TOP COMMAND FOR MEMORY AVALABILITY

Hi
My database is 10g.
BANNER
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
I want to check the resource availability i got the info from top command
Memory: 128G real, 6595M free, 67G swap in use, 275G swap free
PID USERNAME LWP PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND
20745 oracle 2 44 0 0K 0K sleep 70:21 0.65% oracle
25404 oracle 1 55 0 0K 0K sleep 2:30 0.60% oracle
12551 oracle 2 59 0 0K 0K sleep 10:31 0.33% oracle
16841 odiuser 1 59 0 11M 3408K cpu/51 0:02 0.06% top
22475 oracle 1 53 2 0K 0K sleep 18:12 0.03% oracle
13007 oracle 2 59 0 0K 0K sleep 12:30 0.03% oracle
14879 oracle 2 59 0 0K 0K sleep 2:38 0.02% oracle
13035 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 6:46 0.02% oracle
22471 oracle 2 53 2 0K 0K sleep 16:28 0.02% oracle
13029 oracle 2 59 0 0K 0K sleep 5:30 0.02% oracle
13000 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 3:47 0.02% oracle
2770 oracle 27 29 10 259M 162M sleep 2:09 0.01% java
28056 odiuser 26 47 4 333M 189M sleep 286:00 0.01% java
11218 oracle 2 54 0 0K 0K sleep 4:22 0.01% oracle
17757 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 0:00 0.01% oracle
how to analyze the with above inforamtion whether it has enough memory or not.
load averages: 0.79, 1.12, 1.33 06:25:09
181 processes: 180 sleeping, 1 on cpu
CPU states: 97.7% idle, 1.6% user, 0.7% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap
can anyone analyze help me to analyze the following
load averages
processes
cpu states
Please advice.

Your system was sitting idle for 97.7%
NO swaaping is gioin on, for more info you can corsscheck the same with VMSTAT,IOSTAT
for more info about top command utility
http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl1top.htm_

Similar Messages

Show TOP command for IOS

In the "set" based CatOS SW, there is a command "show top <n>" that will take, by default, a 30 second sampling of the port utilization of all ports on the switch. I am wondering if there is a similiar command in the IOS based switch SW.

Hi,
The Native IOS equivalent to "show top" is available on the Catalyst 6500 platform only. The feature is documented here:
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/122sx/swcg/topn.htm
Release 12.2(18)SXE (for SUP720), 12.2(18)SXF (for SUP720, SUP32 and SUP2) and later releases support the Top N utility
Here is an example of the command in application:
6500-C#collect top 10 counters interface all
TopN collection started.
6500-C#
7w5d: %TOPN_COUNTERS-5-STARTED: TopN collection for report 1 started by
console
7w5d: %TOPN_COUNTERS-5-AVAILABLE: TopN report 1 is available <==Report
ready
6500-C#show top counters interface report
Id Start Time Int N Sort-By Status Owner
1 13:41:20 UTC Tue Feb 7 2006 30 10 util done console
6500-C#show top counters interface report 1
Started By : console
Start Time : 13:41:20 UTC Tue Feb 7 2006
End Time : 13:41:51 UTC Tue Feb 7 2006
Port Type : All
Sort By : util
Interval : 30 seconds
Port Band Util Bytes Packets Broadcast Multicast
In- Buf-
width (Tx + Rx) (Tx + Rx) (Tx + Rx) (Tx + Rx)
err ovfl
Te1/1 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/24 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/23 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/22 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/21 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/20 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/19 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/18 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/17 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Fa9/16 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
6500-C#
HTH,
Bobby
*Please rate helpful posts.

