Archiving VHS Tapes

I am converting some VHS tapes to digital to burn onto DVD. From what I understand these files will be compressed. If I want to store the original footage on a hard drive, does the hard drive need to be formatted for Mac? I'm doing this for a customer & would like to put their original files on their external hard drive. Is that possible if they are Windows & I'm Mac?
Using Canopus ADVC300 & FCP... don't think it matters, but in case you need to know
Message was edited by: Carolyn Kent

Carolyn Kent wrote:
I am converting some VHS tapes to digital to burn onto DVD. From what I understand these files will be compressed. If I want to store the original footage on a hard drive, does the hard drive need to be formatted for Mac? I'm doing this for a customer & would like to put their original files on their external hard drive. Is that possible if they are Windows & I'm Mac?
Using Canopus ADVC300 & FCP... don't think it matters, but in case you need to know
Forget giving them a hard drive. Have Costco do it if they need a hard drive.
Are you burning to DVD-ROM or to DVD? For less than $300 you can buy a VHS-to-DVD dubbing machine.
bogiesan

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ProRes versions of VHS tapes for archival purposes

I need to create archival digital copies of some aging VHS tapes. I have a sony mini-dv deck that I used with iMovie as a passthrough for my VHS deck. Final Cut Pro X won't let me import the footage without the timecode. I know other people have had the same issue and they end up using iMovie but I haven't seen a solution that will allow me to import the video Pro Res quality. Any ideas?
Thanks,
Kara

I recently archived about 400 hrs of original VHN footage shot back in 1985-95 era. Majority of them were captured directly via s-video cable and rca audio. The codec I used was DV25 and few DV50. Pro Res is quite overkill for VHS. The format is a mere 240 lines. Quite outdated to today's 1080p TV standards. Used FCP 7 and no tc needed. When comes to edit, switched to FCP X.
When you're doing DV on any deck, you're adding another layer of hardware decode and encode. DV has a 5:1 compression ratio w/ 4:1:1 sampling. It's not the best intermediate format. I'd try to minimize anything via DV and get it directly by using real time hardware. But this needs a decent capture card to do the job right the first time.
But for Betacam SP w/ analog component, I did capture via DV50 and Pro Res std. That should preserve ther analog 4:2:2 Beta SP tape formats.

Import VHS Tapes to DVD and iMovie

I have many old VHS tapes I want to finally digitize so I don't lose them. Most are old football games, generally between 1-2 hours per tape. I am working off of a new iMac - 27inch 3.1gHz 1TB hard drive.
I want to do 2 things:
1 - Backup each tape to a high quality DVD for backup purposes - to be played in a DVD player
2 - Store lower quality versions on my iMac hard drive to be viewed/ edited/ possibly uploaded to YouTube or other web based video sites
I have iMovie, and would like the ability to edit if possible - nothing major, ading scores, dates, etc...and possibly manipulating video (cropping of scenes, etc...) but not much.
I have researched and found a few different options. Most threads I have read seem to indicate the need for one of the following:
Canopus ADVC300
Canopus ADVC55
Elgato Eye TV Hybrid
I am willing to spend $100 - $200, but this I'd rather not go crazy. At a certain point it would just be easier to sed them away to be professionally archived to DVD.
Any advice?

I have many old VHS tapes I want to finally digitize so I don't lose them.
I have done lots of that.
To get your VHS video into iMovie, use the Grassvalley ADVC300. With the ADVC300 Audio and Video go in, FireWire comes out. It also comes with a nice Macintosh application that works flawlessly with iMovie 06 and iDVD 09/11 (I have used it a few times with iMovie 11).
The program that comes with the ADVC300 has some nice filters that can improve video and audio of the source material. The ADVC300 will take Audio and Video from any source (VCR, Tivo, Satellite Receiver) and convert it to FireWire (iMovie will treat it like a camera).
http://www.grassvalley.com/products/advc300
I would use iMovie 06 with iDVD 09/11, why?
iMovie 09/11 uses 'single field processing' meaning every other horizontal line of the video is thrown out, which reduces the sharpness of the footage. iMovie 06 uses ALL of the image to form the video.
If your primary workflow is editing DV clips and making DVDs, iMovie '06 is better suited.
Your movie will arrive at iDVD in DV format, which is an ideal match for making a DVD: same resolution, same pixels aspect ratio, and original quality. If you share your movie from iMovie 09/11, it gets re-rendered at 640x480 or less, and then iDVD upscales it back to 720x480. The end result is obviously not as good.
iMovie 06 and iDVD 11 is a "lossless" combination.

