Servlets and Tomcat

Hope i'm in the right forum. I have tomcat installed
on my pc and need to write a few servlets ok. But
when I compile I get an error message saying"package
javax.servlet.* not found". I can't understand why
any ideas as i'm reallly stumped. Is it a tomcat
issue of a vm issue as i have the J2SE5 running on my
machine.
Stonethe javax.servlet package is not part of jse, as you've already discovered.
tomcat does supply it in the common/lib/servlet-api.jar. put that in your classpath when you compile and you'll get past this problem.
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Similar Messages

Servlets and Tomcat/Apache

Okay,
Tomcat 4.1 running with Apache.
Installed mod_jk, piece of cake.
JSPs run through Apache like a dream.
Tomcat examples ( jsp and servlets) run through Apache perfectly ( that is no :8080 business).
My JSP's run through Apache no problem. Works great.
My SERVLETS WILL NOT RUN THROUGH APACHE FOR ANYTHING.
My context looks like this in server.xml:
<Context path="/nuweb" docBase="/home/shared/nuweb" debug="0"
reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
prefix="nuweb" suffix=".log"
timestamp="true"/>
</Context>
Note: that I am not under <TOMCAT_HOME>/webapps.
The reason is that I will, in production not be the Unix admin on the server. I will only have priviledges within my directory. I will not be able to drop war files in the webapps directory. I will not be able
to start and stop tomcat or apache ( there are 100 diffrent apache contexts on that machine and someday many of them will be going through tomcat for jsp and servlet support).
My servlets will only run if I put :8080/nuweb/servlet/HelloServlet in the URL. Take off the 8080 and I get Page not found. Not the tomcat 404 page, the Browswer 404 errror.
Here is my web.xml which lives in the WEB-INF directory of of /home/shared/nuweb
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.nu.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
In devlopment I am on a system that is very close to what the production server will look like ( Tomcat 4.1 same version of Apache, same Unix ). In development I can restart all the servers edit server.xml etc. On the production I would have to schedule that stuff. I want to be able to compile classes and drop them in the WEB-INF/classes... directory and have them run. Is that too much to ask?

Hi,
I am also facing same error.
I am not able to view my servlets via apache web server.
ie when i do "http://localhost/enlighta/logon"
I get http 404 page not found error
but when I do http://localhost:8080/enlighta/logon
all works fine
I am using apache 2 and tomcat 4.5
This is I have done:
1.I have http server running on port 80
2. appserver on port 8080
3. I have a war file enlighta.war deployed on webserevr
4. The static content like images and html page I have moved to webserver
5. The servlet context of the app on the app server is /enlighta
6. In the web.xml I have defined all the servlet maping.
the port 8009 has the connecter is running/listening.
the configuration
sever.xml on tomcat

<Connector port="8009"
enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
httpd.conf on apache
# Load mod_jk
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
# Configure mod_jk
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel info
# First Virtual Host.
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2:8080>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /enlighta/
ServerName localhost
ErrorLog logs/enlighta_error_log
TransferLog logs/enlighta_access_log
JkMount /enlighta/* ajp13
</VirtualHost>
workers.properties
worker.list=ajp13
# Defining a worker named ajp13w and of type ajp13
# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.
worker.ajp13.type=ajp13
worker.ajp13.host=localhost
worker.ajp13.port=8009
Now I feel I am doing something wrong on defining virtual host.
Or may be something else is wrong.
I have gone thru the previous thread but I dont have mod_jk.conf file.
Please help!!!
Thanks
Sachin

