with the first Sunday of the year.
For the database connection:
The transport environment also needs parameters to connect to the R/3 System database. As we know already the every instance in the R/3 CTS pipeline has its own database, therefore specific parameters should be defined for each database system. From dbtype parameter of RSPARAM file, TP program identifies the database system.
The two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are required for ORACLE databases.
DBHOST: is the name of the computer on which the database processes execute. TCP/IP name of the host if NT is being used.
DBNAME: is the name of the database instance.
As of Release 3.0E, two new parameters have been introduced.
DBLOGICALNAME: The default value is $(system). The logical name that was used to install the database.
DBCONFPATH: The default value is $(transdir).
The parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are also used for INFORMIX databases in an installation:
DBHOST: Same as Oracle.
DBNAME: Name of the database instance, uppercase and lowercase are distinguished here.
INFORMIXDIR : u201C/informix/<SAPSID>u201D is the default value. Defines the directory namewhere the database software can be found.
INFORMIXSQLHOSTS: u201C$(informixdir)/etc/sqlhosts[.tli|.soc]u201Cis default value under Unix. The name of the SQLhosts file with its complete path is defined with this parameter.
INFORMIX_SERVER: u201C$(dbhost)$(dbname)shmu201D is the default value. The name of the database server may be specified for a local connect.
INFORMIX_SERVERALIAS: u201C$(dbhost)$(dbname)tcpu201Dis the default vlue. The name of the database server can be specified for a remote connect.
For Microsoft SQL Server database the two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are also required. DBHOST: The TCP/IP name of the host on which the database is running.
DBNAME: The database instance name.
For DB2 in AS/400 only u201Cdbhostu201D is required.
DBHOST: System name of the host on which the database is running.
If theu201DOptiConnectu201D is used, the following line should be specified:
OPTICONNECT 1
For DB2/ AIX
The two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are required
DBHOST: The host on which the database processes are running. It is the TCP/IP name of the host for Windows NT (As we have seen in the earlier examples).
DBNAME: Database instance name.
The DB2 for AIX Client Application Enabler Software must also be installed on the host on which tp is running.
ALLLOG: u201CALOGu201D $(syear) $(yweek)u201Dis the default value. This variable can be used in TPPARAM file to specify the name of a file in which tp stores information about every transport step carried out for a change request anywhere in the transport process. The file always resides in the log directory.
SYSLOG: u201CSLOG $(syear) $(yweek).$(system)u201D is the default value. This variable can be used to name a file in which tp stores information about the progress of import actions in a certain R/3 System. The file does not store information for any particular change request. The file always resides in the log directory.
tp_VERSION: Zero is the default value. If this parameter is set to not equal to zero, a lower version of tp may not work with this TPPARAM file. If the default value (zero) is set, the parameter has no affect.
STOPONERROR: (Numeric value) The default value is 9. When STOPONERROR is set to zero, tp is never stopped in the middle of an u201Cimportu201D or u201Cputu201D call. When STOPONERROR is set to a value greater than zero, tp stops as soon as a change request generates a return code that is equal to or greater than this value (The numeric value of the STOPONERROR parameter is stored in the variable BADRC). Change requests, which still have to be processed for the current step, are first completed. A u201CSYNCMARKu201D in the buffer of the R/3 System involved, sets a limit here. tp divides the value of this parameter between two internal variables. STOPONERROR itself is treated as a boolean variable that determines whether tp should be stopped, if the return code is too high.
REPEATONERROR (Numeric value too): The default value is 9. The REPEATONERROR parameter is similar to STOPONERROR. The difference is, REPEATONERROR specifies the return code up to which a change request is considered to be successfully processed. Return codes less than REPEATONERROR are accepted as u201Cin Orderu201D. Change requests that were not processed successfully stay in the buffer.
NEW_SAPNAMES: Default value is u201CFALSEu201D. A file is created for each user of the R/3 System group in the u201Csapnamesu201D subdirectory of the transport directory. Except some of the operating system,the name of the user is the name of the file. It is very important to remember hat the special characters or length of the file name could cause problems. If all the R/3 Systems in the transport group have at least Release level 3.0.; TP program is efficient to handle this problem. The user names are modified to create file names that are valid in all operating systems and the real user names are stored in a corresponding file.
