OutOfMemoryError on Web Application

Hi every one.I'm using CRE, Tomcat 5.5.20 and SQL Server 2000 and a C3P0 DataSource bound to Tomcat By now we are Testing performance of 4 Heavy weight reports on the server and planning to add more ligth weight reports shortly but actually when there are 5 or more simultaneous users on server, JRC throws a java.lang.OutOfMemorError although I configure Tomcat to run with -Xmx192m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m java OptionsCurrently I store report name in a Session variable and the ReportSource in another variable to mantain only a ReportSource on session. And every call to processHTTPRequest has it's close() and dispose() method calls Thus I want to know wath are the best practices to load reports and prevent Memory leaks. Thanks

Hi there, Unfortunately, I have not tried your specific scenario before so I cannot speak on each individual component. Is the purpose of the C3P0 datasource to provide connection pooling? I want to ask a few questions to see if we can narrow down the issue:<ol><li>When you say 4 heavy weight reports, what does this actually mean? How many pages are you talking about?</li><li>Which close() method are you calling? For best performance you don't want to close the ReportClientDocument until the session is completed</li><li>Can you explain the steps you follow to throw the error? Does it happen as soon as the 5th person requests a report? What happens if all of the users are requesting the same report? Essentially, what is the relationship to the number of users and the number of reports requested?</li><li>What is the exact OutOfMemory error? I want to be sure that it is JRC and not C3P0 throwing the error as I would suggest that both components are involved in the same call.</li><li>Have you used any performance monitoring tools (e.g. perfmon) to see how the performance is behaving? If so, when do you notice the memory usage occurring?</li></ol>If you are expecting to have a need for greater performance you may want to look at purchasing a license of Crystal Reports for Eclipse Professional. It has a more robust processing engine that should provide up to 5X more power.You can find more detail around the product <a href="http://store.businessobjects.com/servlet/ControllerServlet?Action=DisplayPage&Env=BASE&Locale=en_US&SiteID=bobjects&id=ProductDetailsPage&productID=52068100">here.</a> Regards, Sean Johnson (CR4E Product Manager) <a href="http://www.eclipseplugincentral.com/Web_Links-index-req-ratelink-lid-639.html">Rate this plugin @ Eclipse Plugin Central</a>

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Connection pool for big web application

