Difference between srvctl and crsctl commands

may be I am wrong but I want to know what is the difference betweens stopping service using srvctl and crsctl utilities.
./crsctl stop resource <service.srv> –f
./crsctl stop resource ora.<service>.cs –f
and
srvctl stop service -d <database> -s <service>
Also what is the <servicename>.cs ? I know service.srv and its purpose but .cs resource.
Please share document or link wheren I can have more details of services.
Thanks
Bhanu

931804 wrote:
may be I am wrong but I want to know what is the difference betweens stopping service using srvctl and crsctl utilities.
./crsctl stop resource <service.srv> –f
./crsctl stop resource ora.<service>.cs –f
and
srvctl stop service -d <database> -s <service>
Also what is the <servicename>.cs ? I know service.srv and its purpose but .cs resource.
Please share document or link wheren I can have more details of services.
In a very generic way, CRSCTL commands would require a sudo access and the SRVCTL can be run by the grid or oracle user. I haven't checked the docs but as a guess, the +.cs+ would be cluster service as in RAC, everything runs as a service and in 11.2 as a resource.
HTH
Aman....

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Differences between Linux and Solaris command set

Hi,
It is complicated to learn Solaris? Is the set of commands the same of Linux?
It is because is more simple for me to find a Linux Admin book than a Solaris book.
Thanks.
Lorenzo

BTW: You might want to start with this peace if information:
http://wwws.sun.com/software/whitepapers/linux/linux_overview.pdf
One remark: this Blue/white paper is written for audience known to Solaris and new to Linux, but usefull the other way around.
Specially table 1 is very usefull !
Good luck, and Welcome as new Solaris Administrator.
Eric.

Difference Between Applet and Swing

Difference Between Applet and Swing

The advantages and disadvantages of both applets and Swing are the small fluffy elephants you get inside of every box. They're quite well trained and can skeletonize your neighbors' annoying pets upon command.

Difference between upgrdae and migration about oracle database

Difference between upgrdae and migration about oracle database
please give the comments

Well, the question is almost philosophic... 
In 9i, there is a Migration Guide whereas in 10g there is a Upgrade Guide. 
Furthermore, in 9i, there is the command line startup migrate whereas in 10g that's startup upgrade.
Somebody think upgrade when go to new release, and migration when go to new version. 
Others think upgrade when new version replace database in place, and migration when new version include a move of database. 
Another point of view is : upgrade is for technical, and migration for application/data. 
 
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Difference Between Shutdown and Close Database

Hi all,
Let say I want to start the instance of database with the following processes :
1. STARTUP MOUNT
2. ALTER DATABASE OPEN
With two commands above, now the database is open. Then, I want to close the database with command :
3. ALTER DATABASE CLOSE
After this, I want to reopen the database again by using this :
4. ALTER DATABASE OPEN
I know that it will produce an error because when the database is opened and closed, its lifetime has already ended, so we must shutdown it first.
My questions are :
1. What's the difference between CLOSE and SHUTDOWN ? Suppose in the case above, I want to close the database. Why don't I just type SHUTDOWN ? Why is it necessary for me to use command CLOSE instead of SHUTDOWN ?
2. What are the conditions of database when I CLOSE database, also, what are the conditions of database when I SHUTDOWN database ? I want to know more detail because I have tried to find in google, but now satisfying result
Thanks before
Edited by: cycon on Nov 8, 2010 9:00 AM

alter database close;this you can execute only from OPEN status
when ever you close the database it will go to mount status here you cannot open the database again, you need to clean sutdown and need to startup.
alter database open;ths you can execute only on MOUNT status, it will takes you to mount --> open status.
Thanks

What is the difference between ws_upload and gui_upload

what is the difference between ws_upload and gui_upload
what is the difference between ws_download and gui_down load
pls tell briefly

