SQL and MS Access

I have a Microsoft access database which holds information about several different people for each person there are several records each for a different week using week numbers (from 1 first week january to 52). I need to extract the last record for each person the trouble is that the last record for each person is from a different week and therefore has a different week number. i need to extract all the latest record for all the people in a single statement i cannot find a way is it possible in access.

In your last topic about this problem
http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jsp?forum=48&thread=213166
you were told to use ORDER BY and GROUP BY and WHERE.
But WHERE is a selection refering to the entire table. So only the records of the very last week (of all records) are selected.
I think the solution lies in using the HAVING clause instead of WHERE: this is a selection condition for each group, e.g.
HAVING week = ( select MAX( week ) FROM table )
Sorry, I have no time to work it out.
If you might use a SQL book or document for understanding HAVING and try it by yourself.
I hope this is possible for Access then.

Similar Messages

Oracle PL/SQL and Microsoft Access..

Does anyone know of a good tutorial on how to write the correct syntax for Oracle PL/SQL in an Access pass-through query?

Do you want to write PL/SQL via Access, or just pass a SQL string as a query? There are many books on PL/SQL if that is what you need, however, I suspect it is not.
Oracle SQL is pretty standard, except that for versions up to and including 8.x, it only accepts joins listed in the "WHERE" clause. Access itself will accept this syntax for inner joins. Most general SQL books seem to include a section on Oracle and T-sql variations.
SELECT a.field_1, b.field_2
FROM table_1 a, table_2 b
WHERE a.field_x = b.field_y ;
BUT if field_x is a CHAR field containing trailing spaces (CHAR(6) value is 'ABC ') and field_y is a VARCHAR2 field (value is 'ABC'), then the join condition should be:
WHERE TRIM(a.field_x) = b.field_y ;
for outer joins you add "(+)" to the field that may be blank
SELECT a.field_1, b.field_2
FROM table_1 a, table_2 b
WHERE a.field_x = b.field_y(+) ;
(Access) MID([field_1],2,5] becomes (Oracle) SUBSTR(field_1,2,5)
regards

AQ (PL/SQL) and JMS access to same queue?

Hello,
I have a queue of type JMS-MapMessage for which I want to enqueue messages with the
AQ PL/SQL API. How would I define it's
payload since apparently the message content
cannot be displayed by sqlplus? Alternatively, how can I set my own properties for a JMS-type queue in PL/SQL?
I'd be glad if I could get to see an example
of a PL/SQL-ENQUEUE to a JMS-type queue!
Thanks,
Karin

I am using PL/SQL directly to send JMS text messages. Works fine. Here is example:
DECLARE
Enqueue_options DBMS_AQ.enqueue_options_t;
Message_properties DBMS_AQ.message_properties_t;
Message_handle RAW(16);
User_prop_array SYS.AQ$_JMS_USERPROPARRAY;
Agent SYS.AQ$_AGENT;
Header SYS.AQ$_JMS_HEADER;
Message SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE;
Message_text VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
Agent := SYS.AQ$_AGENT('',NULL,0);
User_prop_array := SYS.AQ$_JMS_USERPROPARRAY();
Header := SYS.AQ$_JMS_HEADER( Agent, '', 'aq1', '', '', '', User_prop_array);
Message_text := 'Message 1 from PL/SQL';
Message := SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE(Header, LENGTH(Message_text), Message_text, NULL);
DBMS_AQ.ENQUEUE(queue_name => 'aq1.webapp_queue',
Enqueue_options => enqueue_options,
Message_properties => message_properties,
Payload => message,
Msgid => message_handle);
COMMIT;
END;
/

Routing and remote access logging to SQL server

Hi!
I am in the process of trying to set up SQL logging from routing and remote access on a windows server 2003 to another windows server 2003 which is running microsoft SQL server 2005.
What i did was i created a database named RRAS in the sql server and in routing and remote access i went under remote access logging and configured it, when i press "test connection" it says its successful. and when i check the local logfile i successfully
configured i can see my connection attempts towards the RRAS. but in the sql database there's nothing, no tables or anything.
I am sure i have the right permissions going on since i have only been using one account for everything so far(created the rras and the sql database), the SQL server is operational(it has a myriad of other databases that are used on a dailybasis).
So i am wondering what component is missing? do i need to create the tables manually, is there a guide that tells me how to do that?

Hi Plindgren,
Thanks for posting here.
May in know which fields we’ve created for this table ?
Please take look the link below and recheck the database settings:
Key concepts for IAS SQL Server logging
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc778830(WS.10).aspx
For more information please also refer to the link below:
Deploying SQL Server Logging with Windows Server 2003 Internet Authentication Service (IAS)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc776712(WS.10).aspx
Thanks.
Tiger Li
Tiger Li
TechNet Community Support

Differernce between SQL Tuning Pack and SQL Tuning Advisor, Access Advisor

Hi. all.
I have been using "TKPROF" in order to tune SQL till now.
I am learning 10g, and would like to know the difference
between "1. SQL Tuning Pack" and "2. SQL Tuning Advisor, Access Advisor".
Are they same thing? If not, what are the differences in their "functionality"?
All I know is that SQL Tuning Pack is not free, and SQL Tuning Advisor
is packed with default installation. Right???
Could you give me some html links or your "any advice and experience"?
Thanks in advance. Have a good day.
Best Regards.

