10g client mangles national characters, 9i client is ok

We are having a strange problem with some 10.2.0.4.0 clients on Windows XP. They make an incorrect conversion of national characters while querying from a 10.2.0.4.0 database. For example, the "ä" letter in the result set is converted to "a", which must not happen. When connecting to the same 10g database with a 9i client and issuing exactly the same SELECT statement, the result is correct. How can we make the 10g client treat national characters correctly?

Thanks for your help everybody. Yes, there was a conflict between the database and client character sets. I used the NLS_LANG environment variable in Windows to instruct the client to use the same character set with the database, and this seems to solve the problem.
I just wonder how the 9i client was able to do what we wanted, while there were problems with 10g. There are exactly the same NLS_LANG values in the registry for 9i and 10g, each containing a character set part that is inconsistent with that of the database. Also, after setting NLS_LANG in Windows, 9i still gave the correct result, as if NLS_LANG had no effect on it.

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