BPEL exception handling
Hi all,
I need to handle exceptions in my bpel process but I don't know how to create a custom exception. I've seen that I can do right-click in a scope and add a catch/catch all branch and then do whatever I want in the catch scope.
If I choose the catch option I have to select a Fault QName from the predetermined faults, But I want to catch my own exception? How can I create my own fault?
Thanks in advance.
The catch-all handler will hanlde all errors occured in that scope. It can be used to pass the information further to other BPEL process, for example an ExecptionHanlder process.
You can also throw an error during running of a process. This can be seen as a non-technical -error, but an error that is thrown due to business requirements. For example, input data is not valid, format is not correct. In that case you use Throw task, you throw a error; namespace and name, and a variable. Then you use a catch tasks to catch this particular error and handle this further.
Marc
Similar Messages
-
Best Practice for Implementing Exception Handling in BPEL
Hi All,
what is the best practice and the approach to follow Exception Handling in BPEL.
1) Do we need to implement Exception Handling in BPEL as we do in Java, means
method 3 throws error to method 2 (if any) and
method 2 throws error to method 1 (if any) and
finally method 1 throws error to the main Class.
If we replicate the above scenario to BPEL
In BPEL main Scope have Custom Fault, Catch ALL
Each Invoke is surrounded by a Scope Activity with Remote Fault, Binding Fault & Custom Fault
and follow the paradigm of Java, assuming we have Inner Scopes
[ OR ]
2) In BPEL main Scope have all exceptions defined like
Remote Fault,
Binding Fault,
anyOther System Fault (selectionFailure / forcedTermination),
Custom Fault (if required) and
CatchALL
and also
each Invoke is surrounded by a Scopes Acitivity with Custom Fault (business fault) exception Handling
I feel 1st one may not be a good practice, may be i am wrong...
Any Suggestions from experts.
Thanks in Advance
anvv sharmaHi-
In you can create different scope and use catch branch to catch binding, remote, custom faults, business faults etc. If an error happens in a scope it will not move to the next scope( eg: you have 3 scope, error occured in 2nd scope then it will not propogate to the 3rd scope. One thing to be noticed here is your transaction in the 1st scope doesnt gets commited when an error happens in 2d scope).
You can have a catch all to catch error which are not being caught at catch level. So if any error happens which is not defined in catch block then then it will be caught in catch all branch.
Edited by: 333333 on Apr 12, 2011 9:39 AM -
Exception Handling In BPEL By using Catch Blocks or Fault Policies Or Both
I have a confusion regarding
Exception handling :
When Should i go for 1)Catch Block (Remote , or binding ) in bpel for exception handling .
2)Fault Policy , Fault binding.xml
Currently iam using catch blocks , but even fault policy is good , but can i use both...
Currently in My bpel ,when any error occurs i have to send a error notification by Email .
Currently i have exposed the email service which shuts emails and write a file with errored Message.
Hence if any error i will catch i in a parent BPEL, i will just invoke the above email, service .
So anybody can help me by giving the suggestion how to go for the best approach
Edited by: anantwag on Mar 23, 2011 6:31 AMCurrently in My bpel ,when any error occurs i have to send a error notification by Email .
Currently i have exposed the email service which shuts emails and write a file with errored Message.Seeing your use case I will suggest you to use fault handling framework (fault policy). Fault handling framework should be used where you need generic error handling framework which handles all the faults occured in any composite component. Generally BPEL catch block should be used to propagate error info/fault back to the client/to fault handling framework or to consume an error
Regards,
Anuj -
Exception handling In File Adapter
My requirement is that i am reading a file using file adapter but the file is not in correct format so it is not reading that file and even not making any bpel instance.
so i need to add exception handling that show me the above error(file read failure).
we have log file in that it is showing this error but i need to show that error on BPEL console.
Please help how to proceed with this.
Thanks
Vivek GargI am able to call another bpel when error occured in file reading Bpel.
the second Bpel will handle the error and shows the error. but addition to that i need BPEL process name which fails(File Read BPEL) and call second BPEL.
Thanks
Vivek Garg -
Exception handling in ODI - common exception handling framework
Hi,
I need to come up with a common exception handling framework in an environment where ESB and ODI are being used for interfacing and ELT operations. I am of the opinion that
1. I am not able to find any documentation wrt exception handling when ODI is used? Can some one help me with some pointers?
2, When I come up with a common exception handling framework using BPEL, will I be able to invoke the same from ODI.
Thanks,
MaheshThanks for the reply Allan. I haven't used BusinessWorks.
I did go through this thread before and here's my understanding.
1. ESB provides the ability of error handling (client management API) but not the exception handling i.e. I can't redirect the flow in case there is an exception in my primary flow. Am I right with my understanding?
2. Error handling ability of ESB is limited to retryable exceptions viz-a-viz asynchrounous ESB processes (e.g. database listener not up) where in the process can be retried. Am I right here?
