Why is casting necessary here?

hi all, take the following code:
int i=-20;
final int j=20;
final int k=i;
byte b1= j;
byte b2= k;
byte b3= i;after i complied it, i got two errs. at b2 and b3, i solved that by casting.
but why is casting necessary here in contrast with b1?
thunx

You are trying to narrow an int to a byte.
This is acceptable, but only when the following conditions are met (JLS � 5.2):
1 - The expression is a constant expression of type byte, short, char or int.
2 - The type of the variable is byte, short, or char.
3 - The value of the expression (which is known at compile time, because it is a constant expression) is representable in the type of the variable.
In your example, your assignment to b1 uses a constant expression (j[b], which is final).
Your assignments to b2 and b3 do not use constant expressions (b3 is assigned from i, which is not final; b2 is assigned from k - which although final, is based on i, which is not).

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user13445117 wrote:
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In another words, why use Parameter Macros here ?
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cache-config SYSTEM "cache-config.dtd">
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Cast required here - why?

Hi all. I was looking into compile time constants on the web and came across
this little snippet of code which compiles fine:
class TestVar {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int i = 90;
byte b = i;
}When it is changed to:
class TestVar {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int i;
i = 90;
byte b = i; //this requires a cast (byte) to compile...
}It requires an explicit byte cast when the assignment byte b = i; is made.
Yet how come this isnt the case in the first code snippet?
Thanks in advance
Edited by: shamrock08 on Apr 28, 2008 11:46 AM

public class Scratch {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    final int i = 127;    // 0-2 below
    final int j;
    j = 126;    // 3-5 below
    byte b1 = i;    // 6-8 below
    byte b2 = (byte)j;    // 9-11 below
    int k = j;    // 13-14 below
:; javap -c -classpath classes Scratch
public static void main(java.lang.String[])   throws java.lang.Exception;
Code:
   0:   bipush 127
   2:   istore_1    // store the literal 127 into i
   3:   bipush 126
   5:   istore_2    // store the literal 126 into j
   6:   bipush 127
   8:   istore_3    // store the literal 127 (NOT i's value) into b1
   9:   iload_2
   10: i2b    // cast j's value to a byte
   11: istore 4    // store the result of the above (NOT the constant 126) into b2
   13: iload_2
   14: istore 5    // store the value of j (NOT the constant 126) into k
   16: return
}When the final variable is initialized at declaration time, any later reference to that variable's value simply uses the constant directly, rather than reading that variable's value. When the final variable is assigned later, any refernce to that variable's value has to read the variable to get the value, regardless of the type of the variable being assigned to.
For the question at hand, the compiler does not distinguish between
final int i;
i = 123;and
final int i;
if (something) {
i = 123;
else {
i = 123456789;
}so the compiler doesn't know whether i's value will fit into a byte.
Edited by: jverd on Apr 28, 2008 12:17 PM
Edited by: jverd on Apr 28, 2008 12:21 PM

Is a crossover cable necessary here

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Why has CAST(FieldName to float) failed in view but not in SELECT?

I've just solved a problem but I'm still not sure what the problem is!
I have a data (staging) table with all values stored as text. The data is converted to the correct data-type and also aggregated somewhat in a view. A select statement with the conversion works. A select statement with the conversion and aggregation (GROUP
BY) works. Creating a view of the conversion and aggregation works. However, on selecting from the view (e.g. SELECT TOP 1000 * FROM ViewName) it fails saying it cannot convert from varchar to float. There are no visible characters in the field apart from
numbers between 0 and 9, a decimal point and sometimes a leading minus sign (-).
The fix? Cast to money and then cast to float.
The problem? I don't know! What was the problem? Some of the values had up to 10 decimal places. Was that a problem? Was it really an overflow error masquerading as conversion error? The longest strings present were:
-2.609763091
-0.082456066
-0.674010546
-2.563428427
-0.016109637
-0.313600766
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-0.853811384
-0.302529502
-0.000362354
-0.002961949
-0.319269185
-0.001970796
Would really like to know what caused this so I can spot it in future before it happens.
Cheers.
JCEH