Though we have seen so many parameters, for the minimum configuration the following two parameters are very important.
TRANSDIR: specifies the name of the common transport directory. The following is a typical example from TPPARAM of Unix as we have seen before.
transdir = /usr/sap/trans/
DBHOST: contains the name of the database host. In Windows NT environment, this is the TCP/IP host name. The following is an example in Unix:
DEV/dbname = DEV
DEV/dbhost = sap9f
DEV/r3transpath = /usr/sap/DEV/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
For TP, to control u2018Start and Stopu2019 command files and database in R/3 the following important parameters are specified in TPPARAM:
Parameters for the tp Function u201CPUTu201D: LOCK_EU (boolean) default value is u201CTRUEu201D. Though from version 3.1 onward the tp put command is used seldom in cts process still it is important to know how this parameter works. When u201Ctp putu201D is used, it changes the system change option . If the parameter is set to u201CFALSEu201D nothing gets changed. If the parameter is set to u201CTRUEu201D, the system change option is set to u201CObjects cannot be changedu201D at the beginning of the call, and gets changed back to its previous value at the end of the call. The u201Ctp putu201D command will give the exact status of the locking mechanism.
LOCKUSER (used as boolean value): Default value is u201CTRUEu201D. This parameter is about the user login while tp put call is executed. If this parameter is set to u201CFALSEu201D, no locking mechanism for the users takes affect. If this parameter is defined as u201CTRUEu201D then a character is set in the database level; so only DDIC and SAP* can log on to the system. Users that have already logged on are not affected (this is a reason for activating the parameters STARTSAP and STOPSAP). The charactertor is removed at the end of the call, and all the users can log on to the SAP R/3 System again.
STARTSAP: Default value is u201D u201C.or u201CPROMPTu201D for Windows NT . This parameter is used by TP to start an R/3 System. It is not necessary for the clients to make tp start and stop R/3 system..
STOPSAP: Default value is u201D u201Cor u201CPROMPTu201D for Windows NT. TP uses this parameter to stop an R/3 System.
STARTDB: Default value is u201D u201C. TP uses the value of this parameter to start the database of an R/3 System.
The parameter is not active under Windows NT.
STOPDB: Default value is u201D u201C. TP uses the value of this parameter to stop the database of an R/3 System.
This parameter is not active under Windows NT.
The above parameters in UNIX can be used as following:
STARTSAP = startsap R3
STOPSAP = stopsap R3
STARTDB = startsap db
STOPDB = stopsap db
In Windows NT:
STARTSAP =
$(SAPGLOBALHOST)\sapmnt\$(system)\sys\exe\run\startsap.exe
R3 <SID> <HOST NAME> <START PROFILE>
STOPSAP =
$(SAPGLOBALHOST)\sapmnt\$(system)\sys\exe\run\stopsap.exe
R3 <SID> <HOST NAME> <INSTANCE> <PROFILE PATH + Instance profile>
The parameters STARTDB and STOPDB are not active under Windows NT.
Parameters for the tp function u201CCLEAROLDu201D
DATALIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C200u2033. When the data file has reached a minimum age, it is moved to the subdirectory old data with tp check. tp clearold all. The life span of the data files in the data sub directory can be set in days with this all, parameter.
OLDDATALIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C365u2033. When a file located in the olddata subdirectory is no longer needed for further actions of the transport system and has reached a minimum age, it is removed with tp check.all, tp clearold all. The minimum age in days can be set with this parameter.
COFILELIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C365u2033. This parameter is used just like DATALIFETIME parameter.
LOGLIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C200u2033. This parameter applies to the life span of the log files. When the log files in log subdirectory is no longer needed for the transport system and has reached a minimum age, it is deleted with the calls tp check.all, tp clearold all. The minimum age in days can be defined with this parameter.