Again problem with servlet and Tomcat

My files are:
webapps\greeting\src\GreetingServlet.java
................\index.html
................\WEB-INF\classes\GreetingServlet.class
........................\web.xml
Url:http//:localhost:8080/greeting/ shows index.html but when i submit
it showing
HTTP Status 404 - /greeting/servlet/GreetingServlet
type: Status report
message: /greeting/servlet/GreetingServlet
description: The requested resource (/greeting/servlet/GreetingServlet) is not available.
Source code:
1.index.html:
<HTML>
     <HEAD>
          <TITLE>ProJava Registration</TITLE>
     </HEAD>
     <BODY>
          <H1>Welcome</H1>
          <FORM ACTION ="/greeting/servlet/GreetingServlet" METHOD= "POST">
               <p>Your Name <INPUT TYPE= "text" SIZE= "40" NAME= "name" ></p>
               <p>Your Email <INPUT TYPE= "text" SIZE= "40" NAME="email">
               <INPUT TYPE= "submit" VALUE= "Submit" ></p>
          </FORM>
     </BODY>
</HTML>
2.GreetingServlet.java:
import javax.servlet.* ;
import javax.servlet.http.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class GreetingServlet extends HttpServlet{
protected void doPost (HttpServletRequest request,
               HttpServletResponse response)
                    throws ServletException, IOException {
     String name = request.getParameter ("name");
     String email = request.getParameter ("email");
     String message = null;
     GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
     if (calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM) == Calendar.AM) {
          message =" Good Morning";
     else {
          message = " Good Afternoon";
     response.setContentType("text/html");
     PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
     out .println("<HTML>");
     out .println("<BODY>");
     out .println("<p>"+message +","+name+"</p>");
     out .println("<p> Thanks ("+email+")</p>");
     out .println("<p> -The Pro Java Team.</p>");
     out .println("</BODY>");
     out .println("</HTML>");
     out .close();
Please help me
Thanks in advance Also thanks to st.

Hi,
I think you have to change server.xml, which is in conf directory of your tomcat root directory.
search context in server.xml
and alter like this
<Context path="/greetings" docBase="greetings" debug="0"
reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
Hope this will help
Regards
Sekhar

Java servlets and Tomcat server

Hi friends
i am using Sun One forte Community edition . i am trying to make a hello world servlet .
there are 2 Files one is Index.html , HelloWorld.java (Servlet)
I call this servlet from the index.html file.
evertime i call it it gives me and error of Apache tomcat file not found .The tomcat server is inbuilt with the Sun One studio.
the directory structure is
-----HOME
-------WEB_FOLDER
----------Index.html
----------WEB-INF
-------------CLASSES
-----------------myServlet (package)
---------------------HelloWorld.java
-------------LIB
The problem is I am not getting how to write the path of servlet in index.html to call the helloWorld servlet.

Make this entry in your server.xml file located in tomcat_dir\conf.
<Context path="/abc"
     docBase="webapps/abc"
     crossContext="true"
     debug="0"
     reloadable="true"
     trusted="false">
</Context>
Suppose i want to develop my servlets in another folder Let it be "XYZ".Then your package statement must be, 'package xyz;'. Place all your servlets in webapps/abc/WEB_INF/classes/xyz dir.
Place all your Jsp(s) and Htmls in webapps/abc/pqrs dir.
Now they all come under one context 'abc'.
Sudha

Problem with JSP and servlet in Tomcat

hello all,
I have made a simple hello world in Eclipse and Tomcat, it works well on my localhost, but now that I try to run it on the server in our lab I got this exception:
type Exception report
message
description The server encountered an internal error () that prevented it from fulfilling this request.
exception
javax.servlet.ServletException: Implementing class
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:272)
     javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)
root cause
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Implementing class
     java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
     java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:620)
     java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:124)
     org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:1815)
     org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:869)
     org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1322)
     org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1201)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperLoader.loadClass(JasperLoader.java:127)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperLoader.loadClass(JasperLoader.java:65)
     java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:319)
     java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
     java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2328)
     java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:2640)
     java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:321)
     java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:303)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.getServlet(JspServletWrapper.java:148)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:317)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:314)
     org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:264)
     javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)
I have transfered the web.xml file and lib and classes folder in a WEB-INF folder and also all the JSP files. I can see he JSP file, but the 'hello worl' does not work and gives this exception!
Does any one have any idea what could be the problem?
thanks a lot
Mitra

seems the web Server code previously loaded a class only when it was used rather than when it was referenced,
ask your question in the tomcat-user mailing ! !!!