hi,
i am developing an application which had more then 20 classes and each class use databases.
i made an connection bean and use it for database connectivity but as my code expand and my application run for longer time i start getting error of connection limit.
then i start using connection pool. in this i start using one connection for whole application.
now i want that my
1-whole application use that connection pool and i dont need to initialize it in different classes.
2- The main problem is that may at a time i have to connect database with different user and these connections should remain active.
my application will be used for enterprise level and remain active for months .
following is my connection pool
public class ConnectionPool implements Runnable
 private Log log=new Log();
 private String driver, url, username, password;
 private int maxConnections;
 private boolean waitIfBusy;
 private Vector availableConnections, busyConnections;
 private boolean connectionPending = false;
 public ConnectionPool(String driver, String url,String username, String password,int initialConnections, int maxConnections, boolean waitIfBusy)
 this.driver = driver;
 this.url = url;
 this.username = username;
 this.password = password;
 this.maxConnections = maxConnections;
 this.waitIfBusy = waitIfBusy;
 if (initialConnections > maxConnections)
 initialConnections = maxConnections;
 availableConnections = new Vector(initialConnections);
 busyConnections = new Vector();
 try
 for(int i=0; i<initialConnections; i++)
 availableConnections.addElement(makeNewConnection());
 catch(Exception e)
 log.write(e.getMessage());
 }//EO constructor
public synchronized Connection getConnection()
 if (!availableConnections.isEmpty())
 log.write("Total connections="+availableConnections.size());
 Connection existingConnection = (Connection)availableConnections.lastElement();
 int lastIndex = availableConnections.size() - 1;
 availableConnections.removeElementAt(lastIndex);
 // If connection on available list is closed (e.g.,it timed out), then remove it from available list
 // and repeat the process of obtaining a connection. Also wake up threads that were waiting for a connection because maxConnection limit was reached.
 try
 if (existingConnection.isClosed())
 notifyAll(); // Freed up a spot for anybody waiting
 return(getConnection());
 else
 log.write( "in available connection" );
 busyConnections.addElement(existingConnection);
 return(existingConnection);
 catch(SQLException se)
 log.write(se.getMessage());
 } else {
 // Three possible cases:
 // 1) You haven't reached maxConnections limit. So establish one in the background if there isn't
 // already one pending, then wait for the next available connection (whether or not it was the newly established one).
 // 2) You reached maxConnections limit and waitIfBusy flag is false. Throw SQLException in such a case.
 // 3) You reached maxConnections limit and waitIfBusy flag is true. Then do the same thing as in second
 // part of step 1: wait for next available connection.
 if ((totalConnections() < maxConnections) && !connectionPending)
 makeBackgroundConnection();
 else if (!waitIfBusy)
 log.write("Connection limit reached");
 // Wait for either a new connection to be established (if you called makeBackgroundConnection) or for
 // an existing connection to be freed up.
 try {
 wait();
 catch(InterruptedException ie)
 log.write(ie.getMessage());
 // Someone freed up a connection, so try again.
 return(getConnection());
 }//EO main if-else
 return null;
}//EO getconnection method
// You can't just make a new connection in the foreground
// when none are available, since this can take several
// seconds with a slow network connection. Instead,
// start a thread that establishes a new connection,
// then wait. You get woken up either when the new connection
// is established or if someone finishes with an existing
// connection.
private void makeBackgroundConnection() {
 connectionPending = true;
 try {
 Thread connectThread = new Thread(this);
 connectThread.start();
 } catch(OutOfMemoryError oome) {
 // Give up on new connection
 log.write(oome.getMessage());
public void run() {
 try {
 Connection connection = makeNewConnection();
 synchronized(this) {
 availableConnections.addElement(connection);
 connectionPending = false;
 notifyAll();
 } catch(Exception e) { // SQLException or OutOfMemory
 // Give up on new connection and wait for existing one free up.
 log.write(e.getMessage());
// This explicitly makes a new connection. Called in
// the foreground when initializing the ConnectionPool,
// and called in the background when running.
private Connection makeNewConnection()
 //log.write("make new connection with "+url+" "+username+" "+password +" and driver= "+driver);
 Connection connection=null;
 try
 // Load database driver if not already loaded
 //Class.forName(driver);
 DriverManager.registerDriver(new OracleDriver());
 // Establish network connection to database
 connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
 if( connection.isClosed() )
 log.write("ooooooops no connection");
 else
 log.write("yahoooo get connection");
 catch(Exception e)
 log.write(e.getMessage());
 return(connection);
public synchronized void free(Connection connection) {
 busyConnections.removeElement(connection);
 availableConnections.addElement(connection);
 // Wake up threads that are waiting for a connection
 notifyAll();
public synchronized int totalConnections() {
 return(availableConnections.size() + busyConnections.size());
/** Close all the connections. Use with caution:
 * be sure no connections are in use before
 * calling. Note that you are not required to
 * call this when done with a ConnectionPool, since
 * connections are guaranteed to be closed when
 * garbage collected. But this method gives more control
 * regarding when the connections are closed.
public synchronized void closeAllConnections() {
 closeConnections(availableConnections);
 availableConnections = new Vector();
 closeConnections(busyConnections);
 busyConnections = new Vector();
private void closeConnections(Vector connections) {
 try {
 for(int i=0; i<connections.size(); i++) {
 Connection connection =
 (Connection)connections.elementAt(i);
 if (!connection.isClosed()) {
 connection.close();
 } catch(SQLException sqle) {
 // Ignore errors; garbage collect anyhow
 log.write(sqle.getMessage());
}i get this code from internet, in which it also mention that use following code
public class BookPool extends ConnectionPool {
private static BookPool pool = null;
private BookPool(...) {
super(...); // Call parent constructor
public static synchronized BookPool getInstance() {
if (pool == null) {
pool = new BookPool(...);
return(pool);
}if some one want to use it for whole application then use connection pool by BookPool,
now main point is i m not getting the BookPool class could some one explain it to me???
and second by using it can i connect to different users of DB at a time, if cant then how i can.
its good if some one explain it by little code.
thxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

If this is a real, serious application and not just for practice, then why are you trying to write your own connection pool implementation?
You'd better use Jakarta's Commons Pool and Commons DBCP, which are widely used, well tested implementations of connection pools.
If this is a web application running in a J2EE container, you'd normally configure the connection pool in the container. The container will register the pool in JNDI and you'd look it up in JNDI from your application.
Here's some documentation on how to do that in Tomcat 5.5: JNDI Datasource HOW-TO

