Newbie need help wtih Java Applet noinit error

Hi, i am having problem with a making this java applet application run, i am new to java but i am sure that my coding is right, because this what i typed from my java class book. Don't know why when i try to run it is say at the bottom of the windows explorer, "applet class name "noinit"". The code is listed below maybe someone could help me figure this out. I used NetBean to compile it, also I have the latest version of java but could not find a applet that come with the newest version of java so I'm using the j2sdk1.4.2_11 applet, and have added it to my system environment path. Maybe that could be the problem if so where do i get the newest version of the applet, because without doing what i did i could run applets in the first place. My other sample applet sample (demo's) that come with Java runs fine without any problem. Only when i run mine i get the message, "applet class name noinit".
HTML file:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>Welcome Applet</title>
</head>
<!-- Used to load the Java .class file -->
<applet code="WelcomeApplet.class" width="300" height="45">
alt="Your browser understands the <;APPLET> tag but isn't running the applet, for some reason."
     Your browser is completely ignoring the <APPLET> tag!
</applet>
<body>
</body>
</html>Java code:
/* Fig. 3.6: WelcomeApplet.java
*  My first applet in Java
* Created on May 2, 2006, 2:50 AM
// Java packages
package appletjavafig3_6;
import java.awt.Graphics;   // import class Graphics
import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet
public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet {
    public WelcomeApplet(){
    // 3rd method that is called by default
    // draw text on applets's background
    public void paint( Graphics g)
        // call superclass version of method paint
        super.paint(g);
        // draw a String at x-coordinate 25 and y coordinate 25
        g.drawString("Welcome to Java Programming!", 25,25);
    } // end method paint
} // WelcomeApplet

Hi,
Your applet code in the html should be
<applet code="appletjavafig3_6.WelcomeApplet" width="300" height="45">
alt="Your browser understands the <;APPLET> tag but isn't running the applet, for some reason."
     Your browser is completely ignoring the <APPLET> tag!
</applet>As the class is inside a package named appletjavafig3_6, put the class file inside a folder named appletjavafig3_6. Put the html file outside this folder and test it.

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    /usr/lib/dld.sl: Unresolved symbol: do_out__Q2_3std14codecvt_bynameXTwTcT9mbstate_t_CFR9mbstate_tPCwT2RPCwPcT5RPc (code) from /cs/prohome/lib/libcsue.sl.v5
    /usr/lib/dld.sl: Unresolved symbol: __dt__15_HPMutexWrapperFv (code) from /cs/prohome/lib/libcsue.sl.v5
    /usr/lib/dld.sl: Unresolved symbol: do_in__Q2_3std14codecvt_bynameXTwTcT9mbstate_t_CFR9mbstate_tPCcT2RPCcPwT5RPw (code) from /cs/prohome/lib/libcsue.sl.v5
    /usr/lib/dld.sl: Unresolved symbol: __dt__Q3_3std8ios_base4InitFv (code) from /cs/prohome/lib/libcsue.sl.v5
    ABORT instruction (core dumped)

    hi jonas..
    thanks for the reply. actually I set SHLIB_PATH on HP UX which is the equivalent of LD_LIBRARY_PATH and i'm trying to load the library using
    System.loadLibrary(..) and i type out the path using System.getProperty to make sure that the path to the library is included.
    but still i'm getting the error.
    i'd appreciate any suggestions.
    thanks in advance.