Query on Linux 'top' command in Linux for oracle user

This is the output of 'top' command in one of my linux server hosting One Oracle instance with 600MB SGA and 400MB PGA. One one instance is up in this server.
top - 14:36:37 up 4:26, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.11, 0.28
Tasks: 124 total, 1 running, 123 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.2% us, 0.1% sy, 0.0% ni, 66.6% id, 33.1% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si
Mem: 12299332k total, *2569836k* used, 9729496k free, 61288k buffers
Swap: 20972816k total, 0k used, 20972816k free, 2274852k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
6345 oracle 16 0 37132 1752 1172 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 sshd
6346 oracle 16 0 54004 1536 1208 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 bash
6423 oracle 16 0 45376 10m 6228 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.25 tnslsnr
6471 oracle 16 0 740m 17m 13m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 oracle
6473 oracle 16 0 739m 15m 12m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 oracle
6475 oracle 16 0 739m 32m 29m S 0.0 0.3 0:00.07 oracle
6477 oracle 16 0 742m 50m 44m S 0.0 0.4 0:00.27 oracle
6479 oracle 16 0 754m 23m 19m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.43 oracle
6481 oracle 16 0 739m 24m 20m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.61 oracle
6483 oracle 16 0 740m 88m 83m S 0.0 0.7 0:00.71 oracle
6485 oracle 16 0 739m 22m 19m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 oracle
6487 oracle 16 0 740m 30m 25m S 0.0 0.3 0:00.15 oracle
6489 oracle 16 0 741m 55m 48m S 0.0 0.5 0:00.29 oracle
6491 oracle 16 0 739m 24m 20m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 oracle
6493 oracle 16 0 739m 15m 11m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 oracle
6495 oracle 16 0 739m 14m 11m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 oracle
6622 oracle 16 0 739m 16m 13m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 oracle
6626 oracle 16 0 740m 79m 74m S 0.0 0.7 0:01.95 oracle
6636 oracle 16 0 740m 28m 23m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.06 oracle
6638 oracle 16 0 739m 16m 12m S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 oracle
6846 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 oracle
6848 oracle 16 0 739m 24m 21m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.04 oracle
6850 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 oracle
6852 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 oracle
6854 oracle 16 0 739m 30m 26m S 0.0 0.3 0:00.12 oracle
6856 oracle 15 0 739m 28m 24m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.18 oracle
6858 oracle 15 0 740m 40m 35m S 0.0 0.3 0:06.39 oracle
6862 oracle 16 0 739m 32m 28m S 0.0 0.3 0:02.25 oracle
6864 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 oracle
6866 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 oracle
6868 oracle 16 0 739m 19m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 oracle
7480 oracle 15 0 37264 1668 1092 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 sshd
7481 oracle 15 0 54004 1528 1196 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 bash
10333 oracle 16 0 739m 20m 16m S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 oracle
10337 oracle 15 0 6168 1080 768 R 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 top
Total RAM as seen from top command is 12G.
*2569836* - Total RAM which is being used currently .
How can I see the total RAM used by all Oracle Processes running in this server. The server is Linux X86 64 Bit. Can I sum up the values under 'VIRT' column of 'top' command to see the total RAM used ?
Is there a way to see the total RAM and CPU used by Oracle from top ?
'VIRT' is the virtual memory - In what way is this related to the figure above, which is the physical memory (RAM) ?
Thanks in Advance
SSN
Edited by: SSNair on Oct 21, 2010 2:39 AM

Oracle used shared memory to implement the SGA, which constituted the largest memory consumption of the Oracle instance. The problem is that in many modern OS, including linux, it is hard to define the actual memory usage fo a software. This is because the memory used by a process is actually composed of shared (e.g., shared memory, shared library, executable code) and private (e.g., the heap, the stack) components. Utilities like top, ps, etc reports all memory visible by a process, disregarding whether it is shared or not. As a result, the total of VIRT etc will be inflated by the shared components. For a more accurate figure of memory usage, shared memory / library / code should be counted once.
Before 11g, Oracle used System V ipc, and the amount of memory allocated can be checked using ipcs. In 11g, Oracle switched to /dev/shm, use df to check the memory allocation. (Thanks user11150436)
The "Mem used" figure in top is the actual usage of the memory: shared memory and library are not multi-counted. However, Linux will always cache (read before actually requested) and buffer (write after signalling completion) disk I/O. Therefore, "Mem used" is almost always very close to the amount of physical memory. "Mem used" - "buffers" - "cached" reflects the memory actually used by the OS and all programs more accuately.
And you can use the pmap utility to check the memory map. Then you classify the sharable and unsharable memory usage to calculate a more accurate result suiting your need. You need OS knowledge to understand the output.