Hi Kuamr,
UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD, the function modules used until now are not part of the standard set of ABAP commands. They are used to display the file interface on the presentation server. UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD are not compatible with USs and have been replaced by GUI_UPLOAD and GUI_DOWNLOAD.
The new function modules, GUI_UPLOAD and GUI_DOWNLOAD, have an interface that also allows you to write Unicode format to the local hard drive. For a description of these interfaces, refer to the documentation for each function module, available under SAP Easy Access " Development " Function Builder " Goto " Documentation.
Instead of using the function modules, you can use the static methods GUI_UPLOAD and GUI_DOWNLOAD of the global class CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES.
Hope this resolves your query.
Reward all the helpful answers.
Regards

Differences between LSMW and BDC

Hi All
Please can you give me the few points about the differences between LSMW and BDC?
Awaiting for your Responce
Praveen

Hai Check with the following document
GOOD
THERE IS THREE TYPE OF METHOD IN BDC
BDC SESSION
CALL TRANSACTION
CALL DIALOG
What is BDC or batch input
The Batch Input is a SAP technic that allows automating the input in transactions. It lies on a BDC (Batch Data Commands) scenario.
BDC functions:
· BDC_OPEN_GROUP : Opens a session group
· BDC_CLOSE_GROUP : Closes a session
· BDC_INSERT : Insert a BDC scenario in the session
· The ABAP statement "CALL TRANSACTION" is also called to run directly a transaction from its BDC table.
It runs the program RSBDCSUB in order to launch automatically the session. The session management is done through the transaction code SM35.
The object itself is maintanable through the transaction SE24.
BDC methods:
Method
Description
Parameters
OPEN_SESSION
Opens a session
SUBRC (Return Code 0 OK)
SESSIONNAME (Session to be created)
CLOSE_SESSION
Closes a session
None
RESET_BDCDATA
Resets the BDC Internal Table...
None. Normally, for internal purpose
BDC_DYNPRO
Handles a new screen
PROGNAME (Name of the program)
DYNPRONR (Screen Number)
BDC_FIELD
Puts a value on the screen
FIELDNAME (Name of the field)
FIELDVALUE (Value to be passed)
CONSTRUCTOR
Constructor - Initializes NO_DATA
NODATA (No data character). The constructor is called automatically when the object is created.
RUN_SESSION
Launches a session with RSBDCBTC
None
CALL_TRANSACTION
Calls a transaction with the current BDC Data
MODE (Display Mode)
UPDATE (Update Mode)
TCODE (Transaction to be called)
BDC_INSERT
Inserts the BDC scenario in the session
TCODE (Transaction to be called)
BDC techniques used in programs:
1) Building a BDC table and calling a transaction,
2) Building a session and a set of BDC scenarios and keeping the session available in SM35,
3) Building a session and lauching the transaction right after closing the session.
BDC using Call Transaction
BDC using Call transaction involves calling an SAP transaction in back ground from within the ABAP
program. The process involves building an Internal BDC table containing the screen information needed to
execute the required transaction and then passing this to the Call transaction command (See code example).
The full procedure for creating a BDC program is as follows:
What is the difference between batch input and call transaction in BDC?
Session method.
1) synchronous processing.
2) can tranfer large amount of data.
3) processing is slower.
4) error log is created
5) data is not updated until session is processed.
Call transaction.
1) asynchronous processing
2) can transfer small amount of data
3) processing is faster.
4) errors need to be handled explicitly
5) data is updated automatically
BATINPUT/DIRECT INPUT
A: Batch-inputs can not be used to fill the "delivery due list" screen because it is not a dynpro. This is a standard SAP report. A SAP report (check with "System -> Status") may be called using SUBMIT sentence with the appropriate options . It is preferred to call a report than create a Batch-input program.
GO THROUGH THIS LINK
http://www.guidancetech.com/people/holland/sap/abap/zzsni001.htm
The LSM Workbench is an SAP R/3 based tool that supports the one-time or periodic transfer of data from non-SAP systems ("legacy systems") to SAP systems.
The LSM Workbench helps you to organize your data migration project and guides you through the process by using a clear sequence of steps.
The most common conversion rules are predefined. Reusable conversion rules assure consistent data conversion for different data objects.
LSMW vs DX Workbench
The LSM Workbench covers the following steps:
Read the legacy data from one or several files (e.g. spreadsheet tables, sequential files).
Convert the data from source format to target format.
Import the data using standard interfaces (Batch Input, Direct Input, BAPI, IDoc).
Experiences made in successful implementation projects have shown that using the LSM Workbench significantly contributes to accelerating data migration.
SAP provides this tool along with documentation to customers and partners free of charge.
Users of the LSM Workbench receive the usual support via SAP Net - R/3 Frontend (component BC-SRV-DX-LSM).
Releases:
Version 1.7.2 of the LSM Workbench ("LSMW 1.7.2") available
Attention : LSMW 1.7.2 requires an SAP R/3 system with SAP R/3 4.0 or SAP R/3 4.5.
Version 1.8.0 of the LSM Workbench (1.21mb) ("LSMW 1.8.0") available
Attention : LSMW 1.8.0 requires an SAP R/3 system with SAP R/3 4.6.
Version 3.0 of the LSM Workbench (1.89mb) ("LSMW 3.0") available for Web Application Server 6.10
Attention : LSMW 3.0 requires a SAP WAS 6.10. Functionality of version 1.7.2 and 3.0 are identical !
Version 4.0 of the LSM Workbench ("LSMW 4.0") integrated in Web Application Server 6.20
Attention : LSMW 4.0 is an integrated part of SAP WAS 6.20.
Thanks & regards
Sreenivasulu P
Message was edited by: Sreenivasulu Ponnadi