  • Helpdesk Agent Needs help with JAVA applet not loading for HTTPS site

    Sorry....I am posting here as I do not know where to start.
    JAVA Console Message. The applet runs via HTTP URL but will not load via HTTPS. Any idea would be much appreciated.
    load: class com.ebreviate.auction.applet.TickerTape.class not found.
    java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ebreviate.auction.applet.TickerTape.class
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.loadCode(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.createApplet(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.createApplet(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.runLoader(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    Caused by: java.io.IOException: open HTTP connection failed.
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.getBytes(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
         ... 10 more
    Exception in thread "Thread-7" java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletException(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.runLoader(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletStatus(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    Exception in thread "thread applet-com.ebreviate.auction.applet.TickerTape.class" java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletException(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    load: class com.ebreviate.auction.applet.graph.LineGraph.class not found.
    java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ebreviate.auction.applet.graph.LineGraph.class
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.loadCode(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.createApplet(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.createApplet(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.runLoader(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    Caused by: java.io.IOException: open HTTP connection failed.
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.getBytes(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
         ... 10 more
    Exception in thread "Thread-6" java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletException(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.runLoader(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletStatus(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
    Exception in thread "thread applet-com.ebreviate.auction.applet.graph.LineGraph.class" java.lang.NullPointerException
         at sun.plugin.util.GrayBoxPainter.showLoadingError(Unknown Source)
         at sun.plugin.AppletViewer.showAppletException(Unknown Source)
         at sun.applet.AppletPanel.run(Unknown Source)
         at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

    I am repeating the question that RHM submitted...has anyone found a solution to this issue...Applet com.pogo.client.jvmtest.applet started. I was not having a problem and then out of no where on Sept. 13 my game rooms failed to load and this message started appearing. I have done everything asked of me to clear files both Internet and Java, to uninstall, re-install, etc...nothing works. Does anyone have an answer for a very non technical user?

  • MacBook - Newbie: Need help on printing wirelessly to XP shared printer

    MacBook - Newbie: Need help on printing to XP shared printer
    Bear with me please. I read tons of articles on this but somehow as a newbie to MAC (girlfriends sick daughter), I am missing something. 10.5.2
    Currently, she can print directly if we plug in the HP Deskjet printer directly via USB to the MACBook. No problem.
    When we first got the MACBOOK I tried setting up the MACBOOK wirelessly to recognize the workgroup where the printer was attached via USB to the Windows XP PC. However it printed out garbage since I did not know there was a difference between XP printing and MAC (Gutenberg/gimp printing/drivers).
    Now I know there is a difference.
    But in reading various instructions, I no longer can find how to connect the MAC to the Windows workgroup. Note we do have a printer set up currently as USB-HP Deskjet on the Macbook (not sure I need to delete it yet).
    I went to System Preferences on MACBOOK and clicked on printers, more printers. In the drop down box was CANON, APPLETALK, IP HP printing and Firewire. There was no WINDOWS selection as I saw in other online web instructions.
    So not sure how to proceed to find a way to:
    1. Connect to Windows workgroup (click on what exactly), step by step please!!
    2. Add correct HP Deskjet 5490 printer (perhaps there is one with Gutenberg or perhaps I need Gutenprint-really not sure what I am talking about)
    Thanks so much in advance. Fiancé's kid has had her cancer recur in a different place and someone was nice enough to buy her a MACBOOK as a gift.
    Sincerely
    Peter

    ccarbery wrote:
    OK...I figured it out...no need to reply.  I noticed that there was another Protocol to use to set up the printer on the Mac, I was using LPD, so I switched it to HP Jet Direct-socket, and it prints fine...thanks.  I am curious as to why LPD wouldn't work; if anyone has that answer I would like to know...thanks
    Any chance of posting the Protocol you used to connect to your printer with your laptop?  I'm have the exact same problem printing from my MB.  Same error message "..is busy".

  • I need help getting past the installation error "windows cannot fint TEMP file"

    I need help getting past the installation error "windows cannot find TEMP file"

    Seems like some who have tried two devices on the JMICRON IDE port have had trouble. Try without the hard drive and see if you get that error. If that is the case I would try a PATA to SATA converter for your hard drive and connect it to one of the Intel SATA Ports.
    http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16812107112
    http://www.amazon.com/ADDONICS-IDE-SERIAL-CONVERTER-ADIDESA/dp/B000090169
    http://www.compusa.com/products/product_info.asp?product_code=339900#ts
    http://www.xpcgear.com/ide2sata.html
    http://www.ubuyitdirect.com/-p-1045.html?currency=USD
    http://www.satasite.com/sata-ide-converter.htm
    http://www.pcgears.com/default.aspx?oid=187150
     