How to find memory taken by a process using top command

I wanted to know how to find the memory taken by a process using top command. The output of the top command is as follows as an example:
Mem: 13333364k total, 13238904k used, 94460k free, 623640k buffers
Swap: 25165816k total, 112k used, 25165704k free, 4572904k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
16514 applmgr 25 0 2197m 1.7g 10m S 0.3 13.0 15:20.67 java
30692 crestelo 22 0 2901m 1.4g 9284 S 0.0 11.0 3:03.68 java
30431 crestelo 25 0 2043m 1.4g 161m S 50.9 11.0 79:02.73 java
30869 crestelo 25 0 2860m 1.2g 9292 S 0.0 9.6 7:11.18 java
16655 applmgr 23 0 1934m 1.1g 10m S 0.3 8.9 2:17.49 java
16319 crestelo 19 0 1541m 299m 44m S 0.0 2.3 2:52.11 java
I hope, my question is clear as to how to find the memory taken by a process using top command.
Please revert with the reply to my query.
Regards

Have you tried "man top" to see the documentation for the top command?
How about the following: http://lmgtfy.com/?q=show+memory+with+top+command
The 5th column (VIRT) shows the amount of RAM + swap
The 6th column (RES) shows RAM
The 7th column (SHR) shows memory shared between processes

How to find memory taken by Oracle processes using top command

I wanted to know how to find the memory taken by Oracle processes using top command. The output of the top command is as follows as an example:
Mem: 16436072k total, 16215708k used, 220364k free, 395128k buffers
Swap: 25165816k total, 1168288k used, 23997528k free, 13366520k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
27281 oraprod 15 0 6705m 1.3g 1.3g S 0.0 8.6 61:44.71 oracle
27383 oraprod 15 0 6702m 1.2g 1.2g S 0.0 7.7 2:22.75 oracle
5199 oraprod 16 0 6745m 1.1g 1.0g S 0.0 6.8 2:51.23 oracle
The different Oracle processes could be Oracle database, Oracle listener, Oracle enterprise manager etc.
I hope, my question is clear as to how to find the memory taken by a process using top command.
Please revert with the reply to my query.
Regards

a short and correct answer would be: you can't.
As oracle uses a fair amount of shared memory, and that shared memory is attached to most of the oracle processes, the same memory appears a number of times.
you should rephrase your question / what is it you want to achieve?
you can ask oracle how much memory is assigned to it, v$sga, v$sgastat, v$process (for PGA). moreover, you as DBA are the one who configured that.
you can look at major an minor faults per process to see what is causing the paging (if you have any).
you can also look at the /proc/pid/statm pseudofilesystem for your oracle pids.

What is the default key command for the COMMAND key?I seem to have changed it somehow along the way and now when I push the command key it hides all windows or shows desk top I need to correct this as soon as possible-.any ideas?

What is the default key command for THE COMMAND (apple) key? I seem to have changed it somehow along the way and now when I push the command key (only) it hides all open windows and shows the desk top and when I push it again it shows all windows again...I need to return to default A.S.A.P. just this one key...Any ideas? Thanks in advance...

Go to
 > System Preferences > Keyboard
Click on the 'Keyboard' tab and hit the 'modifier keys...' button. You can see and change the defaults there.
As I'm not sure if all the labels are the same in Lion, he's a screenshot from Snow Leopard. It should be similar enough:

TOP - Pageouts and memory usage.