Differences between SLIN and Code Inspector

Hi,
Can anyone tell me the differences between SLIN and Code Inspector(SCI)..?
and in which cases we use SLIN and SCI..?
and as an ABAPer, which one should we prefer..?
Thanks,
Pradeep.

Hi
Extended syntax check or SLIN is used to check the program in all aspects for the different syntaxes like
When you use select single whether you have passed all the key fields or not>
whether you have maintained the text elements texts or not,
Have you used UNIT...CURRENCY along with the QTY and AMOUNT fields when displayed using the WRITE statement
and check for all the varities of statements used in the code, and if there is some problem with that statement/command, it will display as error or warning.
Check following links -
slin
can any one tell me abt SLIN T-CODE
Reward points if useful
Regards
Anji

Graph axes assignment: performance difference between ATTR_ACTIVE_XAXIS and ATTR_PLOT_XAXIS

Hi,
I am using a xy graph with both x axes and both y axes. There are two possibilities when adding a new plot:
1) PlotXY and SetPlotAttribute ( , , , ATTR_PLOT_XAXIS, );
2) SetCtrlAttribute ( , , ATTR_ACTIVE_XAXIS, ) and PlotXY
I tend to prefer the second method because I would assume it to be slightly faster, but what do the experts say?
Thanks!
Solved!
Go to Solution.

Hi Wolfgang,
thank you for your interesting question.
First of all I want to say, that generally spoken, using the command "SetCtrlAttribute"is the best way to handle with your elements. I would suggest using this command when ever it is possible.
Now, to your question regarding the performance difference between "SetCtrlAttribute" and "SetPlotAttribute".
I think the performance difference occures, because in the background of the "SetPlotAttribute" command, another function called "ProcessDrawEvents" is executed. This event refreshes your plot again and again in the function whereas in the "SetCtrlAttribute" the refreshing is done once after the function has been finished. This might be a possible reason.
For example you have a progress bar which shows you the progress of installing a driver:
"SetPlotAttribute" would show you the progress bar moving step by step until installing the driver is done.
"SetCtrlAttribute" would just show you an empty bar at the start and a full progress bar when the installing process is done.
I think it is like that but I can't tell you 100%, therefore I would need to ask our developers.
If you want, i can forward the question to them, this might need some times. Also, then I would need to know which version of CVI you are using.
Please let me now if you want me to forward your question.
Have a nice day,
Abduelkerim
Sales
NI Germany

Difference between exipre and obosolete

Hi ALL,
WHAT IS THE EXACT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN exipre and obosolete WITH REFERENCE RMAN.