One possibility is that the two execution plans are different. The logical order of the way SQL processes the clauses a SELECT query is FROM, ON, OUTER, WHERE, GROUP BY, CUBE | ROLLUP, HAVING, SELECT, DISTINCT, ORDER BY, TOP. (Actually that's
what I learned, now there are some additional things like APPLY, but for our purposes we can ignore them). The important thing to know is that that is the LOGICAL order, but SQL is allowed (and often does) go change that order to anything it wants as
long as it returns the correct result.
So, for example, if your FROM clause a number of rows and some of those rows contain data which would cause a CAST (or anything else) in the SELECT clause to fail, but those rows are eliminated by your WHERE clause. Then SQL could do
FROM, WHERE, SELECT and the query works, or
FROM, SELECT, WHERE and the query fails. And, in general, you cannot control which plan SQL will use.
So, for example, if you have a table named T with two integer columns I and J and some rows in the table have a value of 0 in the column J and you run
SELECT I/J FROM T WHERE J<>0
it might work and you might get a divide by zero error. So one safe way to handle this is to write your query as
SELECT I/(CASE WHEN J <> 0 THEN J ELSE NULL END) WHERE J<>0
Another way would be to create a temp table and write an insert statement that inserted into that temp table only the rows where J<>0 and then do the query from the temp table. Since that is two SQL commands, SQL is forced to do them in order,
it cannot combine them and reorder the processing, that would look like
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Insert Table #T(I, J)
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Select I/J From #T;
Drop Table #T;
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why that is, I don't know, it is often difficult to answer that type of question. My best guess for why the view used to work, then you ALTERED it, and then changed it back to the original form and it fails even though it is exactly the same as the old
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where.
Tom

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import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
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import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JToolBar;
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title = new TitledBorder("Shapes");
title = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(title);
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import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Vector;
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                            vLine.add(new Coordinate(x1, y1, x2, y2));
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                        if (shape == OVAL) {
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                            Height_F = e.getY();
                            /*   if (width_F < width_I) {
                            Oval_x = e.getX();
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                            Oval_y = e.getY();
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    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
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            Coordinate coordinate = (DrawingPanel.Coordinate) vLine.elementAt(i);
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        Oval_h = Math.abs(Height_F - Height_I);
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    public void draw(int shapeTodraw) {
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        private int x1, y1, x2, y2;
        public Coordinate(int inx1, int iny1, int inx2, int iny2) {
            x1 = inx1;
            y1 = iny1;
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no my friend i don't take java in my class
i learend it wit myself.
plz answer to my question
i try to do this but filled
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
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panel.draw(DrawingPanel.LINE);
}i wait your answer
thanks

Instance Initialization Question (Why Is It Required Here???)

In the example below, I don't understand why instance initialization is required for the line below to succeed. Any chance someone can explain it to me? :) Thanks in advance.
THIS IS THE LINE I'M REFERRING TO
cost = Math.round(price);
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//: c08:Parcel9.java
// Using "instance initialization" to perform
// construction on an anonymous inner class.
// From 'Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.' (c) Bruce Eckel 2002
// www.BruceEckel.com. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
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     String readLabel();
public class Parcel9 {
     private static Test monitor = new Test();
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          return new Destination() {
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                    if(cost > 100)
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          Destination d = p.dest("Tanzania", 101.395F);
          monitor.expect(new String[] {
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[java]

return new Destination() {
};Here you define an anonymous local class. Anonymous classes can't have constructors, so if there are any operations that need to be done when an instance of the class is created, they have to go in the instance initializer block. (Like with regular classes, it's illegal to have anything but declarations in the class body.)
But the particular line you refer to actually doesn't have to be there; it's possible to combine the declaration and assignment of the cost variable:    private int cost = Math.round(price);

Why is casting necessary here?

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