Archiving VHS to mini-dv cassettes?

Hi all,
I recently purchased the Sony DCR HC 48 Handycam, however after scouring the discussion boards, I learned, much to my surprise given the HC model's track record, that I will NOT be able to transfer VHS footage digitally using this camcorder as a pass through. This is definitely a problem for me, as I was hoping to archive many VHS tapes to mini-dv. The emphasis is to archive to mini-dv cassette as opposed to importing all vhs footage directly into iMovie, which could ultimately tie up my internal hard drive (I would like to go through the tapes and edit them at a later date).
If I buy an analog to digital converter, do you know if I can somehow transfer the vhs to a mini-dv cassette with this approach? Again, I would prefer not to directly copy footage into the computer. What about investing in a vcr/mini-dv unit such as the one linked below? It appears as though they are no longer manufacturing these but, given my situation, and the number of tapes I am hoping to archive (and eventually edit), it may be a wise purchase. Your thoughts?
http://cgi.ebay.com/JVC-SR-VS30U-Mini-DV-S-VHS-VCR_W0QQitemZ110189573382QQihZ001 QQcategoryZ3318QQssPageNameZWDVWQQrdZ1QQcmdZViewItem
Please write when you have a moment. Thank you in advance for your assistance... much appreciated!!!
Regards,
Joe

No reason at all to use iMovie, unless you are going to finish the job in iMovie.
The simplest way is to go from your VHS machine, through your converter (your DV camera) and into FCP. Because VHS does not have any time code, you will have to change your DEVICE CONTROL PRESET in FCP to NON CONTROLLABLE.
The only issue with this method is that, should the need ever arise, you will not be able to recapture footage from those tapes in a way that relates to your FCP sequence.... again, because VHS has no TC.
So, if the ability to recapture is important to you, it is best to dub the VHS footage to a DV tape and then capture from the DV tape. This way, you will have time code when you capture.
rh

Transfer and edit of VHS tapes

I am re-starting a delayed project I began several months ago, transfering and editing VHS tapes to DVD. The support from the forum was extraordinary, and I'm recreating what I learned to begin anew.
There is one item that I never was clear on, but would be key as I manage the initial transfer process:
Would it be overall more efficient to (1) transfer each VHS in its entirety, and then select/edit digitally clips that will find their way into a final file for DVD, or (2) go thru a painstaking process of choosing and transfering individual clips directly from the VHS player? Note that I'll probably wish to transfer the tapes in their entireity anyway for archival purposes.
I have upgraded to WD Caviar Black drives to reduce latencies, etc. but am not sure that working on large files will be efficient. Also, I'm currently using PE ver 4. Is there annything in later versions that would make an upgrade compelling?
Some real-world perspective would be much appreciated.
Thanks,
Julian
PS: I'm discouraged to not be able to find a record of my prior communications with all the fine advice from the forum. Am I missing something?

The one drawback to the model 55 is it is one way from tape to computer
If that is the only direction you wish to use, you don't need the more $$ two way model
Do also plan ahead for offline storage... IF you think you will ever need the AVI files again
DV AVI is about 13gig per hour, and 1 or 2 Terrabyte USB drives are a good way to store many hours of files when you are done (if not edit, due to transfer speed)
Also... use that USB external to make a FULL backup of your boot drive
Hardware crashes or virus infections happen, so you should buy AND USE software to make a full backup of your hard drive to an external USB hard drive... plus, making step-by-step backups during a new install or major program addition makes it easy to go back a step if something doesn't work
This backup and then restore is, of course, only to the same computer with a new drive (or the same drive as long as you don't mind writing over everything) since doing a restore to a new computer won't work due to Windows and many programs having activation information that is keyed to your hardware (which is why Windows will force you to RE-Activate if you change very much hardware)
The product I use is at http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/image-for-linux.htm
Image runs off of a bootable CD via Linux (the Zip you download includes a program to make the bootable CD) and it reads EVERYTHING on the drive, even the hidden registration information, so everything is restored when needed... and you may restore the image to a brand new drive in case of a crash, and not have to re-install anything
Please note that I own no part of Image, and I don't get a referral fee (that is just a plain web link) but I use the program and it has saved me a LOT of trouble when I had a hard drive die... and I was able to restore everything and not have to re-install or re-activate a single program, from Windows on up