Looks like I have plenty of memory for what I am doing. But What do the cumulative numbers around pagein's mean?
Processes: 80 total, 7 running, 3 stuck, 70 sleeping... 523 threads 15:20:14
Load Avg: 1.99, 1.53, 1.37 CPU usage: 10.33% user, 9.00% sys, 80.67% idle
SharedLibs: num = 5, resident = 13M code, 0 data, 1468K linkedit.
MemRegions: num = 32848, resident = 2116M + 18M private, 877M shared.
PhysMem: 1853M wired, 2116M active, 3466M inactive, 7439M used, 753M free.
VM: 19G + 284M 332461(0) pageins, 47(0) pageouts
PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #PRTS #MREGS RPRVT RSHRD RSIZE VSIZE
12256 top 11.1% 0:14.05 1 18 40 684K 820K 1392K 18M
12238 bash 0.0% 0:00.01 1 14 19 276K 184K 916K 18M
12237 login 0.0% 0:00.02 1 17 136 908K 8724K 3164K 32M
12236 Terminal 1.7% 0:01.45 3 99 433 5264K+ 49M+ 21M+ 419M+
12225 SyncServer 0.0% 0:00.15 2 50 290 3512K 41M 12M 88M
11248 WinAppHelp 0.0% 0:00.40 1 51 289 3208K 40M 11M 339M
11027 Skype 0.0% 0:19.47 31 313 865 46M 76M 88M 557M
10315 PrinterPro 0.0% 0:00.83 2 85 476 12M 51M 29M 423M
10313 launchd 0.0% 0:01.25 3 24 25 120K 296K 464K 18M
8626 QuickTime 0.0% 17:21.09 5 187 655 13M 67M 43M 486M
8556 DashboardC 0.0% 0:06.31 4 124 538 16M 58M 38M 436M
8555 DashboardC 0.0% 0:10.95 4 149 545 23M 58M 49M 444M
8534 Livestatio 16.8% 59:00.13 12 198 771 30M- 94M 62M 584M
8220 Mail 0.0% 0:43.91 27 323 968 24M 94M 80M 554M
2806 Python 0.8% 5:20.05 2 33 281 13M- 248K 14M- 36M-
2761 Transmissi 0.9% 2:49.17 21 270 773 20M 90M 56M 506M

About OS X Memory Management and Usage
Reading system memory usage in Activity Monitor
Memory Management in Mac OS X
Performance Guidelines- Memory Management in Mac OS X
A detailed look at memory usage in OS X
Understanding top output in the Terminal
The amount of available RAM for applications is the sum of Free RAM and Inactive RAM. This will change as applications are opened and closed or change from active to inactive status. The Swap figure represents an estimate of the total amount of swap space required for VM if used, but does not necessarily indicate the actual size of the existing swap file. If you are really in need of more RAM that would be indicated by how frequently the system uses VM. If you open the Terminal and run the top command at the prompt you will find information reported on Pageins () and Pageouts (). Pageouts () is the important figure. If the value in the parentheses is 0 (zero) then OS X is not making instantaneous use of VM which means you have adequate physical RAM for the system with the applications you have loaded. If the figure in parentheses is running positive and your hard drive is constantly being used (thrashing) then you need more physical RAM.

0% idle time of cpu states from top command in oracle 8i /solaris 5.9

Hi,
for long time idle time is 0% in top command :
database version:oracle 8.1.7.4.0
operating system : sun solaris 5.9
load averages: 9.32, 5.78, 6.13 15:22:13
404 processes: 387 sleeping, 13 running, 4 on cpu
CPU states: 0.0% idle, 78.2% user, 21.8% kernel, 0.0% iowait, 0.0% swap
Memory: 16G real, 7535M free, 5842M swap in use, 9965M swap free
PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND
6928 oracle 11 20 0 0K 0K run 2:20 12.62% oracle
23518 oracle 21 31 0 0K 0K run 24:37 11.69% oracle
9664 oracle 20 30 0 0K 0K run 12:41 10.83% oracle
15764 oracle 12 21 0 0K 0K run 2:18 10.28% oracle
9214 oracle 19 21 0 0K 0K run 5:52 8.58% oracle
13734 oracle 173 21 0 0K 0K cpu/3 311:23 6.11% oracle
19271 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K cpu/0 726:20 4.45% oracle
10436 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 81:41 4.39% oracle
22400 oracle 11 59 0 0K 0K sleep 3:22 4.35% oracle
9297 oracle 20 59 0 0K 0K cpu/2 7:39 3.66% oracle
22175 oracle 19 59 0 0K 0K sleep 6:55 3.41% oracle
9494 oracle 1 30 0 0K 0K run 0:02 2.99% oracle
10719 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 132:48 1.55% oracle
210 oracle 1 59 0 0K 0K sleep 86:56 1.04% oracle
22084 oracle 24 59 0 0K 0K sleep 2:50 0.92% oracle
and sometime load average goes to 25-30 and cpu states is 0% idle in that load so how i can tune my database:
Regards
Prakash