afzal wrote:
Hi ALL,
WHAT IS THE EXACT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN exipre and obosolete WITH REFERENCE RMAN.As it was mentioned above, obsolete means that the backup is no longer needed according the retention policy. But the expired means that couldn't be found after CROSSCHECK command executed. See the following example. In this example the retention policy is set to redundancy 1 which means that the backup which have more than one copy, is marked as an obsolete. Then I delete a backup, run CROSSCHECK command and see that the deleted backup marked as EXPIRED
RMAN> show retention policy;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
RMAN> backup datafile 2;
RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
no obsolete backups found
RMAN> backup datafile 2;
RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle
Backup Set           1      30-JAN-11
Backup Piece       1      30-JAN-11          /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2011_01_30/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110130T131902_6nbc877l_.bkp
RMAN> list expired backup;
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@linux_server ~]$ rm -rf /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2011_01_30/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110130T131902_6nbc877l_.bkp
[oracle@linux_server ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> list expired backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2011_01_30/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110130T131902_6nbc877l_.bkp recid=1 stamp=741791943
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2011_01_30/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110130T131914_6nbc8lh0_.bkp recid=2 stamp=741791954
Crosschecked 2 objects
RMAN> list expired backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
1       Full    18.72M     DISK        00:00:03     30-JAN-11
        BP Key: 1   Status: EXPIRED Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110130T131902
        Piece Name: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2011_01_30/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110130T131902_6nbc877l_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time Name
2       Full 516141     30-JAN-11 /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
RMAN>

What is the difference between tkprof and explainplan

Hi,
what is the difference between tkprof and explainplan.