Best way to Archive VHS footage

I have many old compact VHS tapes (oldest is 13 years and still looks okay) that I would like to arhive onto DVD's to better preserve them.
I had planned to import them into iMovie using my Sony TRV-30 (analog to digital pass thru). I would then do some basic editing, send them to iDVD, and burn them onto DVD discs.
My question is... If I want to use some of the footage later on, can I easily take a clip from an iDVD created disc to use in a movie I would make at a later date? Or is there a better way / format to archive these old videos?
Thanks,
Randy

Thrifty,
As a different option, I would suggest burning your iMovie project to DVD as data file, i.e., drag "My Great Movie" (or whatever you've named it) to a blank DVD that you've inserted, then dragging that DVD to the trash to burn. All of your clips are contained within that package.
Since iMovie 6 allows you to open different projects simutaneously, you can open "My Great Movie" later and drag the clips you want into another open project.
Alternatively, if "My Great Movie" is too large to contain on a single DVD, I would create individual movies from the clips and export those as DV Streams (momfootage.dv, jennyfootage.dv, etc.). You can then spread these smaller files over several DVDs, again burning as data.
You shouldn't lose any quality going the DV Stream route (exporting or re-importing) since DV is iMovie's native compression. Saving to tape, however, offers the possibility of quality loss as the tape degenerates over time.
If you absolutely must back up to tape, be sure to store the backups either on their ends or sides (never flat) in a place that isn't too humid, too hot or too cold. This will keep them from deteriorating quite as quickly.
Anyway, that's my two cents.

Eyetv 250 importing to imovie from vhs tapes

Okay Guys, I need a lot of help.
I am new to mac and I love it. I used to use Pinnacle Studio 10. I have a lot of old camcorder tapes which through the use of a tape adapter I am able to play camcorder tapes in the VCR. Then connect the VCR to elgato eye tv. I use the eye tv VHS assistant and play my movie into elgato.
I want to encode these movies and ultimatly put them on DVD.
So after I did the import I tried to drag the file into IMOVIE.
I got this message..
The file could not be imported: The file “MacBook/Volumes/backup drive/EyeTV Archive/My VHS Tape - 9/10/06 9_21 PM.eyetv” can’t be imported; QuickTime couldn’t parse it: -43
I realized that the problem is the format that was imported was not compatible with imovie. I did more research and realized I that i could export the file to another format. There are several options, MPEG 4, Imovie, IDVD, etc.
What setting do I use to export the files? Also I want to combine several different sections of video. Can I do this. How can I export the section as a clip and drag the clip into imovie.
Any advice would be great.

I just imported my first clip into iMovie today and it was captured from a Hi-8 Camcorder using Eyetv250. I used eyetv2 software's export option and chose "iMovie HD" as the format. I only did this because I thought I had to, knowing that it was going to be imported in iMovie HD6. This however created a 13+gig file from what was originally a 2.5gig file ! So , I don't think that was the right choice. I am going to go back and export using the Quicktime Movie setting toward the bottom of the export format option list (within eyetv2). That setting will produce a video export of the same size as the original.
Another thing I am going to try is to go into the "package" ( a package is basically a folder ) that is created by eyetv2 and try dropping the quicktime file directly into iMovie and see if it will import that way. If you go to the folder where your .eyetv file is placed (Eyetv archive) and right click on that .eyetv file you can choose to "show package contents". When you do that you will find a number of files, including a .mpg file which I assume contains the actual video footage which I would think iMovie can import directly. I'll come back here and post what happens but go ahead and try it.
Mac Mini Intel Core Duo Mac OS X (10.4.8)

Best way to "backup" a VHS tape

Hi,
I was wondering if I could hear some suggestions regarding the backing up of analog assets (like old VHS tapes).
For example, I have imported an old VHS tape from a VCR into iMovie (using the "pass-through" feature of my MiniDV camcorder) - the darn import took 25 GB of hard disk space!
I don't really want to edit the footage I imported - I just want to make sure that it isn't deteriorating by sitting on that VHS tape anymore. Should I just make a simple iDVD project and burn the footage to DVD?
How are YOU "preserving" this type of old footage?
Again, any opinions/suggestions would be greatly appreciated!
BT
G5 20", Mac Mini Core Duo 1GB + 100 GB Mac OS X (10.4.5)