The Three Key Utilities of the CTS system (TP, R3trans and R3chop):
TP: Earlier in this chapter we have seen the objectives of TP. The TP transport control program is a utility program that helps the user to transport objects from one system to another. TP program is the front-end for the utility R3trans. TP stands for u201CTransports and Putsu201D. To make the TP work successfully the CTS system needs to be correctly configured. The following steps are very important for TP to run properly.
The transport directory /usr/sap/trans must be installed and NFS mounted to all the systems in the CTS pipe line.
RDDIMPDP program must be running (event driven is recommended) in each client. RDDIMPDP can be scheduled in the background by executing RDDNEWPP or RDDPUTPP. Use the tp checkimpdp <sap sid> command in /usr/sap/trans/bin directory as <sid>adm user to check RDDIMPDP program.
Use the tp connect <sap sid> command in /usr/sap/trans/bin directory to see whether the tp program is connecting to the database successfully or not. To run TP command the user has to logon as <sid>adm in source or target system.
The R/3 Systems in the CTS pipeline must have different names.
The Global CTS Parameter File TPPARAM must be correctly configured.
The source system (for the export) and target system ( for the import) must have at least two background work processes. TP always schedules the C class job, so if all the background jobs are defined as A class job then there will be problems in transport steps.
Important Tips :.It is always better to have the up to date TP version installed in your system. A user can ftp a current version of TP from SAPSERV4 of SAP. Though R3trans and other utility programs can be used to do the transport, it is recommended to use TP whenever possible for the following reasons..
The exports and imports are done separately using TP program. For example: when a transport is released from the system, the objects are exported from the source database to the operating system and then the import phase starts to transport those objects to the target system.
TP takes care of the order of the objects. The order, that was followed to export the objects; the same order will be followed to import them to the target database.
The TP command processes all change requests or transports in the SAP system buffer that have not yet been imported successfully. All the import steps are executed automatically after TP calls R3trans program to execute the following necessary steps:
Dictionary Import: ABAP/4 dictionary objects will be imported in this step.
Dictionary Activation: Name tabs or runtime descriptions will be written inactively. The R/3 system keeps running until the activation phase is complete. The enqueue modules are the exceptions in the running phase. After the activation of new dictionary structure the new actions are decided to get the runtime objects to the target system.
Structure conversion: If necessary the table structure is changed in this phase.
Move Nametabs: The new ABAP/4 Dictionary runtime objects which were inactive up to now are moved into the active runtime environment in this process. The database structures are adjusted accordingly. From the first step to the Main import step inconsistencies can occur to the R/3 system. After the main import phase all the inconsistency ca be solved.
Main import with R3trans: All the data are imported completely and the system comes to a consistent state.
Activation of enqueue-objects: The enqueue-objects cannot be activated in the same way as the objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary, so they have to be activated after the main import in this step. They are then used directly in the running system.
Structure Conversion of match codes, Import application defined objects, versioning and execution of user defined activities are some of the steps after activation of enqueue-objects. The next step is generation of ABAP/4 programs and screens, where all the programs and screens associated with the change request are generated. When all the import steps are completed successfully, the transport request is removed from the import buffer.
It is recommended by SAP to schedule regular periods for imports into the target system (e.g. daily, weekly or monthly). Shorter periods between imports are not advisable. The transport to production should not be done in the off hours when the users are not working
TP can be started with different parameters. The u201Ctp helpu201D command can help user to generate a short description about the use of the command.
The following are the some important commands of TP:
For export:
tp export <change request>: The complete objects in the request from the source system will be transported. This command also used by SAP System when it releases a request.
tp r3e <change request>: R3trans export of one transport request.
tp sde <change request>: Application defined objects in one transport request can be exported.
tp tst <change request> <SAP system >: The test import for transport request can be done using this command.
tp createinfo <change request>: This command creates a information file that is automatically done during the export.
tp verse <request>: This command creates version creates versions of the objects in the specified request.
To Check the transport buffer, global parameter file and change requests:
tp showbuffer <sid>: Shows all the change requests ready to be imported to the target system.
tp count <sid>: Using this command users can find out the number of requests in the buffer waiting for import.
tp go <sid>: This command shows the environment variables needed for the connection to the database of the <sid> or target system.
tp showparams <sid>: All the values of modifiable tp parameters in the global parameter file. The default value is shown for parameters that have not been set explicitly.