Thanks,
Mahesh -
Failover exception handling in partnerlink
Hi All,
I've been trying to test the failover exception handling feature in partnerlink and were not able to replicate it. Can you please assist me on this? Here is the steps which I've carried out:
1.) Develop a web service and deploy to my localhost's OC4J instance with the following ending point:
http://localhost:8888/plsqlwebService-webservice-context-root/plsqlwebserviceSoapHttpPort
2.) Develop the same web service and deploy it to my testing application server with the following ending point:
http://myappserver:8888/plsqlwebService-webservice-context-root/plsqlwebserviceSoapHttpPort
3.) Create a bpel synchronous project with a partnerlink originally pointing to my testing application server WSDL file. Also, I've created a Location property for that same partnerlink with 2 sets of values - first having the ending point of my testing application server and the second one is the ending point of my local OC4J instance.
4.) Deploy the deploy Bpel project to my testing application server.
5.) To test it, I purposely disabled the web service created in step 2 and initiate the Bpel project on the Bpel console. I was hoping that because the primary web service is not available and it will try to call the second one which I've defined in the Location property but it did not work.
Have I misunderstood the concept or missed out some important tasks? Thank you for your timne and assistance.
Have a nice day,
JohnHi Jayakrishna,
In General , there are non execptions in BAPIs, because of the reason, that the exception raised in a SAP envoronment may not mean anything for a non SAP initiator. All the exception situations would only fill the return table(TYpe BAPIRET2 or something like that). If you read that table after the call to the bapi, you can understand what has gone wrong.
Regards,
Ravi -
Flow Activity Exception Handling Problem
Hi,
I am using Flow Activity in my Bpel Process, i am getting some exception in one of flow, but other flows are working fine. Even i have included Catch block for other flow still i am getting fault response.
Please suggest me how to do exception handling in Flow Activity.
Thanks in advance.Hi,
just restructure your BPEL process. The 'Flow' activity contains several 'Sequence' activities. Simply ... put a 'Scope' activity inside of each 'Sequence' activity. Then put another 'Sequence' activity inside of each 'Scope' activity ... and put there required logic/activities.
After that you can create fault handling on these 'Scope' activities. In this way you can handle faults in each flow-sequence.
Regards,
Martin -
Database Exception Handling Error
Hi
Platform: BPEL/SOA Suite 10.1.3.3
I created an async BPEL process that does a simple insert into a database, and added error handling to ensure that database errors are trapped and interested parties notified when errors occur. To test the exception handling, I created a dummy table with an id and value column, where the value is declared as varchar2(1). Then I invoked the BPEL process with a string value longer than 1 character.
I expected to have the process catch the error, execute a java embedded System.out.println, assign the fault details to a fault variable string, and then terminate, with the terminated process displayed in the BPEL Console. Much to my surprise, as this executed perfectly in BPEL 10.1.2, this did not happen. Instead, the java embedded System.out.println executed, but then the following error was generated and the BPEL process was sent to the Manual Recovery area.
2007-10-18 10:52:29,879> <ERROR> <default.collaxa.cube.ws> <Database Adapter::Outbound> <oracle.tip.adapter.db.DBInteraction executeOutboundWrite> unable to execute the outbound insert operation on: DBAccessDummyTable.TestDummy
<2007-10-18 10:52:29,879> <ERROR> <default.collaxa.cube.ws> <AdapterFramework::Outbound> file:/E:/product/10.1.3.1/OracleAS_1/bpel/domains/default/tmp/.bpel_Test_DummyTable_Async_1.5_709050a551839440870cf17aba79c0f7.tmp/DBAccess_DummyTable.wsdl [ DBAccess_DummyTable_ptt::insert(TestDummyCollection,TestDummyCollection) ] - Could not invoke operation 'insert' against the 'Database Adapter' due to:
ORABPEL-11616
DBWriteInteractionSpec Execute Failed Exception.
insert failed. Descriptor name: [DBAccessDummyTable.TestDummy]. [Caused by: ORA-12899: value too large for column "ALE_ADAPTER"."TEST_DUMMY"."DUMMY_STRING_VALUE" (actual: 4, maximum: 1)
Caused by Exception [TOPLINK-4002] (Oracle TopLink - 10g Release 3 (10.1.3.3.0) (Build 070608)): oracle.toplink.exceptions.DatabaseException
Internal Exception: java.sql.SQLException: ORA-12899: value too large for column "ALE_ADAPTER"."TEST_DUMMY"."DUMMY_STRING_VALUE" (actual: 4, maximum: 1)
Error Code: 12899
Call:INSERT INTO TEST_DUMMY (DUMMY_ID, DUMMY_STRING_VALUE) VALUES (?, ?)
bind => [280, long]
Query:InsertObjectQuery(<TestDummy 280 />).