Hi,
here 0% idle, 0% iowait
one of the query explain plan i am posting over here:
Operation     Object Name     Rows     Bytes     Cost     TQ     In/Out     PStart     PStop
SELECT STATEMENT Hint=CHOOSE          77 K          11800
COUNT STOPKEY
VIEW          77 K     32 M     11800
SORT UNIQUE STOPKEY          77 K     10 M     8384
HASH JOIN OUTER          77 K     10 M     4968
HASH JOIN          77 K     9 M     4477
HASH JOIN          54 K     2 M     3071
TABLE ACCESS FULL     GA_INSTANCE     10      140      1
HASH JOIN          75 K     2 M     3069
HASH JOIN          75 K     1 M     2351
INDEX FAST FULL SCAN     CUST_ACCT_ADDR_PK     75 K     960 K     282
TABLE ACCESS FULL     ADDRESS     199 K     1 M     1960
TABLE ACCESS FULL     CUST_ACCT     112 K     1 M     593
TABLE ACCESS FULL     IQARA_CNR_ACT_LOG     89 K     6 M     1150
TABLE ACCESS FULL     NI_STATIC_IP_ADDR     21 K     317 K     60
Reagrds
Prakash

TOP command output

Hi,
Can anybody describe the following TOP Command output...
==========================================
Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 12.0% us, 0.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 71.8% id, 15.5% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si
Mem: 4147796k total, 4120904k used, 26892k free, 25708k buffers
Swap: 8191992k total, 160k used, 8191832k free, 3624432k cached
4615 root 16 0 54320 15m 5952 S 24 0.4 4:41.11 X
1915 oratest 16 0 923m 620m 485m S 20 15.3 17:09.41 oracle
1730 oratest 16 0 385m 64m 23m S 4 1.6 0:54.07 java
1912 oratest 15 0 23516 9.9m 5368 S 1 0.2 0:36.71 sqlplus
1726 oratest 16 0 385m 64m 23m S 1 1.6 0:03.35 java
1913 oratest 16 0 385m 64m 23m S 1 1.6 0:13.00 java
2135 oratest 16 0 2448 1028 760 R 1 0.0 0:00.13 top
1887 oratest 15 0 689m 23m 21m D 0 0.6 0:20.74 oracle
1 root 16 0 3468 592 504 S 0 0.0 0:01.06 init
2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04 migration/0
3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0
4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/1
5 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.04 migration/2
7 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2
8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/3
9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/3
10 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0
11 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 events/1
12 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 events/2
13 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 events/3
14 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
15 root 15 -10 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
================================================
Why it is showing the Memory Free is 26 MB only...
Only one Database is running on this Machine SGA is around 600MB only.....
Why it is showing 26 MB Free of memory ....Can anybody please describe the TOP Command output.....

Hi, this doest look too good... " Swap: 8191992k total, 160k used"
this means you'r using some of you'r swap, "25708k buffers" and not becouse of you'r buffers.
try using ps -ef or top ( and sort by memory by hitting "m" ) and search for the process that uses you'r memory.

Using top command

Hi
I'm using Sun OS 5.8, using top command I have process with value 3048M in SIZE column, why ?, what is the normal value for SIZE column ?
Why I have 11885M free in Memory ?
Where is the 12G of memory ?
load averages: 6.00, 6.19, 5.80 12:30:13
877 processes: 870 sleeping, 1 running, 6 on cpu
CPU states: 50.2% idle, 35.9% user, 6.0% kernel, 7.8% iowait, 0.0% swap
Memory: 12G real, 1185M free, 157M swap in use, 10G swap free
PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME CPU COMMAND
12263 apps11i 1 34 0 3048M 3030M sleep 0:28 1.62% oracle
5302 apps11i 1 -24 0 3044M 3027M cpu/17 1:19 0.68% oracle
5568 apps11i 1 34 0 3038M 3016M sleep 0:07 0.68% oracle
13767 apps11i 1 -24 0 3040M 3018M sleep 0:06 0.61% oracle
24875 oracle8 1 -24 0 0K 0K sleep 7:48 0.57% oracle
20155 oracle8 1 34 0 0K 0K sleep 11:34 0.53% oracle
Thanks