To import the change requests or transports:
tp addtobuffer <request>.<sid>: If a change request is not in the buffer then this command is used to add it to the buffer, before the import step starts.
tp import all <sid>: This command imports all the change requests from the buffer to the target system.
tp put <sid>: The objective of this command is same as u201Ctp import all <sid>u201D, but this command locks the system. This command also starts and stops the SAP system, if the parameters startsap and stopsap parameters are not set to u201D u201C.
tp import <change request> <sid>: To import a single request from the source system to target system.
tp r3h <change request>| all <sid>: Using this command user can import the dictionary structures of one transport or all the transport from the buffer.
tp act <change request>|all <sid>: This command activates all the dictionary objects in the change request.
tp r3i <change request> | all <sid>: This command imports everything but dictionary structures of one.
tp sdi <change request>|all <sid>: Import application-defined objects.
tp gen <change request>|all <sid>: Screen and reports are generated using this command.
tp mvntabs <sid>: All inactive nametabs will be activated with this command.
tp mea <change request>|all <sid>: This command will activate the enqueue modules in the change request.
When you call this command, note the resulting changes to the import sequence.
Additional tp utility options:
tp check <sid>|all (data|cofiles|log|sapnames|verbose): User uses this command to find all the files in the transport directory that are not waiting for imports and they have exceeded the minimum time specified using the COFILELIFETIME, LOGFILELIFETIME, OLDDATALIFETIME and DATALIFETIME parameters of TPPARAM file.
tp delfrombuffer <request>.<sid>: This command removes a single change request from the buffer. In case of TMS, the request will be deleted from the import queue.
tp setstopmark <sid>: A flag is set to the list of requests ready for import into the target system. When the user uses the command tp import all <sapsid> and tp put <sapsid>, the requests in front of this mark are only processed. After all the requests in front of the mark have been imported successfully, the mark is deleted.
tp delstopmark <sid>: This command deletes the stop mark from the buffer if it exists.
tp cleanbuffer <sapsid>: Removes all the change requests from the buffer that are ready for the import into the target system.
tp locksys <sid>: This command locks the system for all the users except SAP* and DDIC. The users that have already logged on are not affected by the call.
tp unlocksys <sid>: This command unlocks the system for all the users.
tp lock_eu <sid>: This command sets the system change option to u201Csystem can not be changedu201D tmporarily.
tp unlock_eu <sid>: This command unlocks the system for all the changes.
tp backupall <sid>: This command starts a complete backup using R3trans command. It uses /usr/sap/trans/backup directory for the backup.
tp backup delta <sid>: Uses R3trans for a delta backup into /usr/sap/trans/backup directory.
tp sapstart <sid>: To start the R/3 system.
tp stopsap <sid>: To stop the R/3 system.
tp dbstart <sid>: To start the database.
tp dbstop <sid>: To stop the database.
Unconditional modes for TP: Unconditional modes are used with the TP program and these modes are intended for the special actions needed in the transport steps. Using unconditional mode user can manipulate the rules defined by the workbench organizer. The unconditional mode should be used when needed, otherwise it might create problems for the R/3 system database. Unconditional mode is used after the letter u201CUu201D in the TP command. Unconditional mode can be a digit between 0 to 9 and each has a meaning to it. The following is a example of a import having unconditional mode.
tp import devk903456 qas client100 U12468
0: Called a overtaker; change request can be imported from buffer without deleting it and then uncoditional mode 1 is used to allow another import in the correct location.
1: If U1 is used with the export then it ignores the correct status of the command file; and if it is used with import then it lets the user import the same change request again.
2: When used with tp export, it dictates the program to not to expand the selection with TRDIR brackets. If used in tp import phase, it overwrites the originals.
3: When used with tp import, it overwrites the system-dependant objects.
5: During the import to the consolidation system it permits the source systems other than the integration system.