Hi,
There are alternatives to the Oracle tuning packs, and remember the SQL advisors are relatuively simple, finding missing indexes and recommending MV's.
A human can do a better job if you use the right techniques.
BTW, you can get a SQLTuning advisor license online for only $3k:
http://www.dba-oracle.com/oracle_news/2005_3_17_dql_tuning_access_advisor_licenses_available_online.htm
SHAMELESS PITCH! - I wrote a book that describes techniques for tuning with scripts, instead of the advisors, if you are interested:
http://www.rampant-books.com/book_2005_1_awr_proactive_tuning.htm
Hope this helps. . . .
Donald K. Burleson
Oracle Press author

Error ODS activation - sql error when accessing a table.

Hi,
sometimes occurs an error by activation ODS. I have proces chain and when is loaded second packet an error occurs. In monitor>>
-RSMPC 128, datapacket 3 is wrong, with status number 9
-RSMPC 131
-RSDRO 108 - communcation error (sql error when accessing a table)
In sm21>
-sql error when accessing a table
-The exception, which is assigned to the class 'CX_SY_OPEN_SQL_DB', was
either                                                      caught nor passed along using a RAISING clause, in the procedure <b>"UPDATE_ATAB"</b>   "(FORM)"
Since the caller of the procedure could not have expected this exception
   to occur, the running program was terminated.
The reason for the exception is:
The database system recognized that your last operation on the database
would have led to a deadlock.
Therefore, your transaction was rolled back
to avoid this.
ORACLE always terminates any transaction that would result in deadlock.
The other transactions involved in this potential deadlock
are not affected by the termination.
I have BW 3.5.
Thank You very much.

There are a few different scenarios that I can think of where this might come up that all involve what might resulting in parallel (concurrent)processes:
Loading packets in parallel - that is there are X number of processes loading packets concurrently. This could be set in your IMG settings system wide or in the InfoPackage for just this datasource.   You seem to indicate that you don't have this.
Database parallel processing - RSAMDIN - ORA_PARALLEL_DEGREE ( there was a different RSADMIN parm for older versions - forget what SP the change came with).
You have multiple InfoPackages for the datasource, each loading what should be a different range of data, and they run atthe same time.
You could be loading from two different datasources to the ODS at the same time.
If any of these are true, I would look at bumping the INITRANS setting up. Your DBA will probably need to do this for table and its indices. There is a Note - 831234 that allows you to create a parameter in RSADMIN that will specify a INITRANS value (e.g. 20) rather than using the default. The ODS would need to be activated to pick this new setting up for the table to be altered.
You could also look at the Processing settings for the InfoPackage and change to PSA first, then target to see if that helps.
Or if you are loading from two different datasources at the same time, you might adjust your schedule so that doesn't happen.
Pizzaman

Questions about the future directions of InfoPath and Microsoft Access

Because I have been confused about the future directions of InfoPath and Access, I wrote a short blog post, which I have pasted below. My question is, can Microsoft provide some more guidance on Access vs InfoPath? If Access is indeed the
the future direction, can you please provide some pointers to resources that can help us transition.
A Short Review of MS Access, SharePoint ,InfoPath (2013)
After the November 2012 SharePoint Conference in Las Vegas (#spc12) there were a number of blog posts and people saying that Access 2013 was great and would be replacing InfoPath.
Marc Anderson and
Ruven
Gotz have short posts summarizing #SPC12 and touch on the subject of InfoPath and Access. I also spoke with several individuals shortly after #SPC12 and they were excited about Access 2013.
Since I rely heavily on InfoPath for much of what I do, I wanted to kick the tires and see what everyone was talking about. First, a few notes about SharePoint 2013 and Office 2013.
Microsoft should rename Access: If you have tried to
bing the word Access, then you know that the search results are overwhelming, because the word "access" is used for so many other purposes.
Use the RTM version of Office 2013! I was performing my investigations by leveraging the Office 365 Beta and the Office Applications that come with it. Not much was working! After I uninstalled the Beta
version of Office 2013 and Installed the RTM version everything seemed to work.
Windows 7 and IE 9.0: The drag & drop that is being touted as
"manna from heaven" seems to work well with Firefox, Safari, Chrome, and IE 10, but it does
not work with IE 9!
Non Microsoft browsers are still second class citizens (except for the drag & drop): Microsoft has finally done away with the Active X's for datasheet view (that is brilliant!) One can now see the newly
minted datasheet view in many browsers. But I still find that one needs to be in IE to do a number of key manual opeartions. For example pasting numerous rows of data from a spreadsheet into the new sheet view works only in IE.
Access 2013
Microsoft Access is touted as a non developer tool. I know a number of people who are on the business side and love Access. These people will like the renewed energy that Microsoft has applied to Access. One should note that conceptually
this functionality existed in SharePoint 2010. Here is what I see that is new:
+The new version works better:Although I haven't tested it fully, it seems that many more features that work on the Desktop version of Access, now work in the published Web Application which is hosted by SharePoint 2013.
+The new version has fairly robust browser based forms: End users can now fill in data using forms that are rendered in the browser.
+The published version that resides in SharePoint now uses its own SQL server tables. So the engine appears to be SQL Server, not a modified version of Access built for a server. This stands to be quite robust, but I imagine
that some quirks will surface due to new model.
The limitations are:
- Access is pretty much its own application and does not integrate with SharePoint building blocks. For example, an Access table is not easy to integrate with a SharePoint workflow. Further, although Access forms now are visible
in a browser, they are not nearly as rich as InfoPath forms. InfoPath forms cannot easily integrate with the Access tables. In order to integrate SharePoint features and Access, one needs to tie SharePoint list(s) to Access as data sources.
This overcomplicates the model and one may very well run into synchronization issues.
In short, although I believe there will be some people who will be happy with newly minted Access, I do not think that Access will be able to replace InfoPath and Workflow technologies. I do agree that Microsoft does not seem to have put much energy into
InfoPath. If they leave a vacuum in this space, then others may very well take over, for instance Nintex Forms.