Long pauses in web application for a Full GC

I am currently investigating an issue with a web application where a Full Garbage collection is taking up to 60 seconds. When this occurs the tomcat instance that the web app is running on normally crashes with OutOfMemoryErrors. This crash will only occur intermittently.
JAVA_OPTS is set to -server -Xms900m -Xmx900m -verbose:gc
we are running the app with:
java version "1.4.1_03"
Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.4.1_03-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.4.1_03-b02, mixed mode)
When the full garbage collection occurs I have noticed these statements in the log files:
[GC 514485K->451538K(911360K), 5.5196490 secs]
[Full GC[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3127]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3134]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3135]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3133]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3126]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3122]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3131]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3130]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3128]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3132]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3125]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3123]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3129]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3136]
[Unloading class sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor3124]
451732K->299683K(911360K), 56.2060790 secs]
What I want to find out is if this is normal behaviour for these classes to be unloaded and whether it could be the root of the problem? Has anyone got any thoughts on this?
Many thanks, Tania

Unloading classes is highly unlikely to have anything to do with the long GC pause. It's more likely that your heap configuration and/or the GC type is inappropriate for your workload. GCing 450MB of objects and collecting nearly half of them, as your GC log shows, may take quite a bit of time indeed.
For one thing, you may try to switch from JDK 1.4.1 to JDK 1.4.2 - it looks like memory management in the latter has been improved significantly, at least for some apps. But generally to optimize your VM wrt. garbage collection, you need some understanding of how it works. Try this website: http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Programming/GCPortal/ - it seems to have both white papers and some tools to tune GC.

Should Singletons be avoided in web applications?

I've been recently referred to an entry on the Tomcat wiki that states that the use of Singletons should be completely avoided in web applications. The argument, in short, is that the static reference could prevent the garbage collector from reclaiming the memory used by a class loader.
The details are at
http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/OutOfMemory
I wonder if OC4J is susceptible to the same problem and whether the solutions suggested on that page should be followed.
Thanks in advance for your help.

Lin,
Forget about the strange behavior. It seems that the amount of memory that appears next to java.exe in the Windows task manager has nothing to do with reality.
So, it seems that singletons are bad after all. I did the test, and here are the results
Initial:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 08:43:38 GST 2006
Value = 20025867
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 218578944
Runtime.freeMemory() = 96390752
First Restart:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 08:48:53 GST 2006
Value = 7602166
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 324268032
Runtime.freeMemory() = 96892800
Second Restart:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 08:51:14 GST 2006
Value = 12982852
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 407539712
Runtime.freeMemory() = 75202088
JSP Modified:
Version: 2
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 08:53:10 GST 2006
Value = 14273809
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 407539712
Runtime.freeMemory() = 72887912
Parent Application (Default) Restarted:
Version: 2
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 08:55:52 GST 2006
Value = 23709168
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.freeMemory() = 92922248
Parent Application Second Restart:
500 Internal Server Error
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
The application crashed, indicating that, indeed, memory could not be de-allocated.
There's one thing to note, though, which is that the problem does not occur when a JSP is modified, as the results above show. Also from the logs, when the JSP is modified, the Singleton constructor does not get called again, which indicates that the class has not been reloaded. It must mean that reloading the JSP class does not mandate reloading all the classes it uses. I guess that doesn't explain much about how class loaders work, so I think I'll just go and do some reading about that.
Anyway, back to the main issue, I went and added a release() method to my Singleton class as follows
    public static synchronized void release() {
     instance = null;
    }Then I added a ServletContextListener that does that
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
     context = event.getServletContext();
     Singleton.release();
    }I restarted OC4J and re-executed the same scenario. The results were as follows:
Initial:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 09:07:27 GST 2006
Value = 25392555
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 211107840
Runtime.freeMemory() = 93099904
First Restart:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 09:08:24 GST 2006
Value = 7074772
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 211107840
Runtime.freeMemory() = 92814104
Second Restart:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 09:09:21 GST 2006
Value = 7051219
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 194859008
Runtime.freeMemory() = 76432112
Parent Application Restarted:
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 09:12:21 GST 2006
Value = 16319980
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 146268160
Runtime.freeMemory() = 10034600
Parent Application Restarted (Again):
Version: 1
Timestamp: Tue Apr 11 09:13:45 GST 2006
Value = 21348648
Runtime.maxMemory() = 532742144
Runtime.totalMemory() = 178896896
Runtime.freeMemory() = 53236696
Which indicates that everything is working fine :)
Well, I must say I'm happy I learned this the easy way, instead of having to deal with a production issue.
Thanks Lin for your help.