6: When used in import phase, it helps to overwrite objects in unconfirmed repairs.
8: During import phase it ignores the limitations caused by the table classification.
9: During import it ignores that the system is locked for this kind of transport.
R3trans: TP uses R3trans program to transport data from one system to another in the CTS pipeline. efficient basis administrator can use R3trans directly to export and import data from and into any SAP systems. Using this utility transport between different database and operating system can e done without any problems. Different versions of R3trans are fully compatible with each other and can be used for export and import. The basis administrator has to be careful using R3trans for different release levels of R/3 software; logical inconsistency might occur if the up to date R3trans is not used for the current version of R/3 system.
The syntax for using the control file is following:
R3trans [<options>] <control file> (several options used at the same time; at least one option must be there)
For example: R3trans u2013u 1 u2013w test.log test
In the above example a unconditional mode is used, a log file u201Ctest.logu201D file is used to get the log result and a control file u201Ctestu201D, where the instructions are given for the R3trans to follow. The user needs to logon as <sid>adm to execute R3trans.
The following options are available for the R3trans program:
R3trans -d : This command is used to check the database connection .
R3trans -u <int>: Unconditional mode can be used as we have seen in the above example.
R3trans -v : This is used for verbose mode. It writes additional details to the log file
R3trans -i <file>: This command directly imports data from data file without a control file.
R3trans -l <file>: This provides output of a table of contents to the log file.
R3trans -n : This option provides a brief information about new features of R3trans.
R3trans u2013t: This option is used for the test mode. All modifications in the database are rolled back.
R3trans -c <f1> [<f2>]: This command is used for conversion. The <f1> file will be copied to <f2> file after executing a character set conversion to the local character set.
Important tips: Do not confuse the backup taken using R3trans with database backup. The backups taken using R3trans are logical backups of objects. In case something happens to the SAP system these backups can not be used for recovery. R3trans backups can be only used to restore a copy of a particular object that has been damaged or lost by the user.
R3trans -w <file>: As we have seen in the above example this option can be used to write to a log file. If no file is mentioned then trans.log is default directory for the log.
R3trans also can be used for the database backup.
R3trans u2013ba: This command is used for a complete backup. we will see in the next paragraph how to use
the control file for the backup.
R3trans u2013bd: This command is used for a delta backup if the user does not want a complete backup.
R3trans u2013bi: This option will display backup information.
The following are some of the examples of control files:
We have already learned how to use a command for the logical backup of the objects in the database. To get a complete backup the following example control file can be used.
backup all
file = /usr/sap/trans/backall
The option u201Cfile = u2026u201D is the name of the directory into which the data files are to be written. If you are taking a complete backup of DEV system then the backup file is going to look like u201CDEV.A000.bcku201D the next complete
Reward if useful
Regards
divya -
Have been trying since Friday to set up a One to One class and cannot
Does anyone know why we cannot set up a One to One class online? Have been trying since Friday to set up a One to One class and cannot
I have the router that my ISP provided and that is connected to a airport extreme base station wirelessly
That....will not work. The AirPort Extreme must connect to your ISP provided router using a permanent, wired Ethernet cable connection.
Once you reset the AirPort Extreme back to factory default settings, make the Ethernet connection, and then reconfigure the AirPort Extreme to create a wireless network.......then......the Time Capsule will be able to wirelessly extend the AirPort Extreme wireless network.
If you do it this way, you will not be using your ISP provided wireless network at all, so you might want to consider turning off the wireless on the ISP router.....unless you really need a second wireless network for guests, or the kids, etc. -
Can I use classes and methods for a maintenance view events?
Hello experts,
Instead of perform/form, can I instead use classes and methods, etc for a given maintenance view event, lets say for example I want to use event '01' which is before saving records in the database. Help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks a lot guys!Hi viraylab,
1. The architecture provided by maintenance view
for using EVENTS and our own code inside it -
It is provided using FORM/PERFORM
concept only.
2. At this stage,we cannot use classes.
3. However, inside the FORM routine,
we can write what ever we want.
We can aswell use any abap code, including
classes and methods.