Although I agree with the comments made by Ruven and Marc after the conference please note that those blog posts are their own personal opinions and that they don't work for Microsoft. A lot of people have asked Microsoft to clarify the future of InfoPath
and the response up until now has been a deafening silence. In my opinion speculations about Access replacing InfoPath are premature.
I should also point out that most of your comments about Access 2013 above are actually about Access Services in SharePoint Server 2013. Access Services are NOT Access they are a shared service offering in SharePoint that convert and publish Access
databases and forms. As you point out once an Access database is published through Access services it is converted to SQL Server and no longer resides in Access. Of course I don't work for Microsoft either so these are all just my personal opinion.
Having said that I doubt you will get the confirmation/response that you are hoping for from any official Microsoft channel.
Paul Stork SharePoint Server
MVP Principal Solutions Architect: BlueChip Consulting Group
Blog: http://dontpapanic.com/blog
Twitter: Follow @pstork
Please remember to mark your question as "answered" if this solves your problem.

Java.sql.SQLException: Error accessing jdbc driver

Hi,
We are using WebLogic Server 7.0 as Application Server.
We now create a connection pool named regPool and
a Tx datasource named regDS.
When we get the connection from the datasource, exception occurred.
java.sql.SQLException: Error accessing jdbc driver: driverURL =
jdbc:weblogic:pool:regPool, props = {enableTwoPhaseCommit=false,
jdbcTxDataSource=true, connectionPoolID=regPool}
at
weblogic.jdbc.jts.Driver.wrapAndThrowSQLException(Driver.java:323)
at weblogic.jdbc.jts.Driver.getNonTxConnection(Driver.java:377)
at weblogic.jdbc.jts.Driver.connect(Driver.java:129)
at
weblogic.jdbc.common.internal.RmiDataSource.getConnection(RmiDataSource.java
:265)
So I guess that why we can't use CMP for finding data. Here is the error when we call the finder.
javax.ejb.FinderException: Exception in findAllEmr while preparing or
executing statement: 'null'
java.sql.SQLException: Cannot obtain connection after 30 seconds. ,
Exception = Access not allowed
java.sql.SQLException: Cannot obtain connection after 30 seconds. ,
Exception = Access not allowed
at
weblogic.jdbc.jts.Connection.wrapAndThrowSQLException(Connection.java:694)
According to the exception message, it looks
like the connection fail between WLS and Oracle 9.2.
Here is a scenario I think you should need to know.
I change the table-name in the weblogic-cmp-rdbms-jar.xml
to a name that doesn't exist in the database.
Then, re-package the EJB, copy it to server and restart the server.
A exception occurred that says the table doesn't exist.
So, in this case, it looks like the datasource works and
connection is fine.
Any recommendation will be appreciated.
Jimmy Chang

Hi!
I am a default user to the databse server. I connect to the database with '\' as the username and blank passoword(I mean with Network authentication may be).When I am trying to create connection using
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@DRACINAL2:BSAJ", "/","" )
it gives me followint error
ava.sql.SQLException: Null user or password not supported in THIN driver
     void oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBError.throwSqlException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int)
     void oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBError.throwSqlException(int, java.lang.Object)
     void oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBError.check_error(int)
     oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBConversion oracle.jdbc.ttc7.TTC7Protocol.logon(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.util.Properties)
     void oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleConnection.<init>(oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBAccess, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.util.Properties)
     java.sql.Connection oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.getConnectionInstance(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.util.Properties)
     java.sql.Connection oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.connect(java.lang.String, java.util.Properties)
     java.sql.Connection java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(java.lang.String, java.util.Properties, java.lang.ClassLoader)
     java.sql.Connection java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
     void textPack.GenTextFile.main(java.lang.String[])
How should I go about it?
Thanks for your help.
-Sreekanth Varidhireddy

How to manage a "nice" url if APEX uses web pl/sql and not Apache?

Hi all,
How can I create a pretty url without using redirects or frames since APEX is using web pl/sql and not Apache? This is on version 4.0.1. We want the users to access the Apex App from a nice url without the traditional long url.
Thanks,
Veena.

How can I create a pretty url without using redirects or frames since APEX is using web pl/sql and not Apache? This is on version 4.0.1. We want the users to access the Apex App from a nice url without the traditional long url.Hi,
check out the last part of this blog post:
http://ora-00001.blogspot.com/2009/07/creating-rest-web-service-with-plsql.html
- Morten
http://ora-00001.blogspot.com

Oracle SQL and PL/SQL interview questions.