at oracle.tip.adapter.db.exceptions.DBResourceException.createEISException(DBResourceException.java:469)
at oracle.tip.adapter.db.exceptions.DBResourceException.outboundWriteException(DBResourceException.java:510)
at oracle.tip.adapter.db.DBInteraction.executeOutboundWrite(DBInteraction.java:963)
at oracle.tip.adapter.db.DBInteraction.execute(DBInteraction.java:225)
at oracle.tip.adapter.fw.wsif.jca.WSIFOperation_JCA.executeRequestResponseOperation(WSIFOperation_JCA.java:485)
at com.collaxa.cube.ws.WSIFInvocationHandler.invoke(WSIFInvocationHandler.java:435)
at com.collaxa.cube.ws.WSInvocationManager.invoke2(WSInvocationManager.java:443)
at com.collaxa.cube.ws.WSInvocationManager.invoke(WSInvocationManager.java:251)
at com.collaxa.cube.engine.ext.wmp.BPELInvokeWMP.__invoke(BPELInvokeWMP.java:727)
I decided to test this on my local SOA Suite, instead of deploying to the development server, and again to my surprise, the exception was caught and handled as expected, with no errors thrown. I then realized that I hadn’t set up the datasource, connection pool, and DbAdapter connection factory in Enterprise Manager for the database being used. I configured these appropriately, and once again the above error happened, this time on my local SOA Suite. I removed the connection from the DbAdapter connection factory, and the exception was once again caught and handled appropriately.
Since our database passwords have to be changed periodically, we are required to configure the datasource etc on the server so password management can be done in one place. That being the case, I’m hoping someone can provide some ideas to help resolve this issue. I tried changing a few of the database settings in Enterprise Manager (using dataSourceName instead of xADataSourceName, setting usesBatchWriting to false instead of true) but none of these changes worked.
ThanksYou should look into Bridge [GOF:151] and Memento [GOF:273].
Bridge allows you to decouple your mechanism from the implementation memento on how to propergate the decoupled exception information. -
I am trying to create a single BPEL process which is called from all my processes to handle a fault condition. To do this I need to pass in the complete error from the console.
So for example I get the following error if I add no exception handling to my web service call (i.e. the process goes RED) :
<bindingFault>
<part name="code" >
<code>GenericError</code>
</part>
<part name="summary" >
<summary>Failed get wsdl service definition. Failed to get a WSDL service that support the portType "{http://ManualErrorHandler.integration}ManualExceptionHandler" in WSDL definition "{http://ManualErrorHandler.integration}
ManualExceptionHandler". Please verify that WSDL portType "{http://ManualErrorHandler.integration}
ManualExceptionHandler" is supported by a service in WSDL file. </summary>
</part>
</bindingFault>
I would like to pass this complete text as a string input into my common process.
Can this be done? I do not seem to be able to copying this data in an Assign...
PeteThanks for the reply Allan. I haven't used BusinessWorks.
I did go through this thread before and here's my understanding.
1. ESB provides the ability of error handling (client management API) but not the exception handling i.e. I can't redirect the flow in case there is an exception in my primary flow. Am I right with my understanding?
2. Error handling ability of ESB is limited to retryable exceptions viz-a-viz asynchrounous ESB processes (e.g. database listener not up) where in the process can be retried. Am I right here?
Thanks,
Mahesh -
Exception handling - Common exception handling framework
Hi,
I need to come up with a common exception handling framework in an environment where ESB and ODI are being used for interfacing and ELT operations. I am of the opinion that
1. A generic exception handling framework can be built using BPEL and can be invoked from ESB. Is my understanding correct?
2. Are there any ways that we can build this framework using ESB itself? I opinion that it's not possible as there is no concept of try-catch?
3. I am not able to find any documentation wrt exception handling when ODI is used? Can some one help me with some pointers?
4, When I come up with a common exception handling framework, will I be able to invoke the same from ODI.
Thanks,
MaheshThanks for the reply Allan. I haven't used BusinessWorks.
I did go through this thread before and here's my understanding.
1. ESB provides the ability of error handling (client management API) but not the exception handling i.e. I can't redirect the flow in case there is an exception in my primary flow. Am I right with my understanding?
2. Error handling ability of ESB is limited to retryable exceptions viz-a-viz asynchrounous ESB processes (e.g. database listener not up) where in the process can be retried. Am I right here?
Thanks,
Mahesh -
Hi,
Implementing exception handling part for B2B and the version using is 11g.
I am implementing exception handling by using JMS queue "B2B_IN_QUEUE".
If message is getting error out then B2B producing error message into "B2B_IN_QUEUE".
Checked in server and "B2B_IN_QUEUE" consist the error message.
In BPEL I am consuming the message. But the instance is not getting created for the message available in "B2B_IN_QUEUE".
In Jms Adapter configuration wizard not provided the option for defining consumer type as "B2BErroruser". Due to consumer type is undefined thinking bpel is not intiating itself by consuming the error message available in "B2B_IN_QUEUE".
I tried by providing message property "MSG_TYPE" value as '3' also.
But still Bpel instance is not creating...
Please tell me is required to set any other message properties to make bpel to consume the message.
Thanks&Regards,
Sridhar.Rachumallu
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Nov 30, 2010 10:31 AM
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Nov 30, 2010 10:40 AM
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Nov 30, 2010 8:47 PMHi Anuj,
First of all check whether there is any consumer on B2B_IN_Queue or not? You may check it on weblogic admin console.