(But this classes and methods won't have any
effect on the EVENT provided by maintenance view)
regards,
amit m. -
What is the diff b/w Abstract class and an interface ?
Hey
I am always confused as with this issue : diff b/w Abstract class and an interface ?
Which is more powerful in what situation.
Regards
VinayHi, Don't worry I am teach you
Abstract class and Interface
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods.
Edited by SASIKUMARA
SIT INNOVATIONS- Chennai
Message was edited by:
sasikumara
Message was edited by:
sasikumara -
Using Remote app on iPhone 5 without a separate internet connection and wifi router.
Hi,
I need to be able to control iTunes within my MacBook Pro remotely. Using my mobile broadband service and wireless router I've been able to get the Remote app to allow my iPhone 5 to do the job nicely through Home Share. So I went and bought a separate WiFi router and tried to do the same thing. Of course when it didn't work, I discovered that I need an internet connection and WiFi network to make the Home Sharing work.
So I got to thinking, can I create a WiFi hotspot using the Personal HotSpot functionality of my iPhone, set up Home Sharing on phone and MacBookPro and then use the Remote app. Ideally this would work as it seems all the key components are in place.
The MacBook Pro accepts the iPhone hotspot as a means of Home Sharing, however the iPhone won't use the personal hotspot to Home Share and I can't connect to the iPhone personal hotspot on the iPhone itself.
Does anyone know how to make this work for me? It would be such as neat solution if I can get it to work - not to mention the potential to save me about $200 (I need to set this model up for two people).
Cheers
KathySame trouble here, iPad 2 with latest OS and remote app, iPod with latest OS and app.
-
VPN between ASA5505 Easy VPN Server and 881G Router as Easy VPN Client
Hello,
I have problem in VPN between ASA5505 Easy VPN Server and 881G Router as Easy VPN Client. ASA 5505 have 7.2.3 software and 881G router have 15.1 software.
881G is configured as hardware client in network exstention mode, and it is placed behind NAT. ASA5505 is working as server. Same VPN Group works correctly from VPN software clients.
When I send traffic from 881G client side, in show cryto sessin detail I see encrypted packets. But with same command I dont see decrypted packet on ASA5505 side. On both devices Phase 1 and Phase 2 are UP.
VPN is working when I replace ASA5505 with ASA5510 correctly with have 8.4.6 software. But problem is that i need to do this VPN between ASA5505 and 881G.
Can you help me, how can I debug or troubleshoot this problem ?
I am unable to update software on ASA5505 side.Hello,
Hire is what my config look like:
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 40 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 40 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 60 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 60 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 80 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 80 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 100 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 100 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 120 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 120 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 140 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 140 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 160 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 160 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 180 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 180 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 200 set pfs
crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 200 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA
crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map
crypto map outside_map interface outside
crypto isakmp enable outside
crypto isakmp policy 1
authentication pre-share
encryption 3des
hash sha
group 2
lifetime 86400
crypto isakmp policy 2
authentication pre-share
encryption 3des
hash sha
group 1
lifetime 86400
crypto isakmp policy 3
authentication pre-share
encryption des
hash sha
group 2
lifetime 86400
tunnel-group HW-CLIENT-GROUPR type ipsec-ra
tunnel-group HW-CLIENT-GROUP general-attributes
address-pool HW-CLIENT-GROUP-POOL
default-group-policy HW-CLIENT-GROUP
tunnel-group HW-CLIENT-GROUP ipsec-attributes
pre-shared-key *******
group-policy HW-CLIENT-GROUP internal
group-policy HW-CLIENT-GROUP attributes
password-storage enable
split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
split-tunnel-network-list value cisco_splitTunnelAcl
nem enable -
What is the field and Table for "Batch Class" and "Class Type" in QM.
Hi All,
What is the field and Table for "Batch Class" and "Class Type" in QM.
Thanks,Hi,
For batch class the class type value is '023' . This you can find from KLAH table and the fileld for class type is KLART..
And also all the data related to batch class are found in tables INOB, KLAH,KKSK and for the characeteristics of batch materials you can refer AUSP table.