Can anyone forward me all Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Interview questions and answers asap.
Many Thanks.
Bba

Dear Pal
I not sure all the all answers are correct. I got one mail couple yrs back. I am just sharing mail contents. Kindly keep question and compare answers.
1 Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS?
EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.
2 Which datatype is used for storing graphics and images?
LONG RAW data type is used for storing BLOB's (binary large objects).
3 When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause. The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.
4 What WHERE CURRENT OF clause does in a cursor?
LOOPSELECT num_credits INTO v_numcredits FROM classesWHERE dept=123 and course=101;UPDATE studentsSET current_credits=current_credits+v_numcreditsWHERE CURRENT OF X;END LOOPCOMMIT;END;
5 What should be the return type for a cursor variable.Can we use a scalar data type as return type?
The return type for a cursor must be a record type.It can be declared explicitly as a user-defined or %ROWTYPE can be used. eg TYPE t_studentsref IS REF CURSOR RETURN students%ROWTYPE
6 What is use of a cursor variable? How it is defined?
A cursor variable is associated with different statements at run time, which can hold different values at run time. Static cursors can only be associated with one run time query. A cursor variable is reference type (like a pointer in C).Declaring a cursor variable:TYPE type_name IS REF CURSOR RETURN return_type type_name is the name of the reference type,return_type is a record type indicating the types of the select list that will eventually be returned by the cursor variable.
7 What is the purpose of a cluster?
Oracle does not allow a user to specifically locate tables, since that is a part of the function of the RDBMS. However, for the purpose of increasing performance, oracle allows a developer to create a CLUSTER. A CLUSTER provides a means for storing data from different tables together for faster retrieval than if the table placement were left to the RDBMS.
8 What is the maximum buffer size that can be specified using the DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function?
1,000,00
9 What is syntax for dropping a procedure and a function .Are these operations possible?
Drop Procedure procedure_nameDrop Function function_name
10 What is OCI. What are its uses?
Oracle Call Interface is a method of accesing database from a 3GL program. Uses--No precompiler is required,PL/SQL blocks are executed like other DML statements. The OCI library provides· -functions to parse SQL statemets· -bind input variables· -bind output variables· -execute statements· -fetch the results
11 What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY whereas there can be any number of UNIQUE keys. The columns that compose PK are automatically define NOT NULL, whereas a column that compose a UNIQUE is not automatically defined to be mandatory must also specify the column is NOT NULL.
12 What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
SUBSTR returns a specified portion of a string eg SUBSTR('BCDEF',4) output BCDEINSTR provides character position in which a pattern is found in a string. eg INSTR('ABC-DC-F','-',2) output 7 (2nd occurence of '-')
13 What is difference between SQL and SQL*PLUS?
SQL*PLUS is a command line tool where as SQL and PL/SQL language interface and reporting tool. Its a command line tool that allows user to type SQL commands to be executed directly against an Oracle database. SQL is a language used to query the relational database(DML,DCL,DDL). SQL*PLUS commands are used to format query result, Set options, Edit SQL commands and PL/SQL.
14 What is difference between Rename and Alias?
Rename is a permanent name given to a table or column whereas Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column which do not exist once the SQL statement is executed.
15 What is difference between a formal and an actual parameter?
The variables declared in the procedure and which are passed, as arguments are called actual, the parameters in the procedure declaration. Actual parameters contain the values that are passed to a procedure and receive results. Formal parameters are the placeholders for the values of actual parameters
16 What is an UTL_FILE.What are different procedures and functions associated with it?
UTL_FILE is a package that adds the ability to read and write to operating system files. Procedures associated with it are FCLOSE, FCLOSE_ALL and 5 procedures to output data to a file PUT, PUT_LINE, NEW_LINE, PUTF, FFLUSH.PUT, FFLUSH.PUT_LINE,FFLUSH.NEW_LINE. Functions associated with it are FOPEN, ISOPEN.
17 What is a view ?
A view is stored procedure based on one or more tables, its a virtual table.
18 What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
It is a column that is not an actual column in the table.eg USER, UID, SYSDATE, ROWNUM, ROWID, NULL, AND LEVEL.
19 What is a OUTER JOIN?
Outer Join--Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they dont satisfy the join condition.
20 What is a cursor?
Oracle uses work area to execute SQL statements and store processing information PL/SQL construct called a cursor lets you name a work area and access its stored information A cursor is a mechanism used to fetch more than one row in a Pl/SQl block.
21 What is a cursor for loop?
Cursor For Loop is a loop where oracle implicitly declares a loop variable, the loop index that of the same record type as the cursor's record.
22 What are various privileges that a user can grant to another user?
· SELECT· CONNECT· RESOURCES
23 What are various constraints used in SQL?
· NULL· NOT NULL· CHECK· DEFAULT
24 What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
Using ORACLE PRECOMPILERS, SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks can be contained inside 3GL programs written in C,C++,COBOL,PASCAL, FORTRAN,PL/1 AND ADA.The Precompilers are known as Pro*C,Pro*Cobol,...This form of PL/SQL is known as embedded pl/sql,the language in which pl/sql is embedded is known as the host language. The prcompiler translates the embedded SQL and pl/sql ststements into calls to the precompiler runtime library.The output must be compiled and linked with this library to creater an executable.
25 What are different Oracle database objects?
· TABLES· VIEWS· INDEXES· SYNONYMS· SEQUENCES· TABLESPACES etc
26 What are different modes of parameters used in functions and procedures?
· IN· OUT· INOUT
27 What are cursor attributes?
· %ROWCOUNT· %NOTFOUND· %FOUND· %ISOPEN
28 What a SELECT FOR UPDATE cursor represent. [ANSWER]SELECT......FROM......FOR......UPDATE[OF column-reference][NOWAIT] The processing done in a fetch loop modifies the rows that have been retrieved by the cursor. A convenient way of modifying the rows is done by a method with two parts: the FOR UPDATE clause in the cursor declaration, WHERE CURRENT OF CLAUSE in an UPDATE or declaration statement.
29 There is a string 120000 12 0 .125 , how you will find the position of the decimal place?
INSTR('120000 12 0 .125',1,'.')output 13
30 There is a % sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it?
'' Should be used before '%'.
31 Suppose a customer table is having different columns like customer no, payments.What will be the query to select top three max payments?
SELECT customer_no, payments from customer C1
WHERE 3<=(SELECT COUNT(*) from customer C2
WHERE C1.payment <= C2.payment)
32 minvalue.sql Select the Nth lowest value from a table
select level, min('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') <
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second lowest salary:
-- select level, min(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal < sal
-- group by level
33 maxvalue.sql Select the Nth Highest value from a table
select level, max('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') >
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second highest salary:
-- select level, max(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal > sal
-- group by level
34 How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
SELECT * FROM emp
Where emp_no+' '=12345;
i.e you have to concatenate the column name with space within codes in the where condition.