  • Newbie needs help on compiling error

    I'm reading java 2 programming for dummies, but can't get this example working. I get an error on line 4, but when I remove 'public' from in front of 'class', Iexplore tells me I need a public constructor. I also get errors on line 94 and 98 where the compilator says that the java.awt.Component has been deprecated. I have no clue what that means..
    Please help me! I'm stuck...
    Here is my code:
    /*line 0*/
    import java.applet.Applet;
    import java.awt.*;
    public class PixApplet extends Applet{
         public void init() {
              Rectgl r = new Rectgl(10,5,Color.red);
              Square s = new Square(10,Color.blue);
              Circle c = new Circle(20,Color.yellow);
              Square s2 = new Square(40,Color.green);
              add(r);
              add(s);
              add(c);
              add(s2);
              add(new PixLabel(r));
              add(new PixLabel(s));
              add(new PixLabel(c));
              add(new PixLabel(s2));
    /*Rectgl*/
    class Rectgl extends Pix {
         /*Constructor*/
         public Rectgl(int width, int height, Color c) {
              myDimension.width = width;
              myDimension.height = height;
              setColor(c);
         /*Draw shape*/
         public void Paint(Graphics g) {
              g.fillRect(0,0,myDimension.width,myDimension.height);
         /*Return area*/
         public double getArea() {
              return (myDimension.width * myDimension.height);
         /*Return perimeter */
         public double getPerimeter() {
              return (myDimension.width + myDimension.height) * 2;
         /*Return kind of shape*/
         public String getKind() {
              return "Rectangle";
    /*Square*/
    class Square extends Rectgl {
         /*Constructor*/
         public Square(int side,Color c) {
              super(side,side,c);
         /*Return kind of shape*/
         public String getKind() {
              return "Square";
    abstract class Pix extends Canvas {
         Dimension myDimension = new Dimension();
         /*Constructor*/
         public void Pix() {
         /*Set object's forground color*/
         public void setColor(Color c) {
              setForeground(c);
         public void paint(Graphics g) {
         public double getArea() {
              return 0;
         public double getPerimeter() {
              return 0;
         public String getKind() {
              return "unknown shape";
    /*line 93*/
         public Dimension preferredSize() {
              return myDimension;
    /*line 97*/
         public Dimension minimumSize() {
              return myDimension;
    class Circle extends Pix {
         private int myRadius;
         /*Constructor*/
         public Circle(int radius, Color c) {
              myRadius = radius;
              setColor(c);
              myDimension.height = myDimension.width = 2 * radius;
         /*Draw shape*/
         public void paint(Graphics g) {
              g.fillArc(0,0,(2 * myRadius),(2 * myRadius),0,360);
         /*Return area*/
         public double getArea() {
              return (Math.PI * (myRadius * myRadius));
         /*Return perimeter*/
         public double getPerimeter() {
              return 2 * Math.PI * myRadius;
         /*Return kind of shape*/
         public String getKind() {
              return "Circle";
    class PixLabel extends TextArea {
         /*Constructor*/
         public PixLabel(Pix s) {
              super( "I am a " + s.getKind() + "\nMy perimeter is " + Double.toString(s.getPerimeter()) + "\nMy area is " + Double.toString(s.getArea()),3,15,SCROLLBARS_NONE);
    }

    OK. You do not need to worry too much about the deprecated messages. They are only warnings and will not stop the program compiling.
    What is the name of the java file that your code is in. It should be PixApplet.java
    How are you compiling it, something like
    javac *.java or javac PixApplet.java
    What is the error you get when you try to compile