I am checking for the consumers information in Monitor tab of B2B_IN_Queue and noticed the below information
Consumers Current : 0
Consumers High : 1
Consumers Total : 1
Messages Current : 3
Messages Pending : 0
Messages Total : 3
Messages High : 3
After deployed the BPEL process the value of 'Consumers Current' not updating to 1 from 0.
Values of Consumers Total and Consumers Current not changing after deploying the process or after un deploying the bpel process.
Can you please tell me what is difference between Consumers Total and Consumers Current?
If the path i am using for getting consumers information of B2B_IN_Queue is wrong please suggest correct path in the admin console.
Thanks&Regards,
Sridhar.Rachumallu
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Dec 1, 2010 1:41 AM
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Dec 1, 2010 1:47 AM
Edited by: sridhar.rachumallu on Dec 1, 2010 2:53 AM -
Dave,
In your Advanced Architecture presentation you mentioned about default and custom error handlers for non transactional end points. And you mentiond JMS:// and BPEL:// handlers as an example. So my question is how to configure this? I assume this involves editing ESB service files. Any documentation in this regard is appreciated. I know BPEL supports this via inbound activation specs but not sure about ESB.
By transactional you mean Asynch invocations, right? If I invoke a BPEL either via SOAP or internal Java binding, can I still use the exception handling for a Asynch invocation?
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
RajeshHi Dave,
I checked this document yesterday, it contained 18 pages.
Some great info in the additional 7 pages, just in time as well: at a customer site we are hitting bug 5547165, the rejected messages being empty. I checked the rejection handlers for BPEL and was investigating how these could be used in case of ESB. Seems you have provided the answer.
Any chance a fix for the bug mentioned here is in the 10.1.3.3 patch set?
One more thing: by default the rejected messages for ESB are written to file system, in a directory below the 'home' OC4J instance. Could this be turned into a configurable space in a next release?
Thanks and best regards, Sjoerd -
Not getting email notifications in Oracle AIA Exception handling
We are using Oracle AIA Exception Handling feature. In the BPEL process , we have catch branches defined. From the catch brances we are invoking AIAAsyncErrorHandlerBPELProcess.
In case of an exception , the instance of AIAAsyncErrorHandlerBPELProcess and AIAReadJMSNotification is being created. We have configured ns_emails.xml and user_properties.xml as per the documentation.
We are not receiving any emails.
I have tried a BPEL process with email activity. Email was sent from this process.
Kindly let us know the issue.Please ensure you are following all 4 steps mentioned in this blog article, http://blogs.oracle.com/aia/2009/09/aia_error_notifications.html.
If the issue still persists, please look for an error message in opmn log file and post it here.
Regards
Rohit -
MC.9 and MCY1 and Exception Handling in (Logistics Inf. Sys)LIS
Hi,
I want the 'Valuated Stock Value" greater then or equal to zero (>=) appear in the MC.9 report. I can create 'Exception' in MCY1 but am unable to do so. Once I am in MCY1; I choose 'Requirements' then Key Figure 'Valuated Stock Value' then 'Type of condition' is 'Threshold Val. Anal.' is set to '> 0'. However, the report still displays zero values in MC.9. I don't want to display 'Valuated Stock Value' zero to be displayed on the report. Please help.
Thanks
NavedHey Chris,
I got the point for exception handling in weblogic 9.2. We ae using 9.2. It comes up with the concept of shared page flows which means all my unhandled exceptions are thrown to the shared page flow controller. There based on the type of exception, i can forward the request to appropraite page.
Thanks anywyas,
Saurabh -
PL/SQL 101 : Exception Handling
Frequently I see questions and issues around the use of Exception/Error Handling in PL/SQL. More often than not the issue comes from the questioners misunderstanding about how PL/SQL is constructed and executed, so I thought I'd write a small article covering the key concepts to give a clear picture of how it all hangs together. (Note: the examples are just showing examples of the exception handling structure, and should not be taken as truly valid code for ways of handling things)
Exception Handling
Contents
1. Understanding Execution Blocks (part 1)
2. Execution of the Execution Block
3. Exceptions
4. Understanding Execution Blocks (part 2)
5. How to continue exection of statements after an exception
6. User defined exceptions
7. Line number of exception
8. Exceptions within code within the exception block
1. Understanding Execution Blocks (part 1)
The first thing that one needs to understand is almost taking us back to the basics of PL/SQL... how a PL/SQL execution block is constructed.
Essentially an execution block is made of 3 sections...
+---------------------------+
| Declaration Section |
+---------------------------+
| Statements Section |
+---------------------------+
| Exception Section |
+---------------------------+
The Declaration section is the part defined between the PROCEDURE/FUNCTION header or the DECLARE keyword (for anonymous blocks) and the BEGIN keyword. (Optional section)
The Statements section is where your code goes and lies between the BEGIN keyword and the EXCEPTION keyword (or END keyword if there is no EXCEPTION section). (Mandatory section)
The Exception section is where any exception handling goes and lies between the EXCEPTION keyword at the END keyword. (Optional section)
Example of an anonymous block...