Web application Unloading classes of WL Stubs every several hours

Hello,
We have a WEB applications, which connects to Server Application using EJB technology - both deployed on the same
domain on Weblogic 10.
Recently, we started to experience a strange phenomenon - WEB application's threads get stalled and get a STUCK
state.
Sometimes, it is accompanied with the java.lang.OutOfMemoryError exception.
Only reboot helps to recover from it.
Trying to identify a problem we added some parameters to get some more information in the application logs.
What we found is that once in a while (depend on a system load), we see the following messages in console logs:
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These are the examples about how often the events happen and it’s durations:
2011-01-30 10:14:11 - 2011-01-30 10:14:28
2011-01-30 12:27:51 - 2011-01-30 12:28:08
2011-01-30 13:59:46 - 2011-01-30 14:00:02
2011-01-30 14:56:59 - 2011-01-30 14:57:13
2011-01-30 14:57:46 - 2011-01-30 14:58:00
2011-01-30 17:11:21 - 2011-01-30 17:11:39
2011-01-30 18:29:24 - 2011-01-30 18:29:44
2011-01-30 20:05:34 - 2011-01-30 20:05:53
2011-01-30 21:48:39 - 2011-01-30 21:48:55
. - Each time are about 20000 - 30000 classes are unloaded.
. - About 150000 classes are unloaded daily,
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............- 30% out of Stubs are Home Stubs, which ends with "*..HomeImpl_1001_WLStub*"
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only +23+ types of different Stubs are unloaded, whereas out of it +10+ different Home Stubs:
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23
$> grep "Unloading class.*HomeImpl_1001_WLStub" Web1.out | sort -u | wc -l
10Sometimes (as I said above) it ends with the "+java.lang.OutOfMemoryError+" exception.
So, the questions are:
1. What could be a reason for such behavior of a system?
2. What message "Unloading class" says?
3. Is it normal that (as you see from above), the same type of Stubs are loaded?
It looks like a new Stub is created for every EJB invocation, isn't it?
Is it normal? If not, what could be a reason for this?
--------------- S Y S T E M ---------------
jvm_args: -Xms2048m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m
OS: Solaris 10 5/08 s10s_u5wos_10 SPARC
uname:SunOS 5.10 Generic_142900-02 sun4v (T2 libthread)
rlimit: STACK 8192k, CORE 1024000k, NOFILE 65536, AS infinity
CPU:total 64 has_v8, has_v9, has_vis1, has_vis2, is_ultra3, is_sun4v, is_niagara1
Memory: 8k page, physical 66977792k
vm_info: Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (1.5.0_11-b03) for solaris-sparc, built on Dec 15 2006 01:18:11

You could see how your memory is managed by the JVM, by using for example a tool such as jconsole.
Unloading class means that loaded classes are garbage collected. To see when the classes are loaded
you can use the JVM option -verbose:class. I think somehow you are constantly loading the classes in the application,
maybe by creating the stub over and over again when you need it. You can create the stub once by using
a singleton pattern.
A good overview of the available tools for the Sun JVM is given here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/index-137495.html

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Please post ASP.NET questions in the ASP.NET forums (http://forums.asp.net ).

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Hi,
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HI,
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Hi,
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http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B32110_01/web.1013/b28951/overview.htm#CJAJHJIA
For 10.1.2 refer:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14099_19/core.1012/b13997/cmds.htm#BEIJGHDG
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14099_19/core.1012/b13997/cmds.htm#BEICHFGJ
Thanks
Shail

WEB.XML gives me an error while deploying a Web Application in Weblogic 5.1

I have a Web.xml which I copied the one from their documentation and edited for my servlet specific data. When I try to deploy it I am getting the following error.
 Wed Nov 15 17:10:37 EST 2000:<E> <HTTP> Error reading Web application 'C:/tomcat
 /webapps/La/'
 java.net.UnknownHostException: java.sun.com
 Can you throw some light on this? I have included the first three lines from the WEB,XML file where weblogic is choking.
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN'
 'http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/webapp_2_2.dtd'>
 Thank You
 Trisula P. Siripurapu