I own 50 years of home movie archives on film (8 mm and Super 8), on VHS and S-VHS, on 8mm, Hi-8 and DV tape. More worried about projectors and tape decks becoming unavailable than actual film or tape deterioration, I started converting all the valuable footage to digital data or QuickTime files. After many trials, I settled for the following method.
I project the film on an Optex transfer box and shoot it with a digital FireWire camera plugged into my computer, without using tape. The camera aperture control must be manual; I also adjust the aperture of the camera on the fly and capture the data in Final Cut Pro.
I use the best available tape deck or camcorder to play the tapes; I connect them to the computer through a Sony iLink Digital AV interface box.
Once the material is in FCP, roughly 13 Gig per hour of material, I do a rough cut, eliminating everything that's not worth keeping, for lack of quality or redundancy. I also make cuts where warranted between scenes.
Then I use FCP's Media manager to duplicate my project and save the valuable material to a new project. I rename the scenes, group them in batches of roughly 20 minutes and burn them to DVD-R's in DATA format.
Takes a lot of DVD's, but they come cheap, don't they. I also keep the originals in a safe place, just in case!
Jean-Paul
G5 Dual 2 G Mac OS X (10.4.5) G4 500 Powerbook

Importing old VHS tapes, audio missing

Hello all.
I'm trying to archive tapes from a public access television show I did in the 90s. I am running into a problem with the audio. The video comes in just as clear as the grainy tape it comes from, but the audio is not there.
I am using a FCP5 on desktop G5. I am using a sony media converter and a the deck is a Panasonic AG-7750.
I can import video and audio from other vhs tapes fine, but the tapes that I made during this era are silent once they are imported. I can hear the audio from the deck when it plays via the monitor, so I know its there.
I tried to transfer the tapes to minidv cam via the sony box, but I had the sam problem, no sound.
Any assistance would be appreciated.

I used to own an AG-7750 and as I recall, the PCM audio Jim refers to is labeled on the AG-7750 as "HiFi" while the longitudinal audio may be labeled as "Linear" or "Normal." I cannot remember though if the output is controlled by a slide switch on the front panel or not.
FYI, the "HiFi" audio tracks were recorded helically in a deeper layer underneath the helical video tracks and the "linear" audio tracks were longitudinal along the top edge of the tape.
-DH

Best way to convert home movie VHS tapes so they can be edited in iMovie HD

Please help! I'm sorry this question is going to be long, but I'm a novice at this.
My goal is to get my VHS home movies (I have about 30 of them) into iMovie so I can do two things.
First I want to burn DVD's so I'll have a copy of the VHS tapes before they go bad.
Secondly, I want to be able to extract small clips from all of the tapes and combine them in a new iMovie project.
Here's what I've done so far:
I purchased a Canopus ADVC110 and got someof my VHS tapes converted digitally but the file sizes were HUGE and eating up my hard drive space. I was down to 6 GB of space left on my hard drive and almost crashed my Mac.
I deleted all these huge files and got my Mac back up to having 111 gigs of space left. Whew!
This week I purchased a Pinnacle converter and started all over. I took a VHS tape, and it was compressed into a nice small Mpeg-4 file and went to iTunes.
Then I tried to drag and drop it from itunes to imovie. That didn't work. I then dragged the movie to my desktop and then dragged it to imovie..... looks like this was going to take a long time to get into imovie. I'm thinking this is too many steps.
Now I am importing the file into iMovie by importing directly from itunes. The file size is 1.04 GB and it is 1 hour and 54 minutes long. It is taking a loooong time to import this movie....like 100 minutes.
I am afraid I am doing this the hard way.
Plus, after reading all the discussion boards and all the problems people are having... I don't even know if I'll be able to successfully edit this movie once it's imported. Plus, after I've edited it (if I can) will I be able to transfer the clips to another iMovie project?
I'm happy with the file size that the Pinnacle converter is giving me. I'm happy with the way the movie appears in itunes.
Because I have **so many VHS tapes** to convert, I'm asking you all if there is an easier way for me to complete this task!
Thanks in advance for any advise. Keep in mind that I'm not tech-sophisticated..... just a middle aged Grandma trying to preserve memories of my family!