DECLARE
.. declarative statements go here ..
BEGIN
.. code statements go here ..
EXCEPTION
.. exception handlers go here ..
END;
Example of a procedure/function block...
[CREATE OR REPLACE] (PROCEDURE|FUNCTION) <proc or fn name> [(<parameters>)] [RETURN <datatype>] (IS|AS)
.. declarative statements go here ..
BEGIN
.. code statements go here ..
EXCEPTION
.. exception handlers go here ..
END;
(Note: The same can also be done for packages, but let's keep it simple)
2. Execution of the Execution Block
This may seem a simple concept, but it's surprising how many people have issues showing they haven't grasped it. When an Execution block is entered, the declaration section is processed, creating a scope of variables, types , cursors, etc. to be visible to the execution block and then execution enters into the Statements section. Each statment in the statements section is executed in turn and when the execution completes the last statment the execution block is exited back to whatever called it.
3. Exceptions
Exceptions generally happen during the execution of statements in the Statements section. When an exception happens the execution of statements jumps immediately into the exception section. In this section we can specify what exceptions we wish to 'capture' or 'trap' and do one of the two following things...
(Note: The exception section still has access to all the declared items in the declaration section)
3.i) Handle the exception
We do this when we recognise what the exception is (most likely it's something we expect to happen) and we have a means of dealing with it so that our application can continue on.
Example...
(without the exception handler the exception is passed back to the calling code, in this case SQL*Plus)
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 declare
2 v_name VARCHAR2(20);
3 begin
4 select ename
5 into v_name
6 from emp
7 where empno = &empno;
8 dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
9* end;
SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 123
old 7: where empno = &empno;
new 7: where empno = 123;
declare
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01403: no data found
ORA-06512: at line 4
(with an exception handler, we capture the exception, handle it how we want to, and the calling code is happy that there is no error for it to report)
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 declare
2 v_name VARCHAR2(20);
3 begin
4 select ename
5 into v_name
6 from emp
7 where empno = &empno;
8 dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
9 exception
10 when no_data_found then
11 dbms_output.put_line('There is no employee with this employee number.');
12* end;
SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 123
old 7: where empno = &empno;
new 7: where empno = 123;
There is no employee with this employee number.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
3.ii) Raise the exception
We do this when:-
a) we recognise the exception, handle it but still want to let the calling code know that it happened
b) we recognise the exception, wish to log it happened and then let the calling code deal with it
c) we don't recognise the exception and we want the calling code to deal with it
Example of b)
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 declare
2 v_name VARCHAR2(20);
3 v_empno NUMBER := &empno;
4 begin
5 select ename
6 into v_name
7 from emp
8 where empno = v_empno;
9 dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
10 EXCEPTION
11 WHEN no_data_found THEN
12 INSERT INTO sql_errors (txt)
13 VALUES ('Search for '||v_empno||' failed.');
14 COMMIT;
15 RAISE;
16* end;
SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 123
old 3: v_empno NUMBER := &empno;
new 3: v_empno NUMBER := 123;
declare
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01403: no data found
ORA-06512: at line 15
SQL> select * from sql_errors;
TXT
Search for 123 failed.
SQL>
Example of c)
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 declare
2 v_name VARCHAR2(20);
3 v_empno NUMBER := &empno;
4 begin
5 select ename
6 into v_name
7 from emp
8 where empno = v_empno;
9 dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
10 EXCEPTION
11 WHEN no_data_found THEN
12 INSERT INTO sql_errors (txt)
13 VALUES ('Search for '||v_empno||' failed.');
14 COMMIT;
15 RAISE;
16 WHEN others THEN
17 RAISE;
18* end;
SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 'ABC'
old 3: v_empno NUMBER := &empno;
new 3: v_empno NUMBER := 'ABC';
declare
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error: character to number conversion error
ORA-06512: at line 3
SQL> select * from sql_errors;
TXT
Search for 123 failed.
SQL>
As you can see from the sql_errors log table, no log was written so the WHEN others exception was the exception that raised the error to the calling code (SQL*Plus)
4. Understanding Execution Blocks (part 2)
Ok, so now we understand the very basics of an execution block and what happens when an exception happens. Let's take it a step further...
Execution blocks are not just a single simple block in most cases. Often, during our statements section we have a need to call some reusable code and we do that by calling a procedure or function. Effectively this nests the procedure or function's code as another execution block within the current statement section so, in terms of execution, we end up with something like...
+---------------------------------+
| Declaration Section |
+---------------------------------+
| Statements Section |
| . |
| +---------------------------+ |
| | Declaration Section | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| | Statements Section | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| | Exception Section | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| . |
+---------------------------------+
| Exception Section |
+---------------------------------+
Example... (Note: log_trace just writes some text to a table for tracing)
SQL> create or replace procedure a as
2 v_dummy NUMBER := log_trace('Procedure A''s Declaration Section');
3 begin
4 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure A''s Statement Section');
5 v_dummy := 1/0; -- cause an exception
6 exception
7 when others then
8 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure A''s Exception Section');
9 raise;
10 end;
11 /
Procedure created.