There is as such no fixed value for size each process running on the system is allocated certain amount of vitrual address space in memory for its execution which is based on the algorithm "no of bits in ur processor."
SO the memory usage what u see is perticular to that process in it's given address space in memory which would vary from process to process depending on the tasks the process handles.
These commands give an in depth activity of ur system ,regarding the paging swaping idle process
#vmstat
#sar
#iostat
#uptime
#ipc // usefull if ur running oracle "reports on the semaphores//
cheers,

HT1758 Mac OSX has no more space available for memory

Getting message: Mac OSX start up disk has no more space available for memory. Remove files from startup disk.
How do I solve this problem?

Empty the Trash if you haven't already done so. If you use iPhoto, empty its internal Trash as well:
iPhoto ▹ Empty Trash
Then reboot. That will temporarily free up some space.
According to Apple documentation, you need at least 9 GB of available space on the startup volume (as shown in the Finder Info window) for normal operation. You also need enough space left over to allow for growth of your data. There is little or no performance advantage to having more available space than the minimum Apple recommends. Available storage space that you'll never use is wasted space.
To locate large files, you can use Spotlight. That method may not find large folders that contain a lot of small files.
You can more effectively use a tool such as OmniDiskSweeper (ODS) to explore your volume and find out what's taking up the space. You can also delete files with it, but don't do that unless you're sure that you know what you're deleting and that all data is safely backed up. That means you have multiple backups, not just one.
Deleting files inside an iPhoto or Aperture library will corrupt the library. Any changes to a photo library must be made from within the application that created it. The same goes for Mail files.
Proceed further only if the problem isn't solved by the above steps.
ODS can't see the whole filesystem when you run it just by double-clicking; it only sees files that you have permission to read. To see everything, you have to run it as root.
Back up all data now.
Install ODS in the Applications folder as usual. Quit it if it's running.
Triple-click the line of text below on this page to select it, then copy the selected text to the Clipboard (command-C):
sudo /Applications/OmniDiskSweeper.app/Contents/MacOS/OmniDiskSweeper
Launch the Terminal application in any of the following ways:
☞ Enter the first few letters of its name into a Spotlight search. Select it in the results (it should be at the top.)
☞ In the Finder, select Go ▹ Utilities from the menu bar, or press the key combination shift-command-U. The application is in the folder that opens.
☞ Open LaunchPad. Click Utilities, then Terminal in the icon grid.
Paste into the Terminal window (command-V). You'll be prompted for your login password, which won't be displayed when you type it. You may get a one-time warning not to screw up. If you see a message that your username "is not in the sudoers file," then you're not logged in as an administrator.
The application window will open, eventually showing all files in all folders. It may take some minutes for ODS to list all the files.
I don't recommend that you make a habit of doing this. Don't delete anything while running ODS as root. If something needs to be deleted, make sure you know what it is and how it got there, and then delete it by other, safer, means. When in doubt, leave it alone or ask for guidance.
When you're done with ODS, quit it and also quit Terminal.

Hyper-V Resource Pools for Memory and CPU

Hi all,
I'm trying to understand the concepts and details of resource pools in Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012. It seems as if there is almost no documentation on all that. Perhaps somebody can support me here, maybe I've not seen some docs yet.
So far, I learned that resource pools in their current implementation serve mainly for metering purposes. You can create pools per tenant and then group VM resources into those pools to facilitate resource metering per tenant. That is, you enable metering
once per pool and get all the data necessary to bill that one customer for all their resources (without metering individual VMs). Is that correct?
Furthermore, it seems to me that an ethernet pool goes one step further by providing an abstraction level for virtual switches. As far as I've understood you can add multiple vSwitches to a pool and then connect a VM to the pool. Hyper-V then decides which
actual switch to use. This may be handy in a multi-host environment if vSwitches on different hosts use different names although they connect to the same network. Is that correct?
So - talking about actually managing that stuff I've learned how to create a pool and how to add VHD locations and virtual switches to a pool. Enabling resource metering for a pool then collects usage data from all the resources inside that pool.
But now: I can create a pool for memory and a pool for CPU. But I cannot add resources to those. Neither can I add a complete VM to a pool. Now I'm launching a VM that belongs to a customer whose resources I'm metering. How will Hyper-V know that it's
supposed to collect data on CPU and memory usage for that VM?
Am I missing something here? Or is pool-based metering only good for ethernet and VHD resources, and CPU and memory still need to be metered per VM?
Thanks for clarification,
Nils
Nils Kaczenski
MVP Directory Services
Hannover, Germany