In INOB table, for batch class, you need to give 023 in KLART field and value MCH1 in OBTAB filed.
Please check this and let me know if this you need any more details? -
Using java class and variables declared in java file in jsp
hi everyone
i m trying to seperate business logic form web layer. i don't know i am doing in a right way or not.
i wanted to access my own java class and its variables in jsp.
for this i created java file like this
package ris;
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class NewClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
Connection con = null;
ResultSet rs=null;
Statement smt=null;
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///net","root", "anthony111");
smt=con.createStatement();
rs= smt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM emp");
while(rs.next()){
String str = rs.getString("Name");
}catch( Exception e){
String msg="Exception:"+e.getMessage();
}finally {
try {
if(con != null)
con.close();
} catch(SQLException e) {}
}next i created a jsp where i want to access String str defined in java class above.
<%--
Document : fisrt
Created on : Jul 25, 2009, 3:00:38 PM
Author : REiSHI
--%>
<%@page import="ris.NewClass"%>
<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JSP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=str%></h1>
</body>
</html>I wanted to print the name field extracted from database by ResultSet.
but it gives error cannot find symbol str.
please help me to find right way to do this.
i am using netbeans ide.Very bad approach
1) Think if your table contains more than one NAMEs then you will get only the last one with your code.
2) Your String is declared as local variable in the method.
3) You have not created any object of NewClass nor called the method in JSP page. Then who will call the method to run sql?
4) Your NewClass contains main method which will not work in web application, it's not standalone desktop application so remove main.
Better create an ArrayList and then call the method of NewClass and then store the data into ArrayList and return the ArrayList.
It should look like
{code:java}
package ris;
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class NewClass{
public static ArrayList getNames(){
Connection con = null;
ResultSet rs=null;
Statement smt=null;
ArrayList nameList = new ArrayList();
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///net","root", "anthony111");
smt=con.createStatement();
rs= smt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM emp");
while(rs.next()){
nameList.add(rs.getString("Name"));
return nameList;
}catch( Exception e){
String msg="Exception:"+e.getMessage();
</code><code class="jive-code jive-java"><font>return nameList;</code><code class="jive-code jive-java">
}finally {
try {
if(con != null)
con.close();
} catch(SQLException e) {}
</code><code>return nameList;</code>
<code class="jive-code jive-java"> } -
Customizing FD01 and FB70 using PS Class and Characteristics
Hello SAP Experts
I have the following issue:
My client has a requirement where we need to customize the Customer Master (FD01) screen and the Invoice Posting Screen (FB70). A few additional fields have to be added by creating a separate tab. I was intending to take Abaper's help and do this using user exits but I have been suggested by the cleint to use SAP PS Class and Characteristics feature to do this. Can someone please throw some light on this feature and how can i create custom fields on FD01 and FB70 screens. Is there a way we could customize these screens using PS class and characteristics. Your opinions would be much appreciated.
Please kindly give your suggestions. Thanks in advance
Regards,
NikJoao Paulo,
Thank you for the response. I have tried to obtain some info from OSS but no luck. Tried all means but there is limited information available.
Nik -
FM/Class to find the class and characterstics for a given material
Hi All,
Is there any Class/FM to find the class and characterstics for a given material.I tried some BAPI_OBJCL* BAPI's but lot of the BAPI's need classnum as input parameter. But i need a BAPI or tables or class which can give the class and its characterstic values for a given material.Hi Ben
Try ..
BAPI_OBJCL_GETCLASSES
BAPI_OBJCL_CREATE -
XML file in the form of .config file how to convert it to class and store it in single object
Hi,
I have a config file in which i have to convert it to class and get an object.
