Join on Large Table

Question

I have some queries that use an inner join between a table with a few hundred rows and a table that will eventually have many millions of rows. The join is on an integer value that is part of the primary key on the larger table. The primary key
on said table consists of the integer and another field which is a BigInt (representing Date/time to the millisecond). The query also has  predicate (where clause) with an exact match for the BigInt.
The query take about a second to execute at the moment but I was wondering whether I should expect a large increase in execution time as the years go by.
Is an inner join on the large table advisable?
By the way, the first field in the primary key is the integer followed by the BigInt, so any thought of selecting on the BigInt into temp table before attempting the join probably won't help.
R Campbell

Answer 1

Just in case anyone wants to see the full picture (which I am not actually expecting) this is a script for all SQL objects involved.
The numbers of rows in the tables are.
Tags 5,000
NumericSamples millions (over time)
TagGroups 50
GroupTags 500
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Tags](
[ID] [int] NOT NULL,
[TagName] [nvarchar](110) NOT NULL,
[Address] [nvarchar](80) NULL,
[DataTypeID] [smallint] NOT NULL,
[DatasourceID] [smallint] NOT NULL,
[Location] [nvarchar](4000) NULL,
[Properties] [nvarchar](4000) NULL,
[LastReadSampleTime] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[Archived] [bit] NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [Tags_ID_PK] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [Tags_DatasourceID_Datasources_ID_FK] FOREIGN KEY([DatasourceID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Datasources] ([ID])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] CHECK CONSTRAINT [Tags_DatasourceID_Datasources_ID_FK]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [Tags_DataTypeID_DataTypes_ID_FK] FOREIGN KEY([DataTypeID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[DataTypes] ([ID])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] CHECK CONSTRAINT [Tags_DataTypeID_DataTypes_ID_FK]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Tags_LastReadSampleTime] DEFAULT ((552877956000000000.)) FOR [LastReadSampleTime]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tags] ADD DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [Archived]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[NumericSamples](
[TagID] [int] NOT NULL,
[SampleDateTime] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[SampleValue] [float] NULL,
[QualityID] [smallint] NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [NumericSamples_TagIDSampleDateTime_PK] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
[TagID] ASC,
[SampleDateTime] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[NumericSamples] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [NumericSamples_QualityID_Qualities_ID_FK] FOREIGN KEY([QualityID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Qualities] ([ID])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[NumericSamples] CHECK CONSTRAINT [NumericSamples_QualityID_Qualities_ID_FK]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[NumericSamples] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [NumericSamples_TagID_Tags_ID_FK] FOREIGN KEY([TagID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Tags] ([ID])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[NumericSamples] CHECK CONSTRAINT [NumericSamples_TagID_Tags_ID_FK]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TagGroups](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[TagGroup] [varchar](50) NULL,
[Aggregates] [varchar](250) NULL,
[NumericData] [bit] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_TagGroups] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TagGroups] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Tag_Groups_Aggregates] DEFAULT ('First') FOR [Aggregates]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TagGroups] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_TagGroups_NumericData] DEFAULT ((1)) FOR [NumericData]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[GroupTags](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[TagGroupID] [int] NULL,
[TagName] [varchar](150) NULL,
[ColumnName] [varchar](50) NULL,
[SortOrder] [int] NULL,
[TotalFactor] [float] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_GroupTags] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[GroupTags] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_GroupTags_TagGroups] FOREIGN KEY([TagGroupID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[TagGroups] ([ID])
ON UPDATE CASCADE
ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[GroupTags] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_GroupTags_TagGroups]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[GroupTags] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_GroupTags_TotalFactor] DEFAULT ((1)) FOR [TotalFactor]
GO
CREATE VIEW [dbo].[vw_GroupTags]
AS
SELECT TOP (10000) dbo.TagGroups.TagGroup AS TableName, dbo.TagGroups.Aggregates AS SortOrder, dbo.GroupTags.SortOrder AS TagIndex, dbo.GroupTags.TagName,
dbo.Tags.ID AS TagId, dbo.TagGroups.NumericData, dbo.GroupTags.TotalFactor, dbo.GroupTags.ColumnName
FROM dbo.TagGroups INNER JOIN
dbo.GroupTags ON dbo.TagGroups.ID = dbo.GroupTags.TagGroupID INNER JOIN
dbo.Tags ON dbo.GroupTags.TagName = dbo.Tags.TagName
ORDER BY SortOrder, TagIndex
CREATE procedure [dbo].[GetTagTableValues]
@SampleDateTime bigint,
@TableName varchar(50),
@PadRows int = 0
as
BEGIN
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @ResultSet table(TagName varchar(150), SampleValue float, ColumnName varchar(50), SortOrder int, TagIndex int)
set @i = 0
INSERT INTO @ResultSet
SELECT vw_GroupTags.TagName, NumericSamples.SampleValue, vw_GroupTags.ColumnName, vw_GroupTags.SortOrder, vw_GroupTags.TagIndex
FROM vw_GroupTags INNER JOIN NumericSamples ON vw_GroupTags.TagId = NumericSamples.TagID
WHERE (vw_GroupTags.TableName = @TableName) AND (NumericSamples.SampleDateTime = @SampleDateTime)
set @i = @@ROWCOUNT
if @i < @PadRows
BEGIN
WHILE @i < @PadRows
BEGIN
INSERT @ResultSet (TagName, SampleValue, ColumnName, SortOrder, TagIndex) VALUES ('', NULL, '', 0, 0)
set @i = @i + 1
END
END
select TagName, SampleValue, ColumnName, SortOrder, TagIndex
from @ResultSet
END
R Campbell