SELECT /*+ FULL(a) */ ename, emp_no from emp
where emp_no=1234;
i.e using HINTS
35 How you will avoid duplicating records in a query?
By using DISTINCT
36 How you were passing cursor variables in PL/SQL 2.2?
In PL/SQL 2.2 cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.This is because the storage for a cursor variable has to be allocated using Pro*C or OCI with version 2.2, the only means of passing a cursor variable to a PL/SQL block is via bind variable or a procedure parameter.
37 How you open and close a cursor variable.Why it is required?
OPEN cursor variable FOR SELECT...Statement
CLOSE cursor variable In order to associate a cursor variable with a particular SELECT statement OPEN syntax is used. In order to free the resources used for the query CLOSE statement is used.
38 How will you delete duplicating rows from a base table?
delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values_field_name); or
delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);
39 How do you find the numbert of rows in a Table ?
A bad answer is count them (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name)
A good answer is :-
'By generating SQL to ANALYZE TABLE table_name COUNT STATISTICS by querying Oracle System Catalogues (e.g. USER_TABLES or ALL_TABLES).
The best answer is to refer to the utility which Oracle released which makes it unnecessary to do ANALYZE TABLE for each Table individually.
40 Find out nth highest salary from emp table
SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
For Eg:-
Enter value for n: 2
SAL
3700
41 Display the records between two range?
select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);
42 Display the number value in Words?
SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp'))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,'J'),'JSP'))
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like, Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal "Salary ",
(' Rs. '|| (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'Jsp'))|| ' only.'))
"Sal in Words" from emp
Salary Sal in Words
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only.
43 Display Odd/ Even number of records
Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
Output:-
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
Output:-
2
4
6
44 Difference between procedure and function.
Functions are named PL/SQL blocks that return a value and can be called with arguments procedure a named block that can be called with parameter. A procedure all is a PL/SQL statement by itself, while a Function call is called as part of an expression.
45 Difference between NO DATA FOUND and %NOTFOUND
NO DATA FOUND is an exception raised only for the SELECT....INTO statements when the where clause of the querydoes not match any rows. When the where clause of the explicit cursor does not match any rows the %NOTFOUND attribute is set to TRUE instead.
46 Difference between database triggers and form triggers?
Data base trigger(DBT) fires when a DML operation is performed on a data base table. Form trigger(FT) Fires when user presses a key or navigates between fields on the screen
Can be row level or statement level No distinction between row level and statement level.
Can manipulate data stored in Oracle tables via SQL Can manipulate data in Oracle tables as well as variables in forms.
Can be fired from any session executing the triggering DML statements. Can be fired only from the form that define the trigger.
Can cause other database triggers to fire.Can cause other database triggers to fire, but not other form triggers.
47 Difference between an implicit & an explicit cursor.
PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all SQL data manipulation statements, including quries that return only one row. However,queries that return more than one row you must declare an explicit cursor or use a cursor FOR loop.
Explicit cursor is a cursor in which the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a SELECT statement via the CURSOR...IS statement. An implicit cursor is used for all SQL statements Declare, Open, Fetch, Close. An explicit cursors are used to process multirow SELECT statements An implicit cursor is used to process INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and single row SELECT. .INTO statements.
48 Can you use a commit statement within a database trigger?
No.
49 Can the default values be assigned to actual parameters?
Yes
50 Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables.If yes how. If not why?
No, a cursor variable points a row which cannot be stored in a two-dimensional PL/SQL table.
51 Can a primary key contain more than one columns?
Yes
52 Can a function take OUT parameters. If not why?
No. A function has to return a value,an OUT parameter cannot return a value.
53 What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
Self join-Its a join foreign key of a table references the same table. Outer Join--Its a join condition used where One can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don't satisfy the join condition.
Equi-join--Its a join condition that retrieves rows from one or more tables in which one or more columns in one table are equal to one or more columns in the second table.
54 Differentiate between TRUNCATE and DELETE
TRUNCATE deletes much faster than DELETE
TRUNCATE
DELETE
It is a DDL statement It is a DML statement
It is a one way trip,cannot ROLLBACK One can Rollback
Doesn't have selective features (where clause) Has
Doesn't fire database triggers Does
It requires disabling of referential constraints. Does not require
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
31 Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
32 Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
33 How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC C, PRO COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.
BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any
out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
34 How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the returned Boolean value.
35 Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
36 Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
37 Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor.
Database Triggers
38 Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor.
PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries.
User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
39 Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
Programmatic Constructs
Last Update: September 06, 2004
1 What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database ?
Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.
2 What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints ?
A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.
3 What is difference between Procedures and Functions ?
A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.
4 What is Database Trigger ?
A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in,update to, or delete from a table.
5 What is a Procedure ?
A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
6 What is a Package ?
A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.
7 What are the uses of Database Trigger ?
Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.
8 What are the advantages of having a Package ?
Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)
1 With which function of summary item is the compute at options required?
percentage of total functions.
2 Why is it preferable to create a fewer no. of queries in the data model?
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
3 Why is a Where clause faster than a group filter or a format trigger?
Because, in a where clause the condition is applied during data retrieval than after retrieving the data.
4 Which parameter can be used to set read level consistency across multiple queries?
Read only.
5 Which of the two views should objects according to possession?
view by structure.
6 Which of the above methods is the faster method?
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
7 Where is the external query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.