Execution Plans and the EXPLAIN PLAN Statement
Before the database server can execute a SQL statement, Oracle must first parse the statement and develop an execution plan. The execution plan is a task list of sorts that decomposes a potentially complex SQL operation into a series of basic data access operations. For example, a query against the dept table might have an execution plan that consists of an index lookup on the deptno index, followed by a table access by ROWID.
The EXPLAIN PLAN statement allows you to submit a SQL statement to Oracle and have the database prepare the execution plan for the statement without actually executing it. The execution plan is made available to you in the form of rows inserted into a special table called a plan table. You may query the rows in the plan table using ordinary SELECT statements in order to see the steps of the execution plan for the statement you explained. You may keep multiple execution plans in the plan table by assigning each a unique statement_id. Or you may choose to delete the rows from the plan table after you are finished looking at the execution plan. You can also roll back an EXPLAIN PLAN statement in order to remove the execution plan from the plan table.
The EXPLAIN PLAN statement runs very quickly, even if the statement being explained is a query that might run for hours. This is because the statement is simply parsed and its execution plan saved into the plan table. The actual statement is never executed by EXPLAIN PLAN. Along these same lines, if the statement being explained includes bind variables, the variables never need to actually be bound. The values that would be bound are not relevant since the statement is not actually executed.
You don’t need any special system privileges in order to use the EXPLAIN PLAN statement. However, you do need to have INSERT privileges on the plan table, and you must have sufficient privileges to execute the statement you are trying to explain. The one difference is that in order to explain a statement that involves views, you must have privileges on all of the tables that make up the view. If you don’t, you’ll get an “ORA-01039: insufficient privileges on underlying objects of the view” error.
The columns that make up the plan table are as follows:
Name Null? Type
STATEMENT_ID VARCHAR2(30)
TIMESTAMP DATE
REMARKS VARCHAR2(80)
OPERATION VARCHAR2(30)
OPTIONS VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NODE VARCHAR2(128)
OBJECT_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_INSTANCE NUMBER(38)
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(30)
OPTIMIZER VARCHAR2(255)
SEARCH_COLUMNS NUMBER
ID NUMBER(38)
PARENT_ID NUMBER(38)
POSITION NUMBER(38)
COST NUMBER(38)
CARDINALITY NUMBER(38)
BYTES NUMBER(38)
OTHER_TAG VARCHAR2(255)
PARTITION_START VARCHAR2(255)
PARTITION_STOP VARCHAR2(255)
PARTITION_ID NUMBER(38)
OTHER LONG
DISTRIBUTION VARCHAR2(30)
There are other ways to view execution plans besides issuing the EXPLAIN PLAN statement and querying the plan table. SQL*Plus can automatically display an execution plan after each statement is executed. Also, there are many GUI tools available that allow you to click on a SQL statement in the shared pool and view its execution plan. In addition, TKPROF can optionally include execution plans in its reports as well.
Trace Files and the TKPROF Utility
TKPROF is a utility that you invoke at the operating system level in order to analyze SQL trace files and generate reports that present the trace information in a readable form. Although the details of how you invoke TKPROF vary from one platform to the next, Oracle Corporation provides TKPROF with all releases of the database and the basic functionality is the same on all platforms.
The term trace file may be a bit confusing. More recent releases of the database offer a product called Oracle Trace Collection Services. Also, Net8 is capable of generating trace files. SQL trace files are entirely different. SQL trace is a facility that you enable or disable for individual database sessions or for the entire instance as a whole. When SQL trace is enabled for a database session, the Oracle server process handling that session writes detailed information about all database calls and operations to a trace file. Special database events may be set in order to cause Oracle to write even more specific information—such as the values of bind variables—into the trace file.
SQL trace files are text files that, strictly speaking, are human readable. However, they are extremely verbose, repetitive, and cryptic. For example, if an application opens a cursor and fetches 1000 rows from the cursor one row at a time, there will be over 1000 separate entries in the trace file.
TKPROF is a program that you invoke at the operating system command prompt in order to reformat the trace file into a format that is much easier to comprehend. Each SQL statement is displayed in the report, along with counts of how many times it was parsed, executed, and fetched. CPU time, elapsed time, logical reads, physical reads, and rows processed are also reported, along with information about recursion level and misses in the library cache. TKPROF can also optionally include the execution plan for each SQL statement in the report, along with counts of how many rows were processed at each step of the execution plan.
The SQL statements can be listed in a TKPROF report in the order of how much resource they used, if desired. Also, recursive SQL statements issued by the SYS user to manage the data dictionary can be included or excluded, and TKPROF can write SQL statements from the traced session into a spool file.
How EXPLAIN PLAN and TKPROF Aid in the Application Tuning Process
EXPLAIN PLAN and TKPROF are valuable tools in the tuning process. Tuning at the application level typically yields the most dramatic results, and these two tools can help with the tuning in many different ways.
EXPLAIN PLAN and TKPROF allow you to proactively tune an application while it is in development. It is relatively easy to enable SQL trace, run an application in a test environment, run TKPROF on the trace file, and review the output to determine if application or schema changes are called for. EXPLAIN PLAN is handy for evaluating individual SQL statements.
By reviewing execution plans, you can also validate the scalability of an application. If the database operations are dependent upon full table scans of tables that could grow quite large, then there may be scalability problems ahead. On the other hand, if large tables are accessed via selective indexes, then scalability may not be a problem.
EXPLAIN PLAN and TKPROF may also be used in an existing production environment in order to zero in on resource intensive operations and get insights into how the code may be optimized. TKPROF can further be used to quantify the resources required by specific database operations or application functions.
EXPLAIN PLAN is also handy for estimating resource requirements in advance. Suppose you have an ad hoc reporting request against a very large database. Running queries through EXPLAIN PLAN will let you determine in advance if the queries are feasible or if they will be resource intensive and will take unacceptably long to run.

What is the difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?

Hi,
What is the difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?
Best Regards,
Gopal

Hi,
Both upload and ws_upload does the same functionality, that is transfere data from presentation server to application server or from PC to SAP system(to an internal table).
There are very few difference between the two.
1 Upload requires a User Interaction for uploading i.e., user has to respond to the dialog boxes that appear WS_Upload does not. You just need to specify the file location in the function input parameters itself.
2 upload - u can give the file in run time wsupload - u have to give in Function module
3 upload is meant to be used by abappers. ws_upload is meant to be called by SAP. It is not a standard ABAP command.
4 ws_upload is Obsolete : No longer supported by SAP. Use GUI_UPLOAD instead.
The fm WS_UPLOAD was the first version of fm to get a file from presentation server, now from 4.6 it's obsolete, the new fm is GUI_UPLOAD.
The fm UPLOAD is the fm used in several applications, like ABAP editor, to upload the file.
In the some versions (it depends on patch level) UPLOAD can call WS_UPLOAD (or GUI_UPLOAD).
Last but not the least, 'upload' internally calls 'ws_upload', that's the difference.
Hope this would be helpful.
regards,
Varun.