 Hi Jacek,
 Thank you for your suggestion. I changed the Web App version to 1.2 instead of 2.2. It worked. Thanks once again for the timely response. I really do appreciate it.
 Trisula Pani Siripurapu.
 Jacek Laskowski <[email protected]> wrote:
 >"Trisula P. Siripurapu" wrote:
 >>
 >> I have a Web.xml which I copied the one from their documentation and edited for my servlet specific data. When I try to deploy it I am getting the following error.
 >> Wed Nov 15 17:10:37 EST 2000:<E> <HTTP> Error reading Web application 'C:/tomcat
 >> /webapps/La/'
 >> java.net.UnknownHostException: java.sun.com
 >
 >I remember having the same problem before I added the latest service
 >pack (SP 6). If you don't want to download it, just change DOCTYPE to
 >
 ><!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application
 >1.2//EN' 'http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/webapp_2_2.dtd'>
 >
 >and it should work. Notice the change of Web Application version - 1.2
 >rather then 2.2. I'm (almost) sure, I saw one example - examples/webapp
 >(?) - with this header. Take a look at the accompanying examples.
 >
 >When you apply SP6, things should work as they suppose to.
 >
 >> Trisula P. Siripurapu
 >
 >Jacek Laskowski

Capture an image using the web camera from a web application

Hi All,
Could anyone please share the steps what have to be followed for capture an image using the web camera from a web application.
I have a similar requirement like this,
1) Detect the Webcam on the users machine from the web application.(To be more clear when the user clicks on 'Add Photo' tool from the web application)
2) When the user confirms to save, save the Image in users machine at some temporary location with some unique file name.
3) Upload the Image to the server from the temporary location.
Please share the details like, what can be used and how it can be used etc...
Thanks,
Suman

1) Detect the Webcam on the users machine from the web application.(To be more clear when the user clicks on 'Add Photo' tool from the web application)There's not really any good way to do this with JMF. You'd have to somehow create a JMF web-start application that will install the native JMF binaries, and then kick off the capture device scanning code from the application, and then scan through the list of devices found to get the MediaLocator of the web cam.
2) When the user confirms to save, save the Image in users machine at some temporary location with some unique file name.You'd probably be displaying a "preview" window and then you'd just want to capture the image. There are a handful of ways you could capture the image, but it really depends on your situation.
3) Upload the Image to the server from the temporary location.You can find out how to do this on google.
All things told, this application is probably more suited to be a FMJ (Freedom for Media in Java) application than a JMF application. JMF relies on native code to capture from the web cams, whereas FMJ does not.
Alternately, you might want to look into Adobe Flex for this particular application.

Unable to resolve JNDI DataSource in weblogic 12c When you upgrade web application

I create a datasource which jndi name is jdbc/allianzB2CDataSource and the target is AdminServer ,and i deploy a web application in AdminServer.In that web application,the code(base on spring framework) is:
public static DataSource getJndiDataSource(String name) {
JndiDataSourceLookup dsLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
Properties jndiEnvironment = new Properties();
jndiEnvironment.put("java.naming.factory.initial",
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
dsLookup.setJndiEnvironment(jndiEnvironment);
try {
dsLookup.setResourceRef(false);
return dsLookup.getDataSource(name);
} catch (Exception e) {
dsLookup.setResourceRef(true);
return dsLookup.getDataSource(name);
And the parameter is jdbc/allianzB2CDataSource,everything work fine,but when i restart or upgrate the web application,i got the error like this:
javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Unable to resolve 'jdbc.allianzB2CDataSource'. Resolved 'jdbc'; remaining name 'allianzB2CDataSource'
Unable to resolve 'jdbc.allianzB2CDataSource'. Resolved 'jdbc'; remaining name 'allianzB2CDataSource'

I create a datasource which jndi name is jdbc/allianzB2CDataSource and the target is AdminServer ,and i deploy a web application in AdminServer.In that web application,the code(base on spring framework) is:
public static DataSource getJndiDataSource(String name) {
JndiDataSourceLookup dsLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
Properties jndiEnvironment = new Properties();
jndiEnvironment.put("java.naming.factory.initial",
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
dsLookup.setJndiEnvironment(jndiEnvironment);
try {
dsLookup.setResourceRef(false);
return dsLookup.getDataSource(name);
} catch (Exception e) {
dsLookup.setResourceRef(true);
return dsLookup.getDataSource(name);
And the parameter is jdbc/allianzB2CDataSource,everything work fine,but when i restart or upgrate the web application,i got the error like this:
javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Unable to resolve 'jdbc.allianzB2CDataSource'. Resolved 'jdbc'; remaining name 'allianzB2CDataSource'
Unable to resolve 'jdbc.allianzB2CDataSource'. Resolved 'jdbc'; remaining name 'allianzB2CDataSource'

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