SQL> create or replace procedure b as
2 v_dummy NUMBER := log_trace('Procedure B''s Declaration Section');
3 begin
4 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure B''s Statement Section');
5 a; -- HERE the execution passes to the declare/statement/exception sections of A
6 exception
7 when others then
8 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure B''s Exception Section');
9 raise;
10 end;
11 /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec b;
BEGIN b; END;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.B", line 9
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL> select * from code_trace;
TXT
Procedure B's Declaration Section
Procedure B's Statement Section
Procedure A's Declaration Section
Procedure A's Statement Section
Procedure A's Exception Section
Procedure B's Exception Section
6 rows selected.
SQL>
Likewise, execution blocks can be nested deeper and deeper.
5. How to continue exection of statements after an exception
One of the common questions asked is how to return execution to the statement after the one that created the exception and continue on.
Well, firstly, you can only do this for statements you expect to raise an exception, such as when you want to check if there is no data found in a query.
If you consider what's been shown above you could put any statement you expect to cause an exception inside it's own procedure or function with it's own exception section to handle the exception without raising it back to the calling code. However, the nature of procedures and functions is really to provide a means of re-using code, so if it's a statement you only use once it seems a little silly to go creating individual procedures for these.
Instead, you nest execution blocks directly, to give the same result as shown in the diagram at the start of part 4 of this article.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure b (p_empno IN VARCHAR2) as
2 v_dummy NUMBER := log_trace('Procedure B''s Declaration Section');
3 begin
4 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure B''s Statement Section');
5 -- Here we start another execution block nested in the first one...
6 declare
7 v_dummy NUMBER := log_trace('Nested Block Declaration Section');
8 begin
9 v_dummy := log_trace('Nested Block Statement Section');
10 select empno
11 into v_dummy
12 from emp
13 where empno = p_empno; -- Note: the parameters and variables from
parent execution block are available to use!
14 exception
15 when no_data_found then
16 -- This is an exception we can handle so we don't raise it
17 v_dummy := log_trace('No employee was found');
18 v_dummy := log_trace('Nested Block Exception Section - Exception Handled');
19 when others then
20 -- Other exceptions we can't handle so we raise them
21 v_dummy := log_trace('Nested Block Exception Section - Exception Raised');
22 raise;
23 end;
24 -- ...Here endeth the nested execution block
25 -- As the nested block handled it's exception we come back to here...
26 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure B''s Statement Section Continued');
27 exception
28 when others then
29 -- We'll only get to here if an unhandled exception was raised
30 -- either in the nested block or in procedure b's statement section
31 v_dummy := log_trace('Procedure B''s Exception Section');
32 raise;
33* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec b(123);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from code_trace;
TXT
Procedure B's Declaration Section
Procedure B's Statement Section
Nested Block Declaration Section
Nested Block Statement Section
No employee was found
Nested Block Exception Section - Exception Handled
Procedure B's Statement Section Continued
7 rows selected.
SQL> truncate table code_trace;
Table truncated.
SQL> exec b('ABC');
BEGIN b('ABC'); END;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.B", line 32
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL> select * from code_trace;
TXT
Procedure B's Declaration Section
Procedure B's Statement Section
Nested Block Declaration Section
Nested Block Statement Section
Nested Block Exception Section - Exception Raised
Procedure B's Exception Section
6 rows selected.
SQL>
You can see from this that, very simply, the code that we expected may have an exception was able to either handle the exception and return to the outer execution block to continue execution, or if an unexpected exception occurred then it was able to be raised up to the outer exception section.
6. User defined exceptions
There are three sorts of 'User Defined' exceptions. There are logical situations (e.g. business logic) where, for example, certain criteria are not met to complete a task, and there are existing Oracle errors that you wish to give a name to in order to capture them in the exception section. The third is raising your own exception messages with our own exception numbers. Let's look at the first one...
Let's say I have tables which detail stock availablility and reorder levels...