example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<xyz xmlns="">
<Container name ="Basic">
<Connectivity user="" server="" protocol="udp"/>
<Connectivity user="" server="" protocol="udp"/>
</Container>
<Container name ="Cp">
<settings version="1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.counterpath.com/cps">
<domain name="audio">
<section name="headset">
<setting name="audio_in_agc_enabled " value="1"/>
</section>
<section name="incoming">
<setting name="use_agc" value="1"/>
</section>
<section name="vad">
</section>
</domain>
<domain name="system">
<section name="qos">
<setting name="audio" value="tos 46"/>
</section>
<section name="dtmf">
<setting name="force_send_in_band" value="0"/>
<setting name="minimum_rfc2833_play_time" value="40"/>
</section>
<section name="network">
<setting name="dtx_enabled" value="0"/>
</section>
<section name="diagnostics">
<setting name="enable_logging" value="1"/>
<setting name="log_level" value="Error"/>
</section>
<section name="general">
<setting name="add_OS_version_to_user_agent_header" value="1"/>
</section>
<section name="indialog_notify">
<setting name="enable_indialognotify" value="1"/>
</section>
</domain>
<domain name="rtp">
<section name="2833">
<setting name="enabled" value="1"/>
<setting name="packet_time_in_ms" value="60"/>
<setting name="payload_number" value="101"/>
</section>
<section name="inactivity">
<setting name="timer_enabled" value="0"/>
</section>
</domain>
<domain name="proxies">
<section name="proxy0">
</section>
<section name="proxy1">
</section>
</domain>
<domain name="ggg">
<section name="device">
<setting name="use_headset" value="1"/>
<setting name="rrr" value="1"/>
<setting name="eee" value="480"/>
<setting name="eme" value="hhh"/>
<setting name="headset_name" value="vvv"/>
<setting name="manual_audio_devices_configure" value="0"/>
<setting name="audio_in_device" value=""/>
<setting name="audio_out_device" value=""/>
<setting name="ringer_device" value=""/>
</section>
<section name="system">
<setting name="export_settings" value="EndpointSettings.xml"/>
<setting name="enable_export_settings" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_AbstractPhone" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Audio" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Auto Configuration" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_CCM" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Conferencing" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Contacts" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_DNS" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_GUI" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Jitter" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Licensing" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Media" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Privacy" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_RTP" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_STUN" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Security" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Storage" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Transport" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_USB Devices" value="Info"/>
<setting name="log_level_Utilities" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Video" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Voice Quality" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_XMPP" value="0"/>
<setting name="log_level_Endpoint" value="6"/>
</section>
<section name="beeptone">
<setting name="play_locally" value="0"/>
<setting name="enable_beeptone" value="1"/>
<setting name="beeptone_file" value="beep.wav"/>
<setting name="beeptone_timeout" value="30000"/>
</section>
<section name="dtmf">
<setting name="play_locally" value="1"/>
<setting name="pause_start_stop_dtmf" value="100"/>
</section>
<section name="control">
<setting name="auto_answer" value="0"/>
</section>
<section name="ctrol">
<setting name="auto_ans" value="0"/>
</section>
</domain>
</settings>
</Container>
</xyz>
Please help me out in creating an object from it.
Thanks,
HiranmayeeIt's one of those things you usually start from the other end.
IE with a class and then serialise / deserialize to xml.
Because you have a namespace in there:
<settings version="1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.counterpath.com/cps">
I think you will find linq to xml will have issues with that.
You could still use xpath to pick data out of there and there's been a thread on the c# forum recently which is relevent:
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/2dc0581e-f2fd-4fd3-89ee-e59280c398e6/read-xml?forum=csharpgeneral
Why do you want to turn that into an object?
By the way.
This isn't a wpf question and you should probably have posted it on the c# forum.
Hope that helps.
Recent Technet articles: Property List Editing;
Dynamic XAML -
Write message to Job log with message class and message number
hi folk,
When running a background job I'm able to write a message to the job log using the statement - Message "some text..." type 'I'.
In the Job log I can see the message "some text.." with a "default" message class and message number (but in my report i don't specify any message ID) so I have no idea it comes from.
Then I try to send a message where I specify the message class/number etc...using message id 'Z1' number 000 with "some text..." In the job log I now can see the "right" message class "Z1" and the number 000, but the message is empty?
Please advice how to write a message with the message class and message number.
Best regards
LinhNgHi Linh,
How did you provide the text "Some message"? Did you hard code it or used a text element?
Regards,
Immanuel.
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