Authenticating via CAS (i.e. w/o Oracle SSO or Page 101)?

As I mentioned in this Re: ERR 1002  Unable to find   item ID, I need to use custom authentication that can redirect to a web form and return when the user has been authenticated. I'm struggling to use the Apex default API with this authentication scheme. Basically the timing of when the Apex actions happen seem to conflict with the CAS method.
Our authentication is based on a home-grown Oracle package that talks to our implementation of the CAS (Central Authentication Service project) authentication server. Our instance pops up a web form to get username and password, then calls CAS and handles the return. So Apex never gets the username/password, so there's no need to show page 101.
So my authentication scheme is almost empty. Except for the Page Sentry function. The only way I could get this to work was to put my Oracle call to CAS in the Page Sentry, where it returns TRUE/FALSE.
It's been a while since I messed with this but as I recall, when I moved the CAS authentication call to any other point in the scheme, it wouldn't fire at the proper point. Plus I got lost how to get the Apex Login function called, since there's no Submit process from page 101.
I've seen suggestions that this is similar to what happens in the LDAP authentication, but I'm still lost on which actions happen when (though I've read through Apex's Flow Chart page for my scheme).
To complicate matters, I have a Post-Authentication process that needs to run. Since I'm not running the Authentication Scheme's Login Processing Authentication Function, code I put in the Post-Authentication Process doesn't get run either.
Can anyone at least suggest to me how I can get the Login Processing steps (including Pre- and Post-) to run w/o using the regular login page?
I'm at my wit's end over this.
Thanks,
Stew

Scott,
Thanks for the offer but there's no way I can replicate our environment there.
I was looking for more-general information.
For example, my brain tells me that I should be able to do all my steps in the Login Processing section of my Authentication scheme.
1) Set up the Pre-Authentication Process process to call my CAS authentication procedure.
2) Define the Authentication Function to call my authorization routine to determine if the person is authorized to run my application. If they're authorized, have this step call APEX_CUSTOM_AUTH.LOGIN to establish a standard Apex session. Then return TRUE (that they've successfully authenticated.
3) Define the Post-Authentication Process to do any other setup I need.
4) Set the Page Sentry function to use the standard wwv_flow_custom_auth_std.is_session_valid function.
Then I think I should simply be able to define the security for Page 1 as "Is not Public User", which should call the authentication steps to run.
But I'm clearly not getting it, as this model didn't seem to work for me. It was a while ago I tried this, but it didn't seem to call the authentication steps without a Submit from Page 101.
Can you clear up my confusion on how things really work vs my simplistic thoughts above?
Thanks,
Stew

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