JSP, Servlet, and Java Classes location in Tomcat

In tomcat, I want to know JSP files, Servlets, and Java classes
should put in different locations:
I put web.xml in the following:
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30\webapps\proj1\WEB-INF
I put all JSP files in the following:
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30\webapps\proj1
I put all servlet files in the following:
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30\webapps\proj1\WEB-INF\classes
I put all Java classes in the following with package proj1:
C:\jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30\webapps\proj1\WEB-INF\classes\proj1
When I execute JSP files, it has HTTP error 404, file not found.
The content of web.xml is:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<display-name>proj1</display-name>
<description>
proj1
</description>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Please advise. thanks!!!

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>Where's the servlet definition that maps to "invoker"?

Servlets, Threads and ThreadNames and Tomcat!

Hi gurus's
I found something interesting but am not sure if this is in the servlet container spec.....
When a new client request comes in, servlet serves that request on a separate thread. Now I change the thread name for some requests. I found that servlet container (Tomcat 4.1.24 in my case) seems to be reusing the threads to serve client requests. i.e when another request comes in (after the first request has finished) the thread name is still set to what I had set it to during the first request....
This implies that Tomcat actualyl re-uses the threads it creates to serve client requests. I thought that it would create a completely new thread for each request.
Does anyone know anything about this??? Or is this in the spec for container writers where they start n number of threads and just pool these threads and re-use them to serve client requests???
I would appreciate your help because this causes problems with my logging mechanism as I rely on unique thread name...

The servlet specs does not require servlet containers to start a new thread for each request.
For performance purposes, most, if not all, servlet containers re-use threads to service requests.
You may want to switch over to the Log4J (http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j) logging mechanism. Its concept of Nested Diagnostic Contexts (NDCs) is much better than relying on the uniqueness of thread names.

Can't execute windows command in servlet with JDK1.5 and tomcat 5

Hi all,
I have a web application which uses a servlet to execute windows commands, such as "mkdir", "mv", and "rmdir". In my servlet, I use java Runtime() class to implement the execution.
Under jsdk1.4 and tomcat 4, it is fine for the servlet to execute those command. But uncer jdk1.5 and tomcat 5, it gives the following error:
error to execute a command: java.io.IOException: CreateProcess: mkdir c:\m7q28 error=2
java.io.IOException: CreateProcess: mkdir c:\m7q28 error=2
Please help me if you have any idea. Thanks.

And be sure to read this:
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-2000/jw-1229-traps.html

Help needed on Servlets and JSTL

Hi
I am using tomcat 5.5 and JDK 1.5. What are the softwares I have to download for compiling servlets and creating JSTL ?. Help needed.
Thanks
IndyaRaja

I tried compling servlet, but it is raising error
that coul not find package javax.servletWhat I did not mention... you need to add those JARs in the Classpath explicitly. You will find them in %TOMCAT_HOME%\common\lib. You atleast need to add servlet-api.jar to your Classpath. :)