  • Need help with Java, have a few questions about my Applet

    Purpose of the program: To create a mortgage calculator that will allow the user to input the loan principal then select 1 of 3 choices from a combo-box (7 years @ 5.35%, 15 years @ 5.50%, 30 years @ 5.75%).
    Problem: My program was working properly (so I thought). I can get the program to properly compile and run through TextPad. However, I noticed that when the user clicks the calculate more than once (with the same input), it slightly alters the output calculations. So that is my first question, Why is it doing that?  How can I get it only calculate that information once unless the user changes it etc?
    My next question is regarding my exit button. I was told by my instructor (who has already stated he won't help any of us) that my exit button does not work for an applet and only for an application. So, how can I create an exit button that will work with an applet? I thought I did it right but I can't find any resources online for this.
    Next question, why isn't my program properly validating invalid input? My program should only allow numeric input and nothing more.
    And last question, when invalid input is entered and the user clicks calculate, why isn't my JOptionPane window for error messages not displaying?
    I know my code is a little long so I have to post this in two messages. Please don't criticize me for what I am doing, that is why I am learning and have come to this forum for help. Thanks
    import java.applet.Applet;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.text.NumberFormat;
    import java.text.DecimalFormat;
    // Creating the main class
    public class test extends JApplet implements ActionListener
         // Defining of format information
         JLabel heading = new JLabel("McBride Financial Services Mortgage Calculator");
         Font newFontOne = new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, 20);
         Font newFontTwo = new Font("TimesRoman", Font.ITALIC, 16);
         Font newFontThree = new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, 16);
         Font newFontFour = new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, 14);
         JButton calculate = new JButton("Calculate");
         JButton exitButton = new JButton("Quit");
         JButton clearButton = new JButton("Clear");
         JLabel instructions = new JLabel("Please Enter the Principal Amount Below");
         JLabel instructions2 = new JLabel("and Select a Loan Type from the Menu");
         // Declaration of variables
         private double principalAmount;
         private JLabel principalLabel = new JLabel("Principal Amount");
         private NumberFormat principalFormat;
         private JTextField enterPrincipal = new JTextField(10);
         private double finalPayment;
         private JLabel monthlyPaymentLabel = new JLabel("  Monthly Payment    \t         Interest Paid    \t \t            Loan Balance");
         private NumberFormat finalPaymentFormat;
         private JTextField displayMonthlyPayment = new JTextField(10);
         private JTextField displayInterestPaid = new JTextField(10);
         private JTextField displayBalance = new JTextField(10);
         // Creation of the String of arrays for the ComboBox
         String [] list = {"7 Years @ 5.35%", "15 Years @ 5.50%", "30 Years @ 5.75%"};
         JComboBox selections = new JComboBox(list);
         // Creation of the textArea that will display the output
         private TextArea txtArea = new TextArea(5, 10);
         StringBuffer buff = null;
              Edited by: LoveMyAJ on Jan 19, 2009 1:49 AM

