How to refer to a protected class outside the enclosing package

Question

Hi all,
At the page 357 of the book Java Language Specification(Second Edition), when saying about checking accessibility of Type and Method, they concern Let C be the class containing the method invovation T.m, if T is in a different package than C, and T is protected then T is accessible if and only if C is a subclass of T. I just wonder how to refer a protected type outside the package it declared.
For example,
package test;
public class test {
static protected class protectedTest {
public void foo() {..}
in another package
import test.*;
class subtest extends test.protectedTest {  <- error
Anyone can give me an example showing an invocation directly to foo() declared in class test.protectedTest ? The invocation should appear outside package test.
Thanks,
Ha Chau

Answer 1

The protected inner class would be accesible only within a class which extends test, where you could either use or extend it as in:
class subtest extends test {
    private static class sub2 extends protectedTest {
           }