_Share" the highlight as suggested_
Thanks Lennart..... I'm not sure I know what you meant by the above.
Do you mean that I share the little clips I want to use in the 'best of project'?
I read the MacWorld article.... it's great thanks!
I want to keep all these converted movies on my hard drive because down the road I want to extract other clips from them so I can make a 'best of' movie for my other family members. I may want to do that next year.... or whatever..... so I want to have the imovies available for me when that time comes.
In order to do this am I going to have to buy a lot..... and I mean ALOT of extra hard drive space? That darn Canopus was really making files for me that were like 60-80GB's per one half hour movie!!
Hey, I really appreciate all the time you are spending with me on this topic. Making these imovie memories are so very important to me.

Copyright question on older VHS tapes

Hey all,
My friend has some guitar instructional comercial VHS tapes he purchased in the 1990's. He has asked me to transfer them to DVD for him, as these tapes are not available on DVD.
These tapes have the usual warning at the begining stating:
"federal law prohibits any unauthorized reproduction, distribution or exhibition of copyrighted motion pictures and video tapes. (Title 17, United States Code, Sections 501 and 506)"
He has lawfully purchased these tapes and only wants to make DVD copies as back up for his personal use. He or anyone else will not be viewing both the original VHS tape and the DVD copy at the same time. He will not be selling them or distributing them in any way.
My queston is:
Is the above scenario allowed?
Thanks,

Hey Mark - sorry for being unclear, but then, whenever you talk about copyright, there's bound to be muddy waters. :)
My position is only that if you are copying/duplicating/rearranging or otherwise using material that you did not specifically get the copyright holder's permission to use, then you need to find a legal reason to do so. Fair use is the only provision for this, and those usages are actually very clearly outlined.
What you are talking about - copying your personal copy of a specific work for private use - only holds up when the duplicate is either used exclusively or is being kept as a backup. Not written into law yet, but held up by court precedent, is the more recent usage in mp3 players, home computers, car stereos...basically, copying your songs from a legally purchased disc to multiple locations held in your own private use. Again, this is not part of the law, but legal precedent has determined that it's OK.
I wouldn't worry about what you are doing, since it is simply an attempt to maintain integrity of a licensed copy of a particular work, and the intent seems to be clear that you are going to be destroying the original (the VHS cassette).
As concerns people having rights to copyrighted material....just remember that the law is clear about your rights ending where another person's begin. When a person owns a copyright, your usage - unless otherwise stated - is only limited to the copies you have purchased. To exceed your usage according to the terms of your license agreement or other legal provisions (fair use) would infringe upon the copyright holder's legal rights....and that, of course, is where your rights will end.
And yeah, let's all remember that Steve Jobs is just like all of us....he is a regular human being, and he has opinions. When someone uses words like "should" or "I think" or "we ought to"....opinion is present, and opinion is not a good foundation for legal defense. I guarantee his lawyers just sorta twiddle their thumbs, whistling and rocking on their feet everytime Steve Jobs says something like that in public. Of course, in Steve Jobs case, if the quote is correct, he claims that we "need to have the right..." which, of course, means that we do not currently have the right.
Music on your menus....well, again, putting it on your own DVDs and watching it with your wife and kids at your house would definitely pass the courts. However, if you take it over to Grandma's house, or burn a copy for someone else in your family, you broke the law. You are then creating a public viewing or deliberately duplicating a resynchronized track for the use of a non-license-holding entity.
In all these cases, be aware that you will almost never ever ever catch the eye of the law for these uses, fair or not. Even if you did, it would cost more money to sue you than could be reclaimed. The big boys are looking to make money, and unless they thought they'd make more money in the long run by making an example of you in court, they won't bother. They are very frustrated by all of this, because we keep finding more and more fair uses and setting more precedents in our favor. I'm not now nor would I ever condone or justify the illegal use of copyrighted materials. Only stating the obvious here....you will probably never get sued for it.
If you are happy with the odds and ready to accept the risks, then make your decision. Hope some of this was helpful!

Is there a way to import videos from old VHS tapes so that they can be later accessible to processing with imovie?

Is there any way to import videos from old VHS tapes so that thry can later be processed by imovie?