SQL> select * from reorder_level;
ITEM_ID STOCK_LEVEL
1 20
2 20
3 10
4 2
5 2
SQL> select * from stock;
ITEM_ID ITEM_DESC STOCK_LEVEL
1 Pencils 10
2 Pens 2
3 Notepads 25
4 Stapler 5
5 Hole Punch 3
SQL>
Now, our Business has told the administrative clerk to check stock levels and re-order anything that is below the re-order level, but not to hold stock of more than 4 times the re-order level for any particular item. As an IT department we've been asked to put together an application that will automatically produce the re-order documents upon the clerks request and, because our company is so tight-ar*ed about money, they don't want to waste any paper with incorrect printouts so we have to ensure the clerk can't order things they shouldn't.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure re_order(p_item_id NUMBER, p_quantity NUMBER) is
2 cursor cur_stock_reorder is
3 select s.stock_level
4 ,r.stock_level as reorder_level
5 ,(r.stock_level*4) as reorder_limit
6 from stock s join reorder_level r on (s.item_id = r.item_id)
7 where s.item_id = p_item_id;
8 --
9 v_stock cur_stock_reorder%ROWTYPE;
10 begin
11 OPEN cur_stock_reorder;
12 FETCH cur_stock_reorder INTO v_stock;
13 IF cur_stock_reorder%NOTFOUND THEN
14 RAISE no_data_found;
15 END IF;
16 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
17 --
18 IF v_stock.stock_level >= v_stock.reorder_level THEN
19 -- Stock is not low enough to warrant an order
20 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Stock has not reached re-order level yet!');
21 ELSE
22 IF v_stock.stock_level + p_quantity > v_stock.reorder_limit THEN
23 -- Required amount is over-ordering
24 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: '
||to_char(v_stock.reorder_limit-v_stock.stock_level));
25 ELSE
26 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order OK. Printing Order...');
27 -- Here goes our code to print the order
28 END IF;
29 END IF;
30 --
31 exception
32 WHEN no_data_found THEN
33 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
34 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid Item ID.');
35* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec re_order(10,100);
Invalid Item ID.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(3,40);
Stock has not reached re-order level yet!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(1,100);
Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: 70
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(2,50);
Order OK. Printing Order...
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
Ok, so that code works, but it's a bit messy with all those nested IF statements. Is there a cleaner way perhaps? Wouldn't it be nice if we could set up our own exceptions...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure re_order(p_item_id NUMBER, p_quantity NUMBER) is
2 cursor cur_stock_reorder is
3 select s.stock_level
4 ,r.stock_level as reorder_level
5 ,(r.stock_level*4) as reorder_limit
6 from stock s join reorder_level r on (s.item_id = r.item_id)
7 where s.item_id = p_item_id;
8 --
9 v_stock cur_stock_reorder%ROWTYPE;
10 --
11 -- Let's declare our own exceptions for business logic...
12 exc_not_warranted EXCEPTION;
13 exc_too_much EXCEPTION;
14 begin
15 OPEN cur_stock_reorder;
16 FETCH cur_stock_reorder INTO v_stock;
17 IF cur_stock_reorder%NOTFOUND THEN
18 RAISE no_data_found;
19 END IF;
20 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
21 --
22 IF v_stock.stock_level >= v_stock.reorder_level THEN
23 -- Stock is not low enough to warrant an order
24 RAISE exc_not_warranted;
25 END IF;
26 --
27 IF v_stock.stock_level + p_quantity > v_stock.reorder_limit THEN
28 -- Required amount is over-ordering
29 RAISE exc_too_much;
30 END IF;
31 --
32 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order OK. Printing Order...');
33 -- Here goes our code to print the order
34 --
35 exception
36 WHEN no_data_found THEN
37 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
38 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid Item ID.');
39 WHEN exc_not_warranted THEN
40 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Stock has not reached re-order level yet!');
41 WHEN exc_too_much THEN
42 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: '
||to_char(v_stock.reorder_limit-v_stock.stock_level));
43* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec re_order(10,100);
Invalid Item ID.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(3,40);
Stock has not reached re-order level yet!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(1,100);
Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: 70
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(2,50);
Order OK. Printing Order...
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
That's better. And now we don't have to use all those nested IF statements and worry about it accidently getting to code that will print the order out as, once one of our user defined exceptions is raised, execution goes from the Statements section into the Exception section and all handling of errors is done in one place.
Now for the second sort of user defined exception...
A new requirement has come in from the Finance department who want to have details shown on the order that show a re-order 'indicator' based on the formula ((maximum allowed stock - current stock)/re-order quantity), so this needs calculating and passing to the report...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure re_order(p_item_id NUMBER, p_quantity NUMBER) is
2 cursor cur_stock_reorder is
3 select s.stock_level
4 ,r.stock_level as reorder_level
5 ,(r.stock_level*4) as reorder_limit
6 ,(((r.stock_level*4)-s.stock_level)/p_quantity) as finance_factor
7 from stock s join reorder_level r on (s.item_id = r.item_id)
8 where s.item_id = p_item_id;
9 --
10 v_stock cur_stock_reorder%ROWTYPE;
11 --
12 -- Let's declare our own exceptions for business logic...
13 exc_not_warranted EXCEPTION;
14 exc_too_much EXCEPTION;
15 begin
16 OPEN cur_stock_reorder;
17 FETCH cur_stock_reorder INTO v_stock;
18 IF cur_stock_reorder%NOTFOUND THEN
19 RAISE no_data_found;
20 END IF;
21 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
22 --
23 IF v_stock.stock_level >= v_stock.reorder_level THEN
24 -- Stock is not low enough to warrant an order
25 RAISE exc_not_warranted;
26 END IF;
27 --
28 IF v_stock.stock_level + p_quantity > v_stock.reorder_limit THEN
29 -- Required amount is over-ordering
30 RAISE exc_too_much;
31 END IF;
32 --
33 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order OK. Printing Order...');
34 -- Here goes our code to print the order, passing the finance_factor
35 --
36 exception
37 WHEN no_data_found THEN
38 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
39 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid Item ID.');
40 WHEN exc_not_warranted THEN
41 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Stock has not reached re-order level yet!');
42 WHEN exc_too_much THEN
43 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: '
||to_char(v_stock.reorder_limit-v_stock.stock_level));
44* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec re_order(2,40);
Order OK. Printing Order...