8 Where is a procedure return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.
9 When do you use data parameter type?
When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to produts invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.
10 When a form is invoked with call_form, Does oracle forms issues a save point?
Yes
11 What are the important difference between property clause and visual attributes?
Named visual attributes differ only font, color & pattern attributes, property clauses can contain this and any other properties. You can change the appearance of objects at run time by changing the named visual attributes programmatically , property clause assignments cannot be changed programmatically. When an object is inheriting from both a property clause and named visual attribute, the named visual attribute settings take precedence, and any visual attribute properties in the class are ignored.
12 What use of command line parameter cmd file?
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
13 What is WHEN-Database-record trigger?
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. c generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
14 What is use of term?
The term file which key is correspond to which oracle report functions.
15 What is trigger associated with the timer?
When-timer-expired.
16 What is the use of transactional triggers?
Using transactional triggers we can control or modify the default functionality of the oracle forms.
17 What is the use of place holder column?
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
18 What is the use of image_zoom built-in?
To manipulate images in image items.
19 What is the use of hidden column?
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
20 What is the use of break group?
A break group is used to display one record for one group ones. While multiple related records in other group can be displayed.
21 What is the remove on exit property?
For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
22 What is the purpose of the product order option in the column property sheet?
To specify the order of individual group evaluation in a cross products.
23 What is the maximum no of chars the parameter can store?
The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.
24 What is the main diff. bet. Reports 2.0 & Reports 2.5?
Report 2.5 is object oriented.
25 What is the frame & repeating frame?
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
26 What is the difference between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
27 What is the difference between object embedding & linking in Oracle forms?
In Oracle forms, Embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
28 What is the difference between boiler plat images and image items?
Boiler plate Images are static images (Either vector or bit map) that you import from the file system or database to use a graphical elements in your form, such as company logos and maps. Image items are special types of interface controls that store and display either vector or bitmap images. Like other items that store values, image items can be either base table items(items that relate directly to database columns) or control items. The definition of an image item is stored as part of the form module FMB and FMX files, but no image file is actually associated with an image item until the item is populate at run time.
29 What is the difference between $$DATE$$ & $$DBDATE$$ $$DBDATE$$ retrieves the current database date $$date$$ retrieves the current operating system date.
30 What is the diff. when Flex mode is mode on and when it is off?
When flex mode is on, reports automatically resizes the parent when the child is resized.
31 What is the diff. when confine mode is on and when it is off?
When confine mode is on, an object cannot be moved outside its parent in the layout.
32 What is the diff. bet. setting up of parameters in reports 2.0 reports 2.5?
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
33 What is the advantage of the library?
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
34 What is term?
The term is terminal definition file that describes the terminal form which you are using r20run.
35 What is system.coordination_operation?
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
36 What is synchronize?
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
37 What is strip sources generate options?
Removes the source code from the library file and generates a library files that contains only pcode. The resulting file can be used for final deployment, but can not be subsequently edited in the designer. ex. f45gen module=old_lib.pll userid=scott/tiger strip_source YES output_file
38 What is relation between the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.
39 What is pop list?
The pop list style list item appears initially as a single field (similar to a text item field). When the operator selects the list icon, a list of available choices appears.
40 What is new_form built-in?
When one form invokes another form by executing new_form oracle form exits the first form and releases its memory before loading the new form calling new form completely replace the first with the second. If there are changes pending in the first form, the operator will be prompted to save them before the new form is loaded.
41 What is lexical reference? How can it be created?
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
42 What is forms_DDL?
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/SQl and DDL
43 What is difference between open_form and call_form?
when one form invokes another form by executing open_form the first form remains displayed, and operators can navigate between the forms as desired. when one form invokes another form by executing call_form, the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is, any windows that belong to the calling form are disabled, and operators cannot navigate to them until they first exit the called form.
44 What is bind reference and how can it be created?
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
45 What is an user exit used for?
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments ) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control ( and ) back to Oracle reports.
46 What is an OLE?
Object Linking & Embedding provides you with the capability to integrate objects from many Ms-Windows applications into a single compound document creating integrated applications enables you to use the features form .
47 What is an object group?
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
48 What is an anchoring object & what is its use?
An anchoring object is a print condition object which used to explicitly or implicitly anchor other objects to itself.
49 What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
50 What is a timer?
Timer is an "internal time clock" that you can programmatically create to perform an action each time the timer expires.
51 What is a Text_io Package?
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
52 What is a text list?
The text list style list item appears as a rectangular box which displays the fixed number of values. When the text list contains values that can not be displayed, a vertical scroll bar appears, allowing the operator to view and select undisplayed values.
53 What is a property clause?
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
54 What is a physical page ? & What is a logical page ?
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
55 What is a library?
A library is a collection of subprograms including user named procedures, functions and packages.
56 What is a difference between pre-select and pre-query?
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
57 What is a combo box?
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
58 What does the term panel refer to with regard to pages?
A panel is the no. of physical pages needed to print one logical page.
59 What are visual attributes?
Visual attributes are the font, color, pattern proprieties that you set for form and menu objects that appear in your application interface.
60 What are three panes that appear in the run time pl/sql interpreter?
1.Source pane. 2. interpreter pane. 3. Navigator pane.
Regards
B RANGARAJAN