What's the difference between tags and albums

I've always used tags, I don't really understand why you would use albums instead of tags.
Say I've got pictures of birds, I would apply the Bird tag.
Where exactly do albums come in?

Another thing to keep in mind with the differences between albums and tags.
Both albums and tags are stored in the catalogs.
Tags can be also stored in the picture files themselves; they can be accessed form your OS or other applications. They are still available if the catalog is missing or corrupt. The organizer does only 'write metadata' to files if you specifically issue this command. On the other hand, albums can't be saved in the files themselves. They are kinds of 'playlists' which can only be stored in catalogs. That's why it is important to backup regularly. The standard backup process saves the catalogs as well as the image files; if you use an external backup system, include the catalog folder (found with Menu Help/System information) as well in your backup procedure.

What is a difference between MB01 and MBST for GR Cancellation

Hi,
What is a difference between MB01 and MBST for GR Cancellation.
Regards,
Aditya

Hi,
MB01 is used for doing the GR for collective PO at a single instance.
This transaction will be utilize when an individual needs to create a material document. A material document can only be displayed or changed after it has been generated in the SAP system. In a computer based inventory management system, the principal of "no posting without a document" applies. A material document is generated and stored in the SAP system for every transaction that causes a change in stock.
As mentioned, when a goods movement is posted a material document is created. It serves as proof of the movement If the movement updates a G/L account; an accounting document is also created. The material and accounting document s are identified by unique document numbers
Once you have posted a goods movement, you cannot change material numbers, quantities or account numbers in the material document. You can however use the Change command to enter additional or change text information such as comments or references. To reverse the movement or change a quantity, a new transaction must be performed.
MBST:-
Perform this transaction when a previously performed goods issue must be cancelled due to an error in data entry or other circumstances deem the previous transaction unnecessary.
Prerequisites:-
A previously played transaction that requires cancellation.
An existing Material Document in SAP.
This Transaction will be utilized when an individual needs to cancel a material document due to a data entry error or other circumstances deem a previous transaction unnecessary. A material document can only be cancelled after it has been generated in the SAP system. A material document is generated and stored in the SAP system for every transaction that causes a change in stock.
Performing this transaction will "undo" a previous transaction by reversing individual line items in a material document or by reversing an entire material document. This transaction will reinstate the affected cost center, purchase order or stock location to the state they were in prior to playing the original transaction.
Regards,
Archit

Difference between closing and minimising?

What is the difference between closing and minimising an application on a Mac?
I am new to Macs and on Windows 'close' actually closes and quits the app and 'minimise', err, minimises it to the task bar.
On a Mac close and minimise seem to do roughly the same thing. Close does not shut down the
app, quit does! So why would I close and not minimise or vice-versa?
I'm confused!!

Use minimize when you don't want to lose what's in a current window, but you do want to get it off your desktop for the moment because you need something else that's there. So it's minimized to the dock. For example, you're in Safari, but you're working in Word too, and you need space for a couple of Word's windows, so you put Safari into the background by minimizing it.
You close a window when you're done with it. You don't need what's in it anymore, but you're not done with the program that created it. Say you're in Word editing a document, you print it, you save it, and now you're done with it. So you close it. But unlike Windows, that doesn't make it quit Word, because you were actually going to work on another document, and if Word closed you'd have to launch it all over again.
When you're done with a window, you close it. When you're done with an application, you quit it. When you want to temporarily move a window off your desktop, you minimize it.
You can also hide an application's windows using command-H. It's still running, but all its windows are gone until you click on the application's dock icon again.
Hope that helps.

Difference between srvctl and crsctl commands

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