    // Initializing the interface
         public void init()
              // Creation of the panel design and fonts
              JPanel upper = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel middle = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel lower = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaOne = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaTwo = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaThree = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaFour = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaFive = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              JPanel areaSix = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
              Container con = getContentPane();
              getContentPane().add(upper, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              getContentPane().add(middle, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              getContentPane().add(lower, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
              upper.add(areaOne, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              middle.add(areaTwo, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              middle.add(areaThree, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              middle.add(areaFour, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
              lower.add(areaFive, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              lower.add(areaSix, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
              heading.setFont(newFontOne);
              instructions.setFont(newFontTwo);
              instructions2.setFont(newFontTwo);
              principalLabel.setFont(newFontThree);
              monthlyPaymentLabel.setFont(newFontFour);
              displayInterestPaid.setFont(newFontFour);
              displayBalance.setFont(newFontFour);
              areaOne.add(heading, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              areaOne.add(instructions, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              areaOne.add(instructions2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
              areaTwo.add(principalLabel, BorderLayout.WEST);
              areaTwo.add(enterPrincipal, BorderLayout.EAST);
              areaThree.add(selections, BorderLayout.NORTH);
              areaFour.add(calculate, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              areaFour.add(exitButton, BorderLayout.EAST);
              areaFour.add(clearButton, BorderLayout.WEST);
              areaFive.add(monthlyPaymentLabel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              areaSix.add(txtArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
              // Using the ActionListener to determine when each button is clicked
              calculate.addActionListener(this);
              exitButton.addActionListener(this);
              clearButton.addActionListener(this);
              enterPrincipal.requestFocus();
              selections.addActionListener(this);
         // The method that will perform specific actions defined below
         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
              Object source = e.getSource();
              buff = new StringBuffer();
              // Outcome of pressing the calculate button
              if (source == calculate)
                   // Used to call upon the user chosen selection
                   int selection = selections.getSelectedIndex();
                   // If statement to call upon Loan One's Method
                   if (selection == 0)
                        Double data = (Double)calculateLoanOne();
                        String sourceInput = data.toString();
                        displayMonthlyPayment.setText(sourceInput);
                        txtArea.setText(buff.toString());
                   // If statement to call upon Loan Two's Method
                   else if (selection == 1)
                        Double data = (Double)calculateLoanTwo();
                        String sourceInput = data.toString();
                        displayMonthlyPayment.setText(sourceInput);
                        txtArea.setText(buff.toString());
                   // If statement to call upon Loan Three's Method
                   else if (selection == 2)
                        Double data = (Double)calculateLoanThree();
                        String sourceInput = data.toString();
                        displayMonthlyPayment.setText(sourceInput);
                        txtArea.setText(buff.toString());
                   // Outcome of pressing the clear button
                   else if (source == clearButton)
                        enterPrincipal.setText("");
                        displayMonthlyPayment.setText("");
                        selections.setSelectedIndex(0);
                        txtArea.setText("");
                   // Outcome of pressing the quit button
                   else if (source == exitButton)
                        System.exit(1);
         // Method used to validate user input
         private static boolean validate(JTextField in)
              String inText = in.getText();
              char[] charInput = inText.toCharArray();
              for(int i = 0; i < charInput.length; i++)
                   int asciiVal = (int)charInput;
              if((asciiVal >= 48 && asciiVal <= 57) || asciiVal == 46)
              else
                   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Invalid Character, Please Use Numeric Values Only");
                   return false;
                   return true;

  • NEED HELP COMPILING AN APPLET AND FIXING AN ERROR

    Hi this is my applet that i am having a problem compiling.
    import java.applet.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    public class Texts2 extends Applet
         TextArea source;
         TextArea destination;
         Button copy;
         public void init()
              source = new TextArea(10,30);
              add(source);
              copy = new Button("Copy ->");
              add(copy);
              destination = new TextArea(10,30);
              add(destination);
              validate();
         public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg)
              String temp;
              if(evt.target == copy)
                   temp = source.getSelectedText();
                   if (destination.getText() =="")
                        destination.setText(temp);
                   else
                        destination.append(temp);
    }Here is the full error message after i have typed javac Texts2.java in the command prompt:
    Texts2.java:34: missing return statement.
    Note: Texts2.java uses or overides a deprecated API.
    Note: Recompile with -Xlint deprecation for details.
    1 error
    What is the missing return statement?
    What does Recompile with -Xlint deprecation for details mean?
    How do i do this?
    Rafeeq
    Edited by: rafeeq on Jan 9, 2008 1:42 PM

    duffymo wrote:
    you've got three notes, all with the caps lock on, asking for the same lame advice.Actually it was four notes.
    @rafeeq
    Here's another tutorial
    http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/reallybigindex.html
    comeback when you learn the basics.

  • My Mac keeps crashing--a newbie needs help

    Lately, my Mac keeps crashing.  It's an iMac, with the most recent updates of Yosemite.
    I'll be working, I might have several things open, and then suddenly the screen will go black and I'll have the notification that it shut down and push to restart.
    It has happened more than several times now, and I can't remember if it started doing it before Yosemite or not.
    Not sure how to search out the problems, it's my first Mac.  Are to many things open?  There's no crash report when I restart.
    thanks!