Communication problem between NetBeans and Tomcat

hi!
i got a quite mysterious problem. here is what happens:
- i start NetBeans 5.5.1 (the first time)
- i want to debug my JSF-Project, the Debugger starts
- After a few seconds the debugger waits for tomcat (it sais: "Waiting for Tomcat...") and tomcat starts
- Again after a few seconds the tomcat-debugger-output sais "Tomcat startet in 3333 ms".
okay.
when i enter http://localhost:8084/ in my browser i get the tomcat homepage, so the server has definitely started! But nothing happens in NetBeans and nothing happens with my project....
In the lower-right corner i see this blue working-bar that sais "deploying project" but nothing happens. The Project-Debugger-Output still sais "Waiting for Tomcat..." but nothing happens...
And after something around 3 minutes (i guess it's a timeout) i get the error "Starting of Tomcat failed." But is HAS started, i can login to the Administration-Area in my browser!
so i guess there is a communication problem between netbeans an tomcat. Netbeans waits for a message from tomcat but tomcat doesn't send it..or netbeans doesn't understand it.
But the story goes on:
When i press the debug-button a second time it takes only a few seconds till i get the message: "Tomcat server port 8084 already in use". OF COURSE! Because Tomcat has already startet and can't be stoped by NetBeans.
i'm trying to solve this problem for 4 days now, so i would be very happy if anyone has an idea where to start/continue the search...
thanks,
flo.
some system-info:
- windows vista business 32-bit
- no firewall is running
- AntiVir Personal Edition IS running
- Yahoo Widgets Engine IS running
- no other software is running
and finally the tomcat-log:
Using CATALINA_BASE: C:\Users\Administrator\.netbeans\5.5.1\apache-tomcat-5.5.17_base
Using CATALINA_HOME: C:\Program Files\NetBeans\enterprise3\apache-tomcat-5.5.17
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: C:\Users\Administrator\.netbeans\5.5.1\apache-tomcat-5.5.17_base\temp
Using JRE_HOME: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_12
Listening for transport dt_shmem at address: tomcat_shared_memory_id
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener lifecycleEvent
INFO: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_12\bin;.;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\ThinkPad\ConnectUtilities;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Teleca Shared;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\AGL;C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\bin;C:\Program Files\cvsnt;
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11BaseProtocol init
INFO: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8084
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 1862 ms
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
INFO: Starting service Catalina
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/5.5.17
21.09.2007 18:27:50 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost start
INFO: XML validation disabled
21.09.2007 18:27:53 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11BaseProtocol start
INFO: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8084
21.09.2007 18:27:54 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
INFO: JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
21.09.2007 18:27:54 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
INFO: Jk running ID=0 time=0/31 config=null
21.09.2007 18:27:54 org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreLoader load
INFO: Find registry server-registry.xml at classpath resource
21.09.2007 18:27:54 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 3626 ms

As i wrote before, the same problem occured for me. I have found a solution which is : Go to tools menu and then select options . In the proxy info, select No Proxy.
I hope this help you

Why do I need to restart Apache and Tomcat every time a java file is change

If a java file is changed and complied the changes are not reflected if Tomcat is not restarted.
The settings in server.xml are as:

<Context path="/manager" docBase="manager" debug="0" privileged="true"/>
<Context path="/cf" docBase="cf" debug="0" reloadable="false"/>
Here "cf" is my Application folder under webapps. The reloadable property when set to "true" for standalone Tomcat on Windows98 reflects the changes for compiled java files without restarting Tomcat. But on Linux 7.1 with Apache 1.3.19 and Tomcat 4.0.3 this is not working.
Also tried out with Manager Application of tomcat-users.xml with reloadable="false" as well as reloadable="true",
But when I reload the application using the command
http://servername:8080/manager/reload?path=/appli.name
It tells me that the application is reloaded but changes in the java file are still not reflected.
Also when reloaded through Manager Servlet, Only my load-on-startup servlet is reloaded, but other java classes are not.
Is it neccessary to execute this reload command from the server itself. I m executing it from a remote m/c. and have mapped the application with a domain name virtually.
Is it the case with Tomcat on Linux with Apache. Or is something going wrong on my part.
Can someone Help out plz.
Regards,
Rupali

or you can "touch" your web.xml file.
touch web.xmlor that command is for *nix systems, not sure what the Windows command is. But basically, when you edit the web.xml, even if it means updating the last modified time, it will restart only your application and you should see the changes.

How can I have a default servlet and an index.html?

Hi,
I writing a small webapp to test/understand the 2.2 Servlet Spec. I am deploying this as a WAR to Orion, Tomcat and Silverstream.
The app's name is: "myapp"
My application has an index.html, which is listed as the sole welcome-file in the welcome-file-list element in the app's web.xml.
The interesting thing is that, after adding a default Servlet (<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>), I can no longer access the app's index.html either implicitly or explicitly:
1. Implicit:
- http://localhost/myapp
- http://localhost/myapp/
2. Explicit:
- http://localhost/myapp/index.html
- http://localhost/myapp/index.html/
All of these invoke the Default Servlet in all 3 app servers.
Question: How can I have both a default Servlet and an index page?
Thanks in advance.
Miles

you can define it in the web.xml file
look at the dtd, element "welcome-file-list"