Thank you for the links. I already knew those, and unfortunately they are not matching my question. Two of them are about Windows Server 2008/R2, and one only lists a WMI interface. What I'm after is a new feature in Windows Server 2012, and I need conceptional
information.
Thanks for the research anyway. I appreciate that a lot!
In the meantime I've gotten quite far in my own research. See my entry above of January 7th. Some additions:
In Windows Server 2012, Hyper-V resource pools are mainly for metering purposes. You cannot compare them to resource pools in VMware.
A resource pool in Hyper-V (2012) facilitates resource metering and billing for VM usage especially in hosting scenarios. You can either measure resource usage for single VMs, or you can group existing resources (such as CPU power, RAM, virtual hard disk
storage, Ethernet traffic) into pools. Those pools will mostly be assigned to one customer each. That way you can bill the customer for their resource usage in a given time period by just querying the customer's pool.
Metering only collects aggregated data with one value per resource (i.e. overall CPU usage, maximum VHD storage, summed Ethernet traffic and so on). You can control the time period by explicitly resetting the counter at any given time (a day, a week, a
month or what you like).
There is no detailed data. The aggregate values serve as a basis for billing, not as monitoring data. If you need detailed monitoring data use Performance Monitor.
There is currently only one type of resource pool that adds an abstraction layer to a virtualization farm, and that is the Ethernet type. You can use that type for metering, but you can also use it to group a number of virtual switches (that connect to
the same network segment) and then a VM connected to that pool will automatically use an appropriate virtual switch from the pool. You need no longer worry about virtual switch names across multiple hosts as long as all equivalent virtual switches are
added to the pool.
While you can manage two types of pool resources in the GUI (VHD pools and Ethernet pools) you should only manage resource pools via PowerShell. Only there will you be able to control what happens. And only PowerShell provides a means to start, stop, and
reset metering and query metering data.
The process to use resource pools in Hyper-V (2012) in short:
First create a new pool via PowerShell (New-VMResourcePool). (In case of a VHD pool you must specify the VHD storage paths to add to the pool in the moment you create the pool.)
In case of an Ethernet pool add existing virtual switches to the pool (Add-VMSwitch).
Reconfigure existing VMs that you want to measure so that they use resources from the pool. The PowerShell
Set-VM* commands accept a parameter -ResourcePoolName to do that. Example:
Set-VMMemory -VMName APP-02 -ResourcePoolName MyPool1
Start measuring with Enable-VMResourceMetering.
Query collected data as often as you need with Measure-VMResourcePool.
Note that you should specify the pool resource type in the command to get reliable data (see my post above, Jan 7th).
When a metering period (such as a week or a month) has passed, reset the counter to zero with
Reset-VMResourceMetering.
Hope that helps. I consider this the answer to my own question. ;)
Here's some links I collected:
http://itproctology.blogspot.ca/2012/12/hyper-v-resource-pool-introduction.html
http://www.ms4u.info/2012/12/configure-ethernet-resource-pool-in.html
http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2012/08/16/introduction-to-resource-metering.aspx
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winserverhyperv/thread/1ce4e2b2-8fdd-4f16-8ab6-e1e1da6d07e3
Best wishes, Nils
Nils Kaczenski
MVP Directory Services
Hannover, Germany

Running Top command in Java

hi friends,
when i run Top command in Linux from java by using Runtime.getRuntime.exec(), it is giving the following error---
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While this command is working properly from shell.

when i run Top command in Linux from java by using
Runtime.getRuntime.exec(), it is giving the following
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command is working properly from shell.top needs a terminal to run; it's a silly and ugly little program. When you
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kind regards,
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Hi
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