I18n - how to add support for more languages (CQ 5.4)

Question

I have a number of questions around adding support for more languages. We are already using multiple languages and would like to add more.
1. Standard languages provided
in /libs/wcm/core/i18n I can see the standard ootb languages for CQ 5.4: de es fr it ja zh-cn
How can I add more? Are there additional language packages provided by Adobe for CQ 5.4?
2. Translator tool
We have our own additional keys/strings in
  /apps/site/i18n/publish
When I open these with the translator tool
  /libs/cq/i18n/translator.html
as admin, I can see them all just fine.
However when I open them as another user, I only see the columns of the languages defined in /libs/wcm/core/i18n
There is a description how to extend this for 5.5 here:
http://dev.day.com/docs/en/cq/5-5/developing/cq5-translator.html#Changing%20Languages%20Li sted%20in%20the%20Grid
and I have added the languages to /etc/languages in the "languages" property, but this does not work with 5.4 apparently (at least as far as I have tried).
I still only get the default languages from /libs/wcm/core/i18n despite the other languages being there in
  /apps/site/i18n/publish
and as admin I can see and edit them.
How do I make them visible and editable for other users?
3. Tags
When editing the translations of tags, I want all the possible languages to appear in the dialog box for editors.
I have extended the "languages" property in /etc/tags and this works basically fine (as expected) as described in:
http://dev.day.com/docs/en/cq/5-5/developing/cq5-translator.html#Changing%20Language%20Nam es%20and%20Default%20Countries
The desired language must be supported and listed in:
  /libs/wcm/core/resources/languages
I want to use a 2-letter iso code (e.g. "no" for Norway") and this desired 2-letter iso code must exist as a node. If that is not the case and only nodes with locales exist (e.g. "no_no" and "no_no_ny") then a 2-letter node must be created with a default setting pointing to the default locale.
I have tried this and it works fine as expected when the default language node is created in
  /libs/wcm/core/resources/languages
But /libs is a system folder that should not be modified, it could be potentially overwritten by Adobe packages.
The 5.5 docs say to create the node in
  /apps/wcm/core/resources/languages
instead, but this did not work for me in CQ 5.4 and I could find no other docs describing a process for 5.4
How to do this properly in 5.4?

Answer 1

Thanks for that hint, I checked it and the user does have read access to /etc/languages and /etc/tags and also /libs
So it seems the only workaround would be to create dummy nodes in /libs/wcm/core/i18n - which I did with a script (to be able to repeat after installation of hotfixes/and updates).
So for example for Norwegian:
# set default 2-letter node for norway (since it is missing)
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/resources/languages/no" -d 'jcr:primaryType@TypeHint=Name' -d 'jcr:primaryType=nt:unstructured' -isS | grep HTTP
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/resources/languages/no" -d 'country=*' -isS | grep HTTP
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/resources/languages/no" -d 'defaultCountry=no_no' -isS | grep HTTP
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/resources/languages/no" -d 'language=Norwegian' -isS | grep HTTP
# set dummy node for missing languages in /libs/wcm/core/i18n
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/i18n/no" -d 'jcr:primaryType@TypeHint=Name' -d 'jcr:primaryType=nt:folder' -isS | grep HTTP
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/i18n/no" -d 'jcr:mixinTypes@TypeHint=Name[]' -d 'jcr:mixinTypes=mix:language' -isS | grep HTTP
curl -u "admin:${PASS}" -X POST "http://${SERVER_IP}:${PORT}/libs/wcm/core/i18n/no" -d 'jcr:language=no' -isS | grep HTTP
This does create a proper dummy node (which is otherwise empty) in /libs/wcm/core/i18n
But unfortunately the Norwegian language still does not show up in the translator tool /libs/cq/i18n/translator.html
Only the standard languages show for my user.
Admin user does see all langauges we have in /apps/site/i18n/publish (but that was already the case before) - so I assume it must be some permissions are missing. I also tried giving that user modify+create permissions to /apps/site/i18n/publish but that did not make any difference.
Any other ideas what could be missing?