NetBeans 5.0 and Tomcat 4.1

Hello,
I'm using NetBeans 5.0 and I have been using the Bundled Tomcat version 5.5.9 for my servlet container and everything's been great. Now that I'm ready to push my application up to a web host, I found that my host (lunarpages) runs with Tomcat 4.1 which uses version 2.3 of the servlet container. Tomcat 5.5 uses servlet container 2.4.
So I downloaded Tomcat 4.1 (which has 2.3) and I don't know how to properly tell Netbeans to use it. When I open Server Manager and select 'Add Server', I can't just tell NetBeans to point to my Tomcat 4.1 directory. It wants me to select from a dropdown list of servers and Tomcat 4.1 isn't in the list.
I tried to fake NetBeans out by selecting the 'Tomcat 5' server and pointing to my Tomcat 4.1 directory but I'm getting the following message when I try to run:
FAIL - Unknown command /deploy
C:\workspace\myApp\nbproject\build-impl.xml:425: Deployment error:
Can anyone point me in the right direction on how to get Tomcat 4.1 running with NetBeans 5.0?
Thanks,
Eric

I found that my host (lunarpages) runs with Tomcat 4.1 which uses version 2.3 of the servlet containerPlease read the post before answering, the reasoning is crystal clear.
I don't have a concrete answer to this problem, but I do have a suggestion.
1) You can add your own tomcat server to netbeans. Under the runtime tab you will find servers, if you right click this you can add a server. Use this to manually configure your own server
2) as for the servlet spec problem, when creating a web project setting the java EE version to 1.3 might solve the problem... I can't tell this for sure because I've never done it.

Reading a properties file in a servlet and passing its contents to a JSP pa

Hi all,
I'm totally new to Servlet pgmg n JSP. Please can ne1 tell how to read a simple properties file (in a servlet) and pass its contents to a JSP page.Actually the reason is to fill a combo box in a JSP page with the contents of a properties file.If calling a servlet for the same is d best way to do that, plz can ne1 tell me :
1> whether to override the doPost method in the servlet in which to read d file using FileInputStream
2> Putting the contents in an array and then how to pass this array to the JSP page.
Thanks,
deepthy.

I'm using a properties file to let my web application know what the name of the database is. I'm using an abstract class GeneralDao which will be extended by all the DAO's (Data Access Objects or java classes containing SQL statements).
Here's the code :
protected Connection getDatabaseConnection()
          throws Melding
     Connection dbconn = null;
     ResourceBundle resBundle;
     try
     Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
     resBundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("gcoConfig");
     String dbConnectie = resBundle.getString("databaseconnection");
     gcoLogger.debug("lezen databaseconnection in resourceBundle " );
     dbconn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbConnectie);
     } catch (InstantiationException exc)The ResourceBundle is used to read the properties file, named gcoConfig.properties.
With the getString() command I read the content of the string named databaseconnection.
The gcoConfig.properties file is placed inside the folder C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\gco\WEB-INF\classes
The GeneralDao is placed in the folder C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\gco\WEB-INF\classes\org\gertcuppens\cluifDao.
So this class is placed some folder below the WEB-INF\classes folder of gcoConfig.properties.
And the content of the properties file is just one line :
databaseconnection=jdbc:mysql://localhost/cluif
If you want to let the JSP know what's inside the properties file, wrap the content in a Javabean, put it in the request or even the session and pass the control to the JSP.

Deploying servlet on Tomcat using "ant install" not working. Please help.