I recently got a new iPhone, and after restoring all my stuff from my old iPhone via the iTunes restore thing, I had to put all my music on manually, instead of it being restored.
iTunes content is not included with your iPhone's backup - no music, movies, tv shows, podcasts, audio and print books, tones, and apps. All iTunes content must be transferred back to your iPhone when restoring. If you sync music with Sync Music selected under the Music tab for your iPhone sync preferences with iTunes, music is transferred back to your iPhone from your iTunes library when syncing - syncing is followed after the iPhone is restored. If you manually manage music and videos with this selected under the Summary tab for your iPhone sync preferences with iTunes, you must manually drag all music from your iTunes library back to your iPhone. Manually manage music means manually all the way.

Looking fora camcorder that also has an s-video or rca jack input to convert my vhs tapes to digital

looking fora camcorder that also has an s-video or rca jack input to convert my vhs tapes to digital.

Hi ltcps,
Thanks for writing us!
None of Canon's current camcorders include S-Videos, RCA or other auxiliary inputs.
Did this answer your question? Please click the Accept as Solution button so that others may find the answer as well.

Audio Drift when importing VHS Tapes-Do I need a Canopus ADVC 300

Embarking on the daunting task of importing/editting >100 2hr VHS tapes, and want to get the best results for my efforts.
I pop a tape into a VCR connected via S-Video (video) and RCA (audio) cables to a Sony DVMC-DA1 AD converter, and from there to my Mac Pro via Firewire. Use FCE "Capture Now" using NTSC DV Converter setup. Start capture, let it run unattended, and return at my leisure to do some rough editting.
Problem is the audio on the imported clip gradually loses sync, by about 2 seconds by the end of the clip. The sync problem is present on the clip when played with Quicktime as well.
Questions:
1. Is there a reasonable way to correct this in FCE?
2. Since my Sony converter is nearing 10 years old, will use of a more recent AD converter such as the Canopus ADVC 300 result in a perfectly synced import?
3. If so, can you comment on the Canopus's purported video noise reduction and image stabilization capabilities? Is it noticable/worthwhile?
Thanks for your time.

Hello,
The problem is the audio is not 'locked' to the video, and your old Sony DVMC-DA1 does not appear to support locked audio.
The only way you might deal with this in FCE itself would be to capture shorter clips (say, under 15 minutes each) which would minimize the degree to which the audio drifts out of sync in each clip. (The longer the clip, the greater the drift.)
Given the large amount of video you wish to digitize (some 200 hours), it will be far preferable to use a Canopus ADVC-100, 110 or higher model - +they all support DV locked audio+ - so the video & audio are sync'd without the need for manual intervention or capturing short clips.
I have used the Canopus 100 & 110 extensively and have been very happy with the results. Sometimes, depending on the VHS tape, there is some slight banding at the very bottom of the image but 1) this is +usually not visible+ in the finished movie because it is outside the 'image safe area' and 2) if necessary can be compensated via about a 2%-4% enlargement of the image in FCE (which is not enough to soften the image).
I have not used the Canopus 300 because I never felt the need, as I am happy with my results from the 100 & 110. Users of the 300 have been pretty positive about its built-in TBC and image cleaning capabilities.

Converting my VHS tapes to a DVD using a Canon Elura 100 camcorder

I'm new to iMovie and this discussion board
I am trying to convert my VHS tapes to my powerbook G4 using iMovie 3.03. I've connected the wires correctly, I've tried it with a tape in the camcorder and without a tape. iMovie shows the camera connected, but I do not see the video from the VHS tape on my laptop. I changed the AV DV to "on" like the instructions stated.
#1 do I need to upgrade to iMovie 6?
#2 Anyone know of the common problems associated with this? Specifically with the Canon Elura 100
G4 power book Mac OS X (10.4.6)

Hi Karsten!
Thanks for the response. Yes, I am able to import from my camcorder/miniDV to my laptop. I've also made sure I don't have any other devices connected except for the power cord on the camcorder and my latop, which shouldn't matter right?
I have set up my camcorder to my VCR and tried to record on my camcorder, but that did not work either. I did not check in the manual if I had it connected right, or the settings right with this process. I'll try again and check with the manual. Also, I'm going to get iMovie 6 sometime this week, maybe that might make a difference?
Thanks again

Archiving VHS Tapes

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