    Mac users often ask whether they should install "anti-virus" software. The answer usually given on ASC is "no." The answer is right, but it may give the wrong impression that there is no threat from what are loosely called "viruses." There  is a threat, and you need to educate yourself about it.
    1. This is a comment on what you should—and should not—do to protect yourself from malicious software ("malware") that circulates on the Internet and gets onto a computer as an unintended consequence of the user's actions. It does not apply to software, such as keystroke loggers, that may be installed deliberately by an intruder who has hands-on access to the computer, or who has been able to take control of it remotely. That threat is in a different category, and there's no easy way to defend against it.
    The comment is long because the issue is complex. The key points are in sections 5, 6, and 10.
    OS X now implements three layers of built-in protection specifically against malware, not counting runtime protections such as execute disable, sandboxing, system library randomization, and address space layout randomization that may also guard against other kinds of exploits.
    2. All versions of OS X since 10.6.7 have been able to detect known Mac malware in downloaded files, and to block insecure web plugins. This feature is transparent to the user. Internally Apple calls it "XProtect."
    The malware recognition database used by XProtect is automatically updated; however, you shouldn't rely on it, because the attackers are always at least a day ahead of the defenders.
    The following caveats apply to XProtect:
    ☞ It can be bypassed by some third-party networking software, such as BitTorrent clients and Java applets.
    ☞ It only applies to software downloaded from the network. Software installed from a CD or other media is not checked.
    As new versions of OS X are released, it's not clear whether Apple will indefinitely continue to maintain the XProtect database of older versions such as 10.6. The security of obsolete system versions may eventually be degraded. Security updates to the code of obsolete systems will stop being released at some point, and that may leave them open to other kinds of attack besides malware.
    3. Starting with OS X 10.7.5, there has been a second layer of built-in malware protection, designated "Gatekeeper" by Apple. By default, applications and Installer packages downloaded from the network will only run if they're digitally signed by a developer with a certificate issued by Apple. Software certified in this way hasn't necessarily been tested by Apple, but you can be reasonably sure that it hasn't been modified by anyone other than the developer. His identity is known to Apple, so he could be held legally responsible if he distributed malware. That may not mean much if the developer lives in a country with a weak legal system (see below.)
    Gatekeeper doesn't depend on a database of known malware. It has, however, the same limitations as XProtect, and in addition the following:
    ☞ It can easily be disabled or overridden by the user.
    ☞ A malware attacker could get control of a code-signing certificate under false pretenses, or could simply ignore the consequences of distributing codesigned malware.
    ☞ An App Store developer could find a way to bypass Apple's oversight, or the oversight could fail due to human error.
    Apple has so far failed to revoke the codesigning certificates of some known abusers, thereby diluting the value of Gatekeeper and the Developer ID program. These failures don't involve App Store products, however.
    For the reasons given, App Store products, and—to a lesser extent—other applications recognized by Gatekeeper as signed, are safer than others, but they can't be considered absolutely safe. "Sandboxed" applications may prompt for access to private data, such as your contacts, or for access to the network. Think before granting that access. Sandbox security is based on user input. Never click through any request for authorization without thinking.
    4. Starting with OS X 10.8.3, a third layer of protection has been added: a "Malware Removal Tool" (MRT). MRT runs automatically in the background when you update the OS. It checks for, and removes, malware that may have evaded the other protections via a Java exploit (see below.) MRT also runs when you install or update the Apple-supplied Java runtime (but not the Oracle runtime.) Like XProtect, MRT is effective against known threats, but not against unknown ones. It notifies you if it finds malware, but otherwise there's no user interface to MRT.
    5. The built-in security features of OS X reduce the risk of malware attack, but they are not, and never will be, complete protection. Malware is a problem of human behavior, not machine behavior, and no technological fix alone is going to solve it. Trusting software to protect you will only make you more vulnerable.