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec re_order(2,0);
BEGIN re_order(2,0); END;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.RE_ORDER", line 17
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL>
Hmm, there's a problem if the person specifies a re-order quantity of zero. It raises an unhandled exception.
Well, we could put a condition/check into our code to make sure the parameter is not zero, but again we would be wrapping our code in an IF statement and not dealing with the exception in the exception handler.
We could do as we did before and just include a simple IF statement to check the value and raise our own user defined exception but, in this instance the error is standard Oracle error (ORA-01476) so we should be able to capture it inside the exception handler anyway... however...
EXCEPTION
WHEN ORA-01476 THEN
... is not valid. What we need is to give this Oracle error a name.
This is done by declaring a user defined exception as we did before and then associating that name with the error number using the PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT statement in the declaration section.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure re_order(p_item_id NUMBER, p_quantity NUMBER) is
2 cursor cur_stock_reorder is
3 select s.stock_level
4 ,r.stock_level as reorder_level
5 ,(r.stock_level*4) as reorder_limit
6 ,(((r.stock_level*4)-s.stock_level)/p_quantity) as finance_factor
7 from stock s join reorder_level r on (s.item_id = r.item_id)
8 where s.item_id = p_item_id;
9 --
10 v_stock cur_stock_reorder%ROWTYPE;
11 --
12 -- Let's declare our own exceptions for business logic...
13 exc_not_warranted EXCEPTION;
14 exc_too_much EXCEPTION;
15 --
16 exc_zero_quantity EXCEPTION;
17 PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exc_zero_quantity, -1476);
18 begin
19 OPEN cur_stock_reorder;
20 FETCH cur_stock_reorder INTO v_stock;
21 IF cur_stock_reorder%NOTFOUND THEN
22 RAISE no_data_found;
23 END IF;
24 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
25 --
26 IF v_stock.stock_level >= v_stock.reorder_level THEN
27 -- Stock is not low enough to warrant an order
28 RAISE exc_not_warranted;
29 END IF;
30 --
31 IF v_stock.stock_level + p_quantity > v_stock.reorder_limit THEN
32 -- Required amount is over-ordering
33 RAISE exc_too_much;
34 END IF;
35 --
36 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order OK. Printing Order...');
37 -- Here goes our code to print the order, passing the finance_factor
38 --
39 exception
40 WHEN exc_zero_quantity THEN
41 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quantity of 0 (zero) is invalid.');
42 WHEN no_data_found THEN
43 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
44 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid Item ID.');
45 WHEN exc_not_warranted THEN
46 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Stock has not reached re-order level yet!');
47 WHEN exc_too_much THEN
48 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Quantity specified is too much. Max for this item: '
||to_char(v_stock.reorder_limit-v_stock.stock_level));
49* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec re_order(2,0);
Quantity of 0 (zero) is invalid.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
Lastly, let's look at raising our own exceptions with our own exception numbers...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure re_order(p_item_id NUMBER, p_quantity NUMBER) is
2 cursor cur_stock_reorder is
3 select s.stock_level
4 ,r.stock_level as reorder_level
5 ,(r.stock_level*4) as reorder_limit
6 ,(((r.stock_level*4)-s.stock_level)/p_quantity) as finance_factor
7 from stock s join reorder_level r on (s.item_id = r.item_id)
8 where s.item_id = p_item_id;
9 --
10 v_stock cur_stock_reorder%ROWTYPE;
11 --
12 exc_zero_quantity EXCEPTION;
13 PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exc_zero_quantity, -1476);
14 begin
15 OPEN cur_stock_reorder;
16 FETCH cur_stock_reorder INTO v_stock;
17 IF cur_stock_reorder%NOTFOUND THEN
18 RAISE no_data_found;
19 END IF;
20 CLOSE cur_stock_reorder;
21 --
22 IF v_stock.stock_level >= v_stock.reorder_level THEN
23 -- Stock is not low enough to warrant an order
24 [b]RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Stock has not reached re-order level yet!');[/b]
25 END IF;
26 --
27 IF v_stock.stock_level + p_quantity > v_stock.reorder_limit THEN
28 -- Required amount is over-ordering
29its nice article, have put up this one the blog
site,Nah, I don't have time to blog, but if one of the other Ace's/Experts wants to copy it to a blog with reference back to here (and all due credit given ;)) then that's fine by me.
I'd go for a book like "Selected articles by OTN members" or something. Does anybody have a list of links of all those mentioned articles?Just these ones I've bookmarked...
Introduction to regular expressions ... by CD
When your query takes too long ... by Rob van Wijk
How to pipeline a function with a dynamic number of columns? by ascheffer
PL/SQL 101 : Exception Handling by BluShadow
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