Hello. Normally I can find answers by using search, but I can't today for some reason. So please bare with me if this has been mentioned before. I will try to provide as much info as possible so that helping me isn't too much a chore. Thank you.
I have downloaded and installed the JWSDP 1.3. and Tomcat is running. I am also using Ant 1.5.4 (previous installation - not one included with JWSDP) and modeled my build.xml file after the template provided here:
http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-5.0-doc/appdev/build.xml.txt.
When I run ant on my respository, everything builds fine. But when I run Ant with the install target, I get the following error:
BUILD FAILED
file:C:/owl/build.xml:366: java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response co
de: 401 for URL: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2Fowl&war=file%3A%2F
%2FC%3A%5Cowl%2Fbuild
Here is line 366 build.xml:
localWar="file://${build.home}"/>
...which is included in this block for the target "install":
<target name="install" depends="compile"
description="Install application to servlet container">
<deploy url="${manager.url}"
username="${manager.username}"
password="${manager.password}"
path="${app.path}"
localWar="file://${build.home}"/>
</target>
When I point my brower to the url located in the error verbose, I get the following:
FAIL - Encountered exception java.lang.NullPointerException
I am trying to get my environment set up correctly before I start spending time developing servlets, but I am getting tempted to just develop to servlets and "manually" installing/deploying them either by copying and pasting or by using the Tomcat manager. I would really like to do everything from Ant though if possible. Please help.

I don't think this is at all correct:
localWar="file://${build.home}"/>You've got to create a real WAR file - a JAR file with WEB-INF and all its minions inside it:
http://access1.sun.com/techarticles/simple.WAR.html
That's the file you need to refer to there. You can manage that with Ant too, of course.
Here's what my Ant build.xml looks like for Web apps (there's a build-web.properties file that follows):
build-web.xml
<project name="Tomcat Build Tasks" default="clean" basedir=".">
    <target name="init-props">
        <tstamp>
            <format property="touch.time" pattern="MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm aa" />
        </tstamp>
        <filterset id="ant.filters">
            <filter token="DATE" value="${TODAY}" />
            <filter token="TIME" value="${TSTAMP}" />
        </filterset>
        
        <property file="build.properties" />
        
        <property file="build-web.properties" />
    </target>
    <target name="prepare" depends="init-props">
        <mkdir dir="${war.classes}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${war.lib}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${manifest}" />
    </target>
    <target name="clean" depends="init-props" description="clean up temporary files">
        <delete file="${project}.war" />
        <delete dir="${war.root}"/>
        <delete dir="${manifest}" />
    </target>
    <target name="set-tomcat-classpath" depends="prepare">
        <path id="tomcat.class.path">
            <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/bin">
                <patternset>
                    <include name="**/*.jar" />
                </patternset>
            </fileset>
            <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/shared/lib">
                <patternset>
                    <include name="**/*.jar" />
                </patternset>
            </fileset>
            <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
                <patternset>
                    <include name="**/*.jar" />
                </patternset>
            </fileset>
            <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/server/lib">
                <patternset>
                    <include name="**/*.jar" />
                </patternset>
            </fileset>
            <fileset dir="${ant.home}/lib">
                <patternset>
                    <include name="**/*.jar" />
                </patternset>
            </fileset>
        </path>
    </target>
    <target name="create" depends="set-tomcat-classpath" description="create the war file">
        
        
        <copy todir="${war.root}">
            <fileset dir="${src.jsp}"/>
        </copy>

        <copy todir="${war.root}/css">
            <fileset dir="${src.css}"/>
        </copy>
        <copy todir="${war.root}/images">
            <fileset dir="${src.images}"/>
        </copy>
        <copy todir="${war.root}/js">
            <fileset dir="${src.js}"/>
        </copy>
        
        <copy todir="${war.web}">
            <fileset dir="${src.etc}" includes="web.xml"/>
        </copy>
        
        <copy todir="${war.web}/lib">
            <fileset dir="${src.lib}" includes="**/*.jar" excludes="**/*-tests.jar, **/junit.jar"/>
        </copy>
        
        <copy todir="${war.web}/config">
            <fileset dir="${src.etc}" includes="${project}-config.xml"/>
        </copy>
        
        <copy todir="${war.web}/xsl">
            <fileset dir="${src.xsl}" includes="**/*.xsl"/>
        </copy>
        
        <copy todir="${war.web}/lib">
            <fileset dir="${deploy}" includes="**/${project}.jar"/>
        </copy>
        