    The best defense is always going to be your own intelligence. With the possible exception of Java exploits, all known malware circulating on the Internet that affects a fully-updated installation of OS X 10.6 or later takes the form of so-called "Trojan horses," which can only have an effect if the victim is duped into running them. The threat therefore amounts to a battle of wits between you and Internet criminals. If you're better informed than they think you are, you'll win. That means, in practice, that you always stay within a safe harbor of computing practices. How do you know when you're leaving the safe harbor? Below are some warning signs of danger.
    Software from an untrustworthy source
    ☞ Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, doesn't come directly from the developer’s website. Do not trust an alert from any website to update Flash, or your browser, or any other software. A genuine alert that Flash is outdated and blocked is shown on this support page. Follow the instructions on the support page in that case. Otherwise, assume that the alert is fake and someone is trying to scam you into installing malware. If you see such alerts on more than one website, ask for instructions.
    ☞ Software of any kind is distributed via BitTorrent, or Usenet, or on a website that also distributes pirated music or movies.
    ☞ Rogue websites such as Softonic, Soft32, and CNET Download distribute free applications that have been packaged in a superfluous "installer."
    ☞ The software is advertised by means of spam or intrusive web ads. Any ad, on any site, that includes a direct link to a download should be ignored.
    Software that is plainly illegal or does something illegal
    ☞ High-priced commercial software such as Photoshop is "cracked" or "free."
    ☞ An application helps you to infringe copyright, for instance by circumventing the copy protection on commercial software, or saving streamed media for reuse without permission. All "YouTube downloaders" are in this category, though not all are necessarily malicious.
    Conditional or unsolicited offers from strangers
    ☞ A telephone caller or a web page tells you that you have a “virus” and offers to help you remove it. (Some reputable websites did legitimately warn visitors who were infected with the "DNSChanger" malware. That exception to this rule no longer applies.)
    ☞ A web site offers free content such as video or music, but to use it you must install a “codec,” “plug-in,” "player," "downloader," "extractor," or “certificate” that comes from that same site, or an unknown one.
    ☞ You win a prize in a contest you never entered.
    ☞ Someone on a message board such as this one is eager to help you, but only if you download an application of his choosing.
    ☞ A "FREE WI-FI !!!" network advertises itself in a public place such as an airport, but is not provided by the management.
    ☞ Anything online that you would expect to pay for is "free."
    Unexpected events
    ☞ A file is downloaded automatically when you visit a web page, with no other action on your part. Delete any such file without opening it.
    ☞ You open what you think is a document and get an alert that it's "an application downloaded from the Internet." Click Cancel and delete the file. Even if you don't get the alert, you should still delete any file that isn't what you expected it to be.
    ☞ An application does something you don't expect, such as asking for permission to access your contacts, your location, or the Internet for no obvious reason.
    ☞ Software is attached to email that you didn't request, even if it comes (or seems to come) from someone you trust.
    I don't say that leaving the safe harbor just once will necessarily result in disaster, but making a habit of it will weaken your defenses against malware attack. Any of the above scenarios should, at the very least, make you uncomfortable.
    6. Java on the Web (not to be confused with JavaScript, to which it's not related, despite the similarity of the names) is a weak point in the security of any system. Java is, among other things, a platform for running complex applications in a web page, on the client. That was always a bad idea, and Java's developers have proven themselves incapable of implementing it without also creating a portal for malware to enter. Past Java exploits are the closest thing there has ever been to a Windows-style virus affecting OS X. Merely loading a page with malicious Java content could be harmful.
    Fortunately, client-side Java on the Web is obsolete and mostly extinct. Only a few outmoded sites still use it. Try to hasten the process of extinction by avoiding those sites, if you have a choice. Forget about playing games or other non-essential uses of Java.
    Java is not included in OS X 10.7 and later. Discrete Java installers are distributed by Apple and by Oracle (the developer of Java.) Don't use either one unless you need it. Most people don't. If Java is installed, disable it—not JavaScript—in your browsers.