SQL Exception in Access

Hi,
Getting a run-time error from a simple application:
java.sql.SQLException: [Microsoft][ODBC Microsoft Access Driver] Too few parameters. Expected 1.
The offending statement is:
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT usr,pwd,type FROM user_login WHERE usr=\"guest\"");
Using MS-Access. This SQL runs fine from the sql interface in Access.
Any help or pointer will be appreciated. Please let me know if you need any more info.
Thanks,
Arun

Thanks Paul.
I did try your suggestion, though the exception does not occur any more there are no results for the valid query (which works fine in the sql interface of access as well).
Any thoughts why such a behavior migt be happening?
The string that I pass now is:
SELECT usr,pwd,type FROM user_login WHERE usr='guest'
The same statement fetches results from the sql interface while through the JDBC/ODBC interaction no results are produced.
Thanks for your time and replies.
-- Arun

10g doing VIEW type join even when no view in SQL - and performing poorly

Using 10.2.0.2.0
Every once in a while I see CBO deciding to use VIEW type join even when there is no view in the SQL and whenever it does that the performance just sucks.
Example –
SQL-
SELECT a.emplid, a.empl_rcd, TO_CHAR (((a.dur) + (:"SYS_B_00")), :"SYS_B_01"),
a.seqnum
FROM ps_wrk_adhoc_tao5 a, ps_tl_prof_wrk5 b, ps_tl_empl_data c
WHERE a.dur =
(SELECT MAX (a1.dur)
FROM ps_wrk_adhoc_tao5 a1
WHERE a1.process_instance = :"SYS_B_02"
AND a1.emplid = a.emplid
AND a1.empl_rcd = a.empl_rcd)
AND a.dur < TO_DATE (:"SYS_B_03", :"SYS_B_04")
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT :"SYS_B_05"
FROM ps_tl_ta_exceptn5 q
WHERE q.process_instance = :"SYS_B_06"
AND q.exception_id = :"SYS_B_07"
AND q.emplid = a.emplid
AND q.empl_rcd = a.empl_rcd
AND q.dur = a.dur)
AND :"SYS_B_08" = :"SYS_B_09"
AND c.emplid = a.emplid
AND b.emplid = a.emplid
AND c.empl_rcd = a.empl_rcd
AND b.empl_rcd = a.empl_rcd
AND c.effdt =
(SELECT MAX (c1.effdt)
FROM ps_tl_empl_data c1
WHERE c1.emplid = c.emplid
AND c1.empl_rcd = c.empl_rcd
AND c1.effdt <= ((a.dur) + (:"SYS_B_10")))
AND b.effdt =
(SELECT MAX (b1.effdt)
FROM ps_tl_prof_wrk5 b1
WHERE b1.process_instance = :"SYS_B_11"
AND b1.emplid = b.emplid
AND b1.empl_rcd = b.empl_rcd
AND b1.effdt <= ((a.dur) + (:"SYS_B_12")))
AND c.time_rptg_status = :"SYS_B_13"
AND b.empl_status IN (:"SYS_B_14", :"SYS_B_15", :"SYS_B_16", :"SYS_B_17")
AND a.process_instance = :"SYS_B_18"
AND b.process_instance = :"SYS_B_19"
Plan –
Operation Object Name Rows Bytes Cost Object Node In/Out PStart PStop
SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer Mode=CHOOSE 1 18
NESTED LOOPS ANTI 1 153 13
NESTED LOOPS 1 125 12
NESTED LOOPS 1 103 10
HASH JOIN 1 76 9
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS0WRK_ADHOC_TAO5 7 245 2
SORT AGGREGATE 1 21
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5 6 126 3
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5 6 2
VIEW SYS.VW_SQ_1 524 20 K 6
HASH GROUP BY 524 40 K 6
FILTER
MERGE JOIN 1 K 124 K 5
SORT JOIN 151 5 K 2
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5 151 5 K 1
SORT JOIN 214 8 K 3
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS0WRK_ADHOC_TAO5 214 8 K 2
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5 1 27 1
INDEX UNIQUE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5 1 0
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA 1 22 2
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA 1 1
SORT AGGREGATE 1 20
FIRST ROW 1 20 2
INDEX RANGE SCAN (MIN/MAX) SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA 1 20 2
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_TA_EXCEPTN5 1 28 1
If I use a rule hint here I get this plan. I get the plan given below on another database even without the rule hint –
Operation Object Name Rows Bytes Cost Object Node In/Out PStart PStop
SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer Mode=HINT: RULE
FILTER
FILTER
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA
NESTED LOOPS
NESTED LOOPS
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA
SORT AGGREGATE
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_WRK_ADHOC_TAO5
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_TA_EXCEPTN5
SORT AGGREGATE
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_EMPL_DATA
SORT AGGREGATE
INDEX RANGE SCAN SYSADM.PS_TL_PROF_WRK5
The whole schema was analyzed using dbms.stats only yesterday. My question is why is Oracle doing VIEW, and how can I stop it from doing that. Hint is not an option.