        <buildnumber />
        <manifest file="${manifest}/manifest.mf">
            <attribute name="Implementation-Title"      value="${project}" />
            <attribute name="Built-By"                  value="${user.name}"/>
            <attribute name="Build-Date"                value="${TODAY}" />
            <attribute name="Major-Version"             value="${major}" />
            <attribute name="Minor-Version"             value="${minor}" />
            <attribute name="Build-Number"              value="${build.number}" />
        </manifest>
        
        <jar jarfile="${project}.war"
             manifest="${manifest}/manifest.mf">
            <fileset dir="${war.root}"/>
            <metainf dir="${src.etc}" includes="context.xml"/>
        </jar>
    </target>
    <target name="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" depends="set-tomcat-classpath">

        <taskdef name="install"     classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask"     classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="remove"      classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.RemoveTask"      classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="reload"      classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask"      classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="deploy"      classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask"      classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="undeploy"    classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.UndeployTask"    classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="start"       classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask"       classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="stop"        classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask"        classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="list"        classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask"        classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="resources"   classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ResourcesTask"   classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
        <taskdef name="roles"       classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.RolesTask"       classpath="tomcat.class.path"/>
    </target>
    <target name="install" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="install the war file on Tomcat">
        <install    url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}"
                    config="file:/${basedir}/${src.etc}/context.xml"
                    war="file:/${basedir}/${project}.war" />
    </target>
    <target name="remove" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="remove the war file on Tomcat">
        <remove     url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}" />
    </target>
    <target name="reload" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="reload the war file on Tomcat">
        <reload     url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}" />
    </target>
    <target name="deploy" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="deploy the war file on Tomcat">
        <deploy    url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}"
                    config="file:/${basedir}/${src.etc}/context.xml"
                    war="file:/${basedir}/${project}.war" />
    </target>
    <target name="undeploy" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="undeploy the war file on Tomcat">
        <undeploy   url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}" />
    </target>
    <target name="start" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="start an application on Tomcat">
        <start      url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="stop" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="stop an application on Tomcat">
        <stop       url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    path="/${project}" />
    </target>
    <target name="list" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="list all applications running on Tomcat">
        <list       url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="resources" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="list all resources on Tomcat">
        <resources url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"/>
    </target>
    <target name="data-sources" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="list all data sources on Tomcat">
        <resources url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"
                    type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
    </target>
    <target name="roles" depends="create-tomcat-admin-tasks" description="list all user roles on Tomcat">
        <roles      url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
                    username="${tomcat.username}"
                    password="${tomcat.password}"/>
    </target>
</project>
build.properties
# Properties file for setting up an Ant build.xml
# Project specific items that change each time
project=api-prototype
major=1
minor=0
version=${major}.${minor}
jar.name=${project}
versiondate=${TODAY}
# Directory structure (these should never change)
bin=bin
deploy=deploy
doc=doc
manifest=META-INF
xml=xml
# Everything under src should come out of a repository
src=src
src.bin=${src}/bin
src.config=${src}/config
src.data=${src}/data
src.dtd=${src}/dtd
src.java=${src}/java
src.lib=${src}/lib
src.profile=${src}/profile
src.properties=${src}/properties
src.schema=${src}/schema
src.sql=${src}/sql
src.templates=${src}/templates
src.testdata=${src}/testdata
src.xml=${src}/xml
src.xsl=${src}/xsl
# These are created and deleted by Ant each time
javadocs=javadocs
reports=reports
output=output
output.classes=${output}/classes
output.lib=${output}/lib
# Required for proper use of XDoclet
xdoclet.home = C:/Tools/xdoclet-1.2b3
build-web.properties
war.root=war-root
war.pages=${war.root}/pages
war.web=${war.root}/WEB-INF
war.classes=${war.web}/classes
war.css=${war.web}/css
war.js=${war.web}/js
war.lib=${war.web}/lib
war.tld=${war.web}/tld
# Properties needed by Tomcat tasks
ant.home =
tomcat.home         =
tomcat.manager.url = http://localhost:8080/manager
tomcat.username     =
tomcat.password     = MOD

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