    Regardless of version, experience has shown that Java on the Web can't be trusted. If you must use a Java applet for a task on a specific site, enable Java only for that site in Safari. Never enable Java for a public website that carries third-party advertising. Use it only on well-known, login-protected, secure websites without ads. In Safari 6 or later, you'll see a padlock icon in the address bar when visiting a secure site.
    Stay within the safe harbor, and you’ll be as safe from malware as you can practically be. The rest of this comment concerns what you should not do to protect yourself.
    7. Never install any commercial "anti-virus" (AV) or "Internet security" products for the Mac, as they are all worse than useless. If you need to be able to detect Windows malware in your files, use one of the free security apps in the Mac App Store—nothing else.
    Why shouldn't you use commercial AV products?
    ☞ To recognize malware, the software depends on a database of known threats, which is always at least a day out of date. This technique is a proven failure, as a major AV software vendor has admitted. Most attacks are "zero-day"—that is, previously unknown. Recognition-based AV does not defend against such attacks, and the enterprise IT industry is coming to the realization that traditional AV software is worthless.
    ☞ Its design is predicated on the nonexistent threat that malware may be injected at any time, anywhere in the file system. Malware is downloaded from the network; it doesn't materialize from nowhere. In order to meet that nonexistent threat, commercial AV software modifies or duplicates low-level functions of the operating system, which is a waste of resources and a common cause of instability, bugs, and poor performance.
    ☞ By modifying the operating system, the software may also create weaknesses that could be exploited by malware attackers.
    ☞ Most importantly, a false sense of security is dangerous.
    8. An AV product from the App Store, such as "ClamXav," has the same drawback as the commercial suites of being always out of date, but it does not inject low-level code into the operating system. That doesn't mean it's entirely harmless. It may report email messages that have "phishing" links in the body, or Windows malware in attachments, as infected files, and offer to delete or move them. Doing so will corrupt the Mail database. The messages should be deleted from within the Mail application.
    An AV app is not needed, and cannot be relied upon, for protection against OS X malware. It's useful, if at all, only for detecting Windows malware, and even for that use it's not really effective, because new Windows malware is emerging much faster than OS X malware.
    Windows malware can't harm you directly (unless, of course, you use Windows.) Just don't pass it on to anyone else. A malicious attachment in email is usually easy to recognize by the name alone. An actual example:
    London Terror Moovie.avi [124 spaces] Checked By Norton Antivirus.exe
    You don't need software to tell you that's a Windows trojan. Software may be able to tell you which trojan it is, but who cares? In practice, there's no reason to use recognition software unless an organizational policy requires it. Windows malware is so widespread that you should assume it's in every email attachment until proven otherwise. Nevertheless, ClamXav or a similar product from the App Store may serve a purpose if it satisfies an ill-informed network administrator who says you must run some kind of AV application. It's free and it won't handicap the system.
    The ClamXav developer won't try to "upsell" you to a paid version of the product. Other developers may do that. Don't be upsold. For one thing, you should not pay to protect Windows users from the consequences of their choice of computing platform. For another, a paid upgrade from a free app will probably have all the disadvantages mentioned in section 7.
    9. It seems to be a common belief that the built-in Application Firewall acts as a barrier to infection, or prevents malware from functioning. It does neither. It blocks inbound connections to certain network services you're running, such as file sharing. It's disabled by default and you should leave it that way if you're behind a router on a private home or office network. Activate it only when you're on an untrusted network, for instance a public Wi-Fi hotspot, where you don't want to provide services. Disable any services you don't use in the Sharing preference pane. All are disabled by default.
    10. As a Mac user, you don't have to live in fear that your computer may be infected every time you install software, read email, or visit a web page. But neither can you assume that you will always be safe from exploitation, no matter what you do. Navigating the Internet is like walking the streets of a big city. It can be as safe or as dangerous as you choose to make it. The greatest harm done by security software is precisely its selling point: it makes people feel safe. They may then feel safe enough to take risks from which the software doesn't protect them. Nothing can lessen the need for safe computing practices.

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