I understand that SQL Developer takes it's NLS settings from Preferences - Database - NLS Parameters. What I was not aware of is that when SQL Developer is run for the first time the NLS Parameters seem to be populated from the settings on the OS of the PC it is running on. To test that this was the case I did the following
I work on a Windows XP system with Regional Options - Standards and Formats and Regional Options - Location set with English (United Kingdom) and United Kingdom respectively.
I unzipped two clean SQL Developer instances (both Version 1.2.1). The first instance I first ran under my current PC set up without importing settings from a previous installation. The Preferences - Database - NLS Parameters - Language and Preferences - Database - NLS Parameters - Territory had been populated with English and United Kingdom.
I then changed the Regional Options on the OS to English (United States) and United States and ran the second instance of SQL Developer for the first time, again without importing settings. In this instance of SQL Developer the NLS Parameters were populated with American and America.
When the first instance of SQL Developer was the checked under these OS settings the NLS Parameters were still English and United Kingdom.
I was not aware this was the case and, if my test is correct, it seems to contradict the SQL Developer user guide http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E10405_01/doc/appdev.120/e10406/intro.htm#CHDBHCAG
James
Message was edited by: Jampat to include SQL Developer version number.

Get an error for changing the windows authentication mode to the both SQL and windows authentication mode

I installed the SQL server Express 2008 R2 and then SQL Server Management Studio 2008 R2 . But during the installation, I could not choose the both SQL and windows authentication mode and an error accrued so I did that just with windows authentication mode.
Now, I want to change the windows authentication mode account to the SQL authentication mode but it shows me an error which is you do not have permission (Although I am the administrator in windows), what can I do?
Following steps are the steps that I went but I got an error:
Server properties >> security >> choose the option of SQL Server and Windows Authentication mode
and the error that I got is attached(access is denied)
Can you please help me?

You can change the setting after you gain admin rights to your SQL Server. You don't admin rights automatically, you have to explicitly add yourself during the install
Here's a guide on how to (re)gain those rights:
http://v-consult.be/2011/05/26/recover-sa-password-microsoft-sql-server-2008-r2/

Routing and Remote Access VPN DHCP error

I have a strange problem.
I have a client that is using Server 2012 Standard.
On this server they have Routing and Remote Access configured for VPN client access. Their users that are working outside the office connect to the VPN to access the internal network.
The VPN works fine for the most part. Recently however, it has started having issues.
Periodically (about once every 8 days) I will hear from them that they cannot connect and that they get error 720. I will check the server and the server will have the following errors in the event log:
Warning: No IP address is available to hand out to the dial-in client.
If you check DHCP the server is running fine and will hand out local addresses but it will not hand out addresses to VPN clients. Also the addresses that it HAS previously handed out to VPN clients will not show in the address leases.
The solution strangly enough is to disconnect and reconnect a the VPN client connection that the server has connecting it to a offsite server that it does a SQL sync with.
Any ideas as to what might be causing this? If need be I can post more detailed logs but I am not sure what logs even to post or what data to collect.
Any help is greatly appreciated.

I am experiencing the same issue on a Windows 2008R2 SP1 RAS server. The above statement About increasing the lease time on DHCP does not resolve the problem.
I am also Searching for a Solutions to this issue.
Up to now I have done the Following :
1. Increased the scope/ cleared IP's in DHCP.
2. Ensure that the DHCP server is accessable.
3. Created a Manual Scope on RRAS configurations settings (then clients can connect but cannot access resources on the network). Changing Back to DHCP, you recieve the same 720 Error.
4. Stop and started the DHCP services on the DHCP Server.
5. Stop and Started RRAS Services on RRAS server.
The Only Indication is, that DHCP for some reason does not lease out Addresses to the RRAS server..

User Schema's and default access

Hi,
I noticed that my schema A and B can create tables , etc. for each other. When I log in as A I should only see and have access to schema A. When I log in as B only for B.
Why is that not happening?

(1) CREATE USER fountain WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA A
-- Assuming that there already is a login A.
GRANT CREATE TABLE TO fountain
go
CREATE SCHEMA fountain AUHTORIZATION fountain
I get an error that there is the wrong syntax near "fountain". No idea why.
(2) Secondly, what about all the other rights like alter table, insert, delete, drop..do I need to restrict access to all those operations manually? I thought it would be easier to create a user that has only access to his/her schema.
(1)
It's simply a typo.
It should be ..."AUTHORIZATION"...
(2)
Well, if you want a user to have FULL permissions on a certain schema you can make him the owner of that schema as you did, or give him CONTROL permission on the schema.
I don't see where this is not "simple"
it GETS more complicated when you want to grant only CERTAIN permissions for sure.
Andreas Wolter (Blog |
Twitter)
MCSM: Microsoft Certified Solutions Master Data Platform, MCM, MVP
www.SarpedonQualityLab.com |
www.SQL-Server-Master-Class.com